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INDONESIA
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 26548283     EISSN : 26550164     DOI : 10.22416/jcoemph
Core Subject : Health, Education,
Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health (ISSN 2655-0164 (online); ISSN 2654-8283 (print)) is a national, open access, multidisciplinary, and peer-reviewed journal. We aim to publish research articles and reviews on educative, promotive, preventive and community empowerment activities in the health sector, especially rural area.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 222 Documents
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Cigarette smoking and duration of sun exposure as risk factor for cataract formation Reinne Natali Christine; Abigail Serapina; Gilbert Simanjuntak; Janes Fritz Tan
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57464

Abstract

Cataract is the most common cause of vision loss in Indonesia. It involves many risk factors, such as age, trauma, persistent intra-ocular inflammation, ultraviolet radiation, diabetes mellitus, hypoparathyroidism, prolonged corticosteroid administration, and high body mass index. However, the role of smoking and sun exposure in cataracts has received less attention despite of the high number of cigarette smokers in Indonesia and this country also has strong sunshine all year round. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of cigarette smoking and duration of sun exposure with senile cataracts in Jakarta, Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study without knowing risk factor before. A total of 100 patients participated in this study selected with consecutive sampling technique. They were divided into two groups: first was the case group consisting of 50 subjects aged more than 40 years old and diagnosed with senile cataracts and the second was the control group consisting of subjects aged more than 40 years old without cataract disease. All participants had to complete the questionnaire related to the history of smoking and duration of outdoor activity per day as it related to sun exposure. The sample was taken from the eye screening program in Puskesmas Cawang, East Jakarta. This research discovered a relationship between cigarette smoking and duration of sun exposure more than seven hours per day with the incidence of senile cataract (p=0.001) Statistical tests also showed an association between smoking duration more than 20 years and incidence of senile cataract (OR 7.25, 95% CI: 1.43 - 36.6; p = 0.02). However, the results revealed that there was no relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked per day with the incidence of senile cataract (p = 0.915). Overall, cigarette smoking and its duration appear to increase the risk of senile cataract formation.
School reopening: Evidence-based recommendations during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia Raden Yuli Kristiyanto; Lily Chandra; Hermawan Hanjaya; Mohamad Saifuddin Hakim; Dian Kesumapramudya Nurputra
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 4, No 1 (2021): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57524

Abstract

Since the first Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) case was reported, it has run amok and caused global changes. It has affected human lives in almost every aspect, including education. In response to COVID-19, governments and policy-makers decided to shift the educational activities into online learning and institute school closure. As of March 2020, many countries worldwide have implemented school closure, including Indonesia. Large scale social distancing and stay-at-home policies have begun to negatively impact society’s physical and mental health. As people start to adapt to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, policy-makers and the government need to consider how to reopen the schools and its system to keep students and staff safe. School reopening is an important step toward loosening the lockdown. Schools play a crucial role in preserving children's well-being. The objective of this review was to give a recommendation to facilitate school reopening. Research articles were gathered and assessed based on the themes of the articles. Forty articles were found reflecting SARS-CoV-2 and school reopening. Findings were adapted and modified according to Indonesian situations during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Indonesia is currently preparing the first steps toward school reopening. For schools to be reopened, there are several health measurements that need to be considered. A good collaboration between various authorities and stakeholders is essential in school reopening so that children’s safety and disease mitigation strategies remain stable. This review presents insights and recommendations for every element involved in school safety including the government, schools, teachers, parents and students including what each needs to do to prepare in advance for the up-coming decision to reopen schools. 
The development of GAMA Swab sampling chamber for walk-through sampling in patients with COVID-19 at Gadjah Mada Hospital Hera Nirwati; Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih; Siswanto Siswanto; Mahatma Sotya Bawono; Titien Budhiaty; Setyawan Bekti Wibowo; Raden Sumiharto
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57547

Abstract

Collecting swab samples from the nasopharynx and oropharynx of patients with COVID-19 is essential in detecting SARS-CoV-2. This procedure potentially produces sufficient droplets. Since SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through droplets, swab sampling has to be done carefully to prevent the risk of transmission to healthcare workers or the cross-contamination to the environment. The GAMA Swab Sampling Chamber (GSSC) is a positive-pressure chamber designed for collecting swab samples involving the healthcare worker positioned inside, while the patient is outside the chamber. The chamber is designed to minimize the risk of aerosol exposure to the healthcare worker due to leakage or when opening or closing the door. Accordingly, the healthcare worker does not need to use complete personal protective equipment (PPE) as they do when collecting swab samples without the chamber. After several tests to check the safety and the chamber’s function, the GSSC was used at Gadjah Mada Hospital. This chamber had been used to swab 51 asymptomatic patients, 72 suspected patients, and 284 voluntary persons for ten weeks. The results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) examination of all samples from asymptomatic patients were negative, while 2 of 72 suspected patients (2.8%) and 4 of 284 voluntary persons (1.4%) had positive RT-PCR results. The use of GSSC can simplify the swab sampling, also reduces the need for PPE usage and a negative pressure isolation room which are limited in the current pandemic situation.
Exploration of unhealthy food consumption patterns in Sleman region by interprofessional undergraduate health students Lastdes Cristiany Friday; Doni Widyandana; Nandyan Nurlaksana Wilastonegoro; Fitriana Fitriana; Dessy Christine Hosianna; Haidar Zain; Indah Dwi Setyaningrum; Gandes Retno Rahayu
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57717

Abstract

Despite the average life expectancy of Indonesian people increasing from 63.63 in 1990 to 71.69 in 2016, the gap of life expectancy and healthy age life expectancy also increased from 7.49 to 8.72. RISKESDAS (2018) further highlighted that the proportion of Indonesian people with a healthy diet was poor. These data challenged us to implement an outreach program, Community and Family Health Care – Interprofessional Education (CFHC-IPE), involving our medicine, nursing and nutrition students for assisting families and communities with an aim of improving the population health status. Thus, we assessed their baseline status, in particular, people’s dietary habits. We attached batch 2015 and 2016 students to 465 households with 1,254 family members. We deployed them to 15 different sub-villages in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. Students surveyed the families and put the data in family folders during field visits in 2018 – 2019. Our focus was to seek eating patterns of the families and performed descriptive analysis of socio-demographic aspects within those with certain dietary habits using chi-squared tests. Of the 1,254 family members, those who routinely consume fried, sweetened, contained preservatives and grilled foods were 70.14%, 61.00%, 38.13%, and 20.08%, respectively. We found the adults tend to consume more sweetened foods and beverages along with grilled foods compared to the elderly, and the differences of proportions are statistically significant. The CFHC-IPE program partner families were often not realizing that a combination of their dietary habits, in particular, the consumption of fried and sweetened meals might result in threats to the family members’ health. Fried foods were the most routinely consumed followed by sweetened food, grilled foods and foods containing preservatives. These patterns were also the same in both urban and rural settings.
Motivation and compliance to type 2 diabetes mellitus diet Deshita Rimadania; Eka Afrima Sari; Citra Windani Mambang Sari
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 4, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57838

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of chronic diseases resulting from decreased insulin production and is characterized by an increase in glucose in the blood. Dietary adherence is one of the effective managements that can control blood sugar levels. This management requires supporting factors and one of them is motivation. This research aimed to describe the motivation and dietary compliance of patients with type 2 DM at the working area of Puskesmas Padalarang. This quantitative descriptive research used a cross-sectional approach. The samples were selected using proportional random sampling techniques. This study used the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) with the validity score 0.4821 and a diet adherence questionnaire with the validity score 0.4732. The results showed that the internal motivation of respondents was a good internal motivation with 33.3% and 66.7% had low motivation. Only 2.2% had good external motivation and almost all respondents had a low external motivation with 97.8%. Meanwhile, there were only 3.3% with a good level of adherence, 94.4% with a sufficient level of adherence and 2.2% had a poor level of diet adherence. Therefore, it is expected for Puskesmas to implement more motivational interviewing therapy to increase motivation and diet adherence in type 2 DM patients.
Impact of COVID-19 on primary care visits: lesson learnt from the early pandemic period Sholahuddin Rhatomy; Thomas Edison Prasetyo
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57918

Abstract

In Indonesia, primary healthcare facilities play important roles in disease control and prevention. Changes in healthcare seeking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially to primary care, might have impacts to the overall public health status. This comparative epidemiology study aimed to investigate the changes of healthcare seeking behavior in primary care settings during the early pandemic period. Weekly number of visits to a primary healthcare facility in Klaten, Indonesia was examined from the 1st week of 2018 –through the 25th week of 2020. The selected period affected early by COVID-19 in 2020 was defined (early pandemic period) and compared to the same corresponding period in 2019 (comparison period). The total number of patient visits, number of visits by age, gender, clinical decisions, patient status and diagnostic categories were obtained, compared and analyzed. Mean differences and prevalence ratio of a specific diagnostic category between the two periods were calculated. The lowest period was from weeks 14 – 21, 2020, which we identified as the early pandemic period. Comparing the early pandemic period to the comparison period, we found that there was 46.3% decrease of total number of visits. The decline was especially apparent for children aged 0-9 (71%), females (46%), registered patients (49%) and outpatients (48%). Most of diagnostic categories also saw declines. Unfortunately, patients with hypertension also saw notable decline in mean differences and prevalence ratio albeit not desirable. In conclusion, some declines in the number of visits were not desirable including decreasing hypertension visit. This trend might negatively impact public health status afterward. Proper countermeasures are needed to control the ongoing trend. Further studies regarding the impact of COVID-19 on treatment seeking behavior is needed to plan effective countermeasures.
Barrier to health protocol adherence during exercise among youth in the COVID-19 pandemic era Fitrawan Silvano; Amila Yashifa; Daniel Simada Pandapotan Saragih; Claudia Gunawan; Aningdyanungtias Inas Wuragil; Resa Paksi Mandariska; Supriyati Supriyati
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 4, No 1 (2021): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.58535

Abstract

Physical inactivity is one of the non-communicable disease risk factors. This study discusses how the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has increased the leisure time, including among youth. The health promotion to improve the physical activities of youth is needed. This study aimed to analyze the level of compliance among Indonesian people particularly the young adults towards health protocol during exercise and conduct an intervention accordingly. This study used an action research design, with consecutive sampling. Respondents were Indonesian young adults who exercise outside of their homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 361 Indonesian young adults aged 18-25 years old, who exercise during the pandemic inside and/or outside the home, and willing to answer the questionnaire completed the online questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed from the six health protocols’ criteria from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Data analysis used chi-squared tests. Furthermore, a short video was developed according to the main research findings and published on Instagram TV as a health intervention to the respondents. The results showed that the level of compliance among Indonesian young adults toward health protocol during exercise was low (24.1%). Moreover, only 35.3% of respondents applied physical distancing and 48.7% of respondents wore masks during at low-moderate intensity exercise. There was no significant association between gender, exercise intensity, and perception of the health protocol and the compliance of health protocol during exercise. In addition, the audience response toward the video campaign about health protocol during exercise was good with more than 1,000 views, 166 likes, and 50 comments. This study concluded that health promotion media that were developed based on the needs assessment results were effective to reach the target audiences.
The COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on sub-urban society in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A qualitative study Bayu Fandhi Achmad; Shalmannuary Nisya Allquarismy; Siska Pratiwi; Yohannes Aruna Kertiyasa; Dewanggani Kirana; Dhyanti Mutiasari; Vineshankar Ravichandar; Yosafat Budiharjo Santoso Simanungkalit; Dionisia Setya; Farah Nabila Firry; Syaiful Ghozali; Wahida Yuyun Suciati
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 4, No 1 (2021): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.60275

Abstract

Indonesia is the country which has the most COVID-19 cases in South East Asia. The COVID-19 pandemic is causing serious psychological, social, and economic impacts particularly on the sub-urban society. This study aimed to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sub-urban society in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study used a hermeneutics phenomenological approach. that enrolled seven participants who reside in the sub-urban area of Yogyakarta province in June 2020. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants through Whatsapp mobile application and analyzed using interpretive phenomenological methods. Results showed that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic can be summarized into three themes. First, the impacts include negative emotions that arise due to psychosomatic symptoms, fear of losing loved ones, stereotypes and anxiety concerning contracting COVID-19 infection; Second, limited social interaction in the community and strict travel restrictions; and third, job and income losses including layoffs from work and fear of not being able to meet family basic needs. The COVID-19 pandemic is causing several serious impacts involving psychological, social, and economic concerns that are disrupting the sub-urban society. Individual coping and family support are needed in the current situation.
Caregiver’s burden and age are related determinants to quality of life in people with dementia Resa Budi Deskianditya; Astuti Astuti; Yudiyanta Yudiyanta
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 4, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.60432

Abstract

Dementia is a degenerative disease with poor prognosis. People with dementia will depend on their caregivers. Care for dementia patients aims to promote or preserve their quality of life. Identification of the factors that affect (determinants) the quality of life of people with dementia is required, and caregiver determinants are proven to play a role. The caregiver’s role could affect the frequency and variety of therapy. Long-term cognitive and physical disability in people with dementia further develops the caregiver’s burden. This study aimed to assess the determinants of caregivers which have a relation with the quality of life in people with dementia. This cross-sectional study involved subjects who are dementia patients at the Memory Clinic of Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia and fulfilled the inclusion criteria and did not meet the exclusion criteria. Subjects and caregivers were interviewed and helped to complete several questionnaires, including the DEMQOL, ZBI, and GDS. Analysis within variables was performed using Pearson, Mann-Whitney, and T-tests, followed by a multivariate linear regression analysis. As many as 76 people with dementia were included, with the majority having the diagnosis of vascular dementia (53.9%), and the average DEMQOL Career score was 80.58 + 17.62 and 81.82 + 20.80 for DEMQOL Proxy. Bivariate correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the caregiver’s age, gender, family relation, burden (ZBI), and depression (GDS) with the quality of life people with dementia (p <0.05). In the multivariate analysis, caregiver’s age was related to the quality of life of people with dementia based on DEMQOL Career (B =0.270; p =0.001) and DEMQOL Proxy (B =0.271; p =0.001) and the caregiver burden was related to the quality of life of people with dementia based on DEMQOL Career (B =-0.629; p =0.000) and DEMQOL Proxy (B =-0.661; p =0.000). In conclusion, the determinants of caregiver that are significantly related to quality of life in people with dementia are caregiver’s burden and age.
Clinical findings in determining referral criteria for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients at a makeshift isolation center of Bekasi, West Java Stefi Geovani Valentin Hayon; Florentina Priscilia; Hariri -
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 4, No 1 (2021): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.60831

Abstract

COVID-19 has become a pandemic concern with the clinical manifestations ranging for asymptomatic to severe organ failure. Early contact tracing and isolation are important keys to slow the infection spread within communities. Clinical triage and early recognition of warning signs on admission are needed to classify patients based on clinical severity. Due to the limited capacity of hospital settings for COVID-19 patients, a makeshift isolation center is needed for all confirmed and suspected cases with mild or no symptoms who will be provided with basic medical care, frequent monitoring, and rapid referrals. During observations, the physician needs to raise early alertness of the patient who is at risk to develop a worse outcome. This study reports five cases of patients who came with mild or no symptoms at initial presentation and developed into worsening disease progression after several days of observation. These patients developed shortness of breath, fatigue, abdominal disturbances, and chest pain. These findings were supported by the physical examinations that showed a decrease in blood oxygen saturation. Similarly, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for the early warning signs, these patients were referred to the hospital-based isolation setting that could provide more advanced and optimal management. This study describes clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients to decide the ideal time for referral.

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