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<![CDATA[DIGITAL KERYGMA: REEVALUASI TEOLOGIS DAN STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI VISUAL DALAM MENGHADAPI FRAGMENTASI INFORMASI DI MEDIA SOSIAL ]]>
<![CDATA[Soewarto Tjokrohandoko]]>;
<![CDATA[Gidion Gidion]]>
<![CDATA[ Manna Rafflesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu ]]>
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DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v12i2.692
<![CDATA[The development of the digital ecosystem has reconstructed the information consumption patterns of society, yet church institutions tend to be trapped in the phenomenon of ecclesiological lag. This study aims to critically evaluate the church's technocentric stuttering and formulate theological teaching strategies that are relevant while remaining faithful to the authority of Biblical revelation. Using a qualitative approach with an interpretive netnographic design, this research dissects the dialectic between the production of theological content and the reflective response patterns of audiences on video-based social media platforms. The results indicate that the current use of technology by the church is still pragmatic-instrumental, resulting in a reduction of pedagogical depth amidst information fragmentation. As a theoretical and practical solution, this study offers the Digital Kerygma framework through a Tiered Digital Pedagogy model. This model integrates three fundamental principles: Visual Theology as a hermeneutical tool, Narrative Theology as an existential bridge, and Reflective Fragmentation as a meaning condensation strategy. These findings confirm that the effectiveness of digital theological teaching is not determined by the duration of exposure, but by kerygmatic density, which is capable of transforming information fragments into cognitive initiation toward deep and sustainable spiritual formation.]]>
<![CDATA[MAKNA TEOLOGIS AZAZEL DALAM IMAMAT 16: ANALISIS RITUAL PENDAMAIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERJANJIAN LAMA ]]>
<![CDATA[Rinto Francius Sirait]]>;
<![CDATA[Martina Novalina]]>
<![CDATA[ Manna Rafflesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu ]]>
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DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v12i2.694
<![CDATA[The Day of Atonement in Leviticus 16 occupies a central position in the Israelite cultic system as a means of restoring the relationship between YHWH and His people. One of the most problematic elements in this ritual is the identity and function of Azazel, which only appears in this context and opens up a wide range of interpretations. The ambiguity of Azazel's meaning creates hermeneutical tension because it has implications for the understanding of sin and the value of atonement. In ancient Israeli liturgical practice, the symbols of the wilderness and the goat for Azazel continue to spark debate. This indicates the need for an integrative reading of the atonement ritual. This study aims to analyse the theological meaning of Azazel in Leviticus 16 as a symbol of chaos subject to the sovereignty of YHWH. The method used is a literature study with a grammatical-historical exegetical approach. The results of the study show that Azazel in Leviticus 16 cannot be reduced to a mere demonological figure or a topographical reference, but rather a cosmological symbol that connects the spiritual dimension, liminal space, and the reality of sin. The ritual of transferring sin through goats to Azazel reveals a mechanism for eliminating impurity from the community to a realm of chaos that lies outside the sacred order. Through this structure, Levitical theology affirms that all space, including marginal areas, remains under the absolute sovereignty of YHWH, so that atonement is understood as a comprehensive cosmic restoration.]]>
<![CDATA[MEMBANGUN SENSE OF COHERENCE ANAK DIFABEL: PERSPEKTIF TEOLOGI IMAGO DEI BERDASARKAN KEJADIAN 1:26-27 ]]>
<![CDATA[Zinzendorf R A Dachi]]>
<![CDATA[ Manna Rafflesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu ]]>
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DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v12i2.695
<![CDATA[Children with disabilities have difficulty actualizing themselves in independence and interacting with their peers. Life experiences involving emotions such as self-actualization, understanding the meaning of life and readiness to interact with physical, mental, and intellectual disabilities often cause children to become easily angered and emotionally unstable. Negative reactions from the environment and discriminatory treatment make children with disabilities tend to withdraw, leading to a negative self-concept, feeling stupid, strange, and useless. According to Aaron Anthonovsky's solutogenesis theory, this can be restored if children with disabilities have a strong sense of coherence. This study aims to find out how to build a sense of coherence in children with disabilities from a theological perspective. A descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach was carried out to examine aspects of the sense of coherence and theological principles from the teaching of humans as the image and likeness of God in Genesis 1:26-27. The findings obtained that the aspects of understanding, manageability, and meaningfulness which are components of the sense of coherence can be strengthened through teaching humans as the image and likeness of God to build a sense of coherence in children with disabilities. The novelty of this research lies in the reconceptualization of the identity of children with disabilities from merely being objects of service to becoming subjects who have a strong sense of coherence based on the theological understanding of imago Dei.]]>
<![CDATA[DEKONSTRUKSI NARASI PENAKLUKAN: KONSTRUKSI MODEL MISI INKLUSIF BERBASIS MISSIO DEI DALAM BINGKAI INKLUSIVITAS BUDAYA NUSANTARA ]]>
<![CDATA[Noh Ruku]]>;
<![CDATA[Galuh Pandandari]]>
<![CDATA[ Manna Rafflesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): April ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu ]]>
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DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v12i2.706
<![CDATA[This article critically examines the transformation of Christian mission paradigms from expansion-oriented approaches toward dialogical and relational models within the plural context of the Indonesian archipelago. The study addresses the gap between global developments in missiology and the lack of contextual mission models rooted in Nusantara’s socio-cultural realities. Using a qualitative theological literature review and conceptual analysis, this research engages key frameworks such as missio Dei, contextual theology, and interfaith dialogue. The findings demonstrate that contemporary mission should be understood as participatory involvement in God’s redemptive work through relational presence, cultural embodiment, and social engagement. Based on this analysis, the study proposes an inclusive mission model grounded in local culture, consisting of three dimensions: incarnational, dialogical, and transformational. This model provides a theological and operational framework for churches in Indonesia to develop culturally sensitive mission practices, foster interreligious relationships, and actively contribute to social transformation within plural societies. The novelty of this study lies in its systematic integration of global missiological discourse with the socio-cultural context of Nusantara.]]>
<![CDATA[Emotional Intelligence And Gratitude In Luke 17:11–19: Implications For Strengthening The Spirituality Of Pastoral Ministry ]]>
<![CDATA[Innawati Teddywono]]>;
<![CDATA[Harianto GP]]>
<![CDATA[ Manna Rafflesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Oktober ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu ]]>
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DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v13i1.470
<![CDATA[Emotional intelligence plays a significant role in human experience, influencing behavior and ethical conduct. Gratitude extends beyond interpersonal interactions to include religious dimensions, such as thankfulness to a higher power, which reflects a fundamental element of faith and religious practice. The purpose of this study is to explore and understand the relationship between gratitude and emotional intelligence within the specific context of the narrative of Luke 17:11–19, in order to strengthen the spirituality of pastoral ministers. This study employs a qualitative literature review approach, drawing upon findings from recent scholarly journal publications. The results emphasize the importance of integrating teachings on gratitude into religious practice and exploring the potential of spirituality as a source of strength in fostering the spiritual growth of pastoral ministers. This study is expected to make a significant contribution to the development of emotional intelligence theory and its application in both psychological and theological practice.]]>
<![CDATA[Eco-Friendly Evangelism By William Carey ]]>
<![CDATA[Sabda Budiman]]>;
<![CDATA[Andrew Brake]]>
<![CDATA[ Manna Rafflesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Oktober ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu ]]>
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DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v13i1.509
<![CDATA[William Carey, known as the father of modern missions, provided an innovative view by integrating ecological principles in evangelistic practices. This research method uses a qualitative approach with historical analysis and literature study to understand how Carey connected missions and ecology. The research found that Carey established an experimental chili garden, formed the Agricultural and Horticultural Society, and promoted local plant development and indigenous engagement in mission and ecological endeavors. Carey's ecological approach shows that general revelation can lead to special revelation, and the ecomissioning approach, which integrates environmental mission with evangelism, is relevant in today's context. The implementation of ecomissionology in Indonesia shows the potential to be a bridge for cultural and religious diversity, and to support environmental stewardship as a form of living gospel proclamation. The research concludes that Carey's holistic approach can bring shalom across the board, combining spiritual endeavors with environmental responsibility as part of a broader Christian mission.]]>
<![CDATA[Metafora Teologis Regulasi Diri Semut (Amsal 6:6-9) Sebagai Strategi Penanganan Prokrastinasi Akademik Mahasiswa ]]>
<![CDATA[Ferdinan Pasaribu]]>;
<![CDATA[Benget Parningotan]]>
<![CDATA[ Manna Rafflesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Oktober ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu ]]>
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DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v13i1.522
<![CDATA[The behavior of inhibiting work, known as procrastination, is a negative behavior. Procrastination often contributes to poor outcomes in various aspects of life. This phenomenon is generally caused by a lack of self-regulation. This research aims to explore the life of ants (Proverbs 6: 6-9) as an example of a creature that shows self-regulation, and apply it in the context of preventing and handling procrastination behavior among students, with a focus on developing self-regulation as a student. The method used in this research is library research, which involves analysis of literature related to procrastination, self-regulation, and exegesis of ant behavior. The research results show that ants are one of the animals that have self-regulation. Ants do not show procrastination behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded that self-regulation in ants can be used as an example as a step to overcome students' procrastination attitudes. As a recommendation, future researchers can investigate further about the social life of ants which tend to form groups, cooperation, and the meaning of the interaction of ants kissing each other when they meet.]]>
<![CDATA[Pendekatan Konseling Indigenous Berbasis Falsafah “Torang Samua Basudara” ]]>
<![CDATA[Julio Eleazer Nendissa]]>;
<![CDATA[Rosdinar Pangaribuan]]>;
<![CDATA[Yosafat Gratia Prasetyo]]>
<![CDATA[ Manna Rafflesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Oktober ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu ]]>
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DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v13i1.584
<![CDATA[This study explores a counseling approach based on the philosophy of “Torang Samua Basudara” (We Are All Brothers), which originates from the Minahasa culture. This study stems from the need to integrate local cultural values into counseling practices, especially in communities that uphold kinship and togetherness. Using qualitative methods and a literature review approach, this study collected data through a literature review of the philosophy. The results show that this approach can create an inclusive and empathetic space for dialogue and strengthen social relationships within the community. The discussion emphasizes that the values of togetherness, equality, and respect in this philosophy can be an effective basis for more contextual counseling practices. In conclusion, this indigenous approach not only has strong cultural relevance but also contributes to the development of counseling theory and practice in Indonesia. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of local philosophy into the counseling framework, which has rarely been studied, thus opening up opportunities for the development of more adaptive and sustainable counseling models.]]>
<![CDATA[Tinjauan Teologis Terhadap Perceraian Karena Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga ]]>
<![CDATA[Murni Hermawaty Sitanggang]]>;
<![CDATA[Pestaria Happy Kristiana]]>
<![CDATA[ Manna Rafflesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Oktober ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu ]]>
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DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v13i1.608
<![CDATA[This article examines whether domestic violence (hereinafter abbreviated to DV) can be used as a reason for Christian divorce. The goal is to provide a complete perspective on problems in Christian marriage. The research was conducted using descriptive analysis methods. The author collects various data to give a real picture of how domestic violence can be a real threat to the victim and then analyzes it biblically. The conclusion is that, like adultery, domestic violence is a violation of the sanctity of marriage, so that it can be used as a basis for divorce. We need to avoid an unbalanced theological understanding, which only focuses on maintaining marriage but ignores the suffering of domestic violence victims.]]>
<![CDATA[Refleksi Teologi Kovenan pada Sakramen Perjamuan Kudus dan Implikasinya dalam Kehidupan Rohani Jemaat ]]>
<![CDATA[Dolf Tiyono]]>;
<![CDATA[Daniel Pesah Purwonugroho]]>;
<![CDATA[Didit Yuliantono Adi]]>
<![CDATA[ Manna Rafflesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Oktober ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu ]]>
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DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v13i1.611
<![CDATA[Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper through the lens of covenant theology, addressing the common tendency to reduce it to a mere liturgical or symbolic memorial. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review and thematic-theological analysis, the study reveals that the Lord’s Supper serves as the actualization and seal of the covenant of grace, bridging the Old and New Testaments with Christ as the perfect mediator. Theologically, the sacrament acts as a means of grace that restores vertical communion with God while strengthening horizontal relationships among believers. Its practical implications encompass the renewal of covenantal commitment, transformative repentance, and the deepening of solidarity and mutual accountability within the Body of Christ. The research's novelty lies in its integrative framework connecting systematic covenant theology with sacramental practice, providing a solid foundation for contemporary Eucharistic spirituality and communal ethics.]]>
