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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KAPAS MELALUI PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PENGENDALIAN HAMA TERPADU (PHT) TIRTOSUPROBO, SUPRIADI; HARTONO, JOKO HARTONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 2 (2006): JUNI 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (182.913 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n2.2006.52-57

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan di Desa Pongkah, Kecamatan Tellusiatinge,Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan, bulan April sampai dengan Nopember2001. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk (a) mengetahui besarnya biayaproduksi dan pendapatan usahatani kapas antara petani kapas binaan danpetani kapas non binaan, (b) mengetahui tingkat adopsi teknologi padausahatani kapas binaan, dan (c) mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi dalamproses adopsi teknologi PHT yang dianjurkan. Lokasi penelitian dipilihsecara sengaja (purposive) dengan pertimbangan bahwa Kabupaten Bonemerupakan salah satu sentra produksi kapas di Sulawesi Selatan. Duaperlakuan yang dibandingkan terdiri dari petani kapas peserta PHT sebagaipetani kapas binaan ditentukan secara sengaja sebanyak 87 petani padahamparan lahan kering seluas 51 ha. Sebagai pembanding diambil secaraacak sederhana (simple random sampling) sebanyak 60 petani kapas nonbinaan dengan luas lahan 33 ha. Komponen teknologi yang dianjurkanpada petani PHT adalah : (a) benih kapas tanpa kabu-kabu, (b) tanamkapas varietas toleran wereng (Kanesia 7), (c) tanam tepat waktu, (d)penanaman jagung sebagai perangkap hama, (e) penggunaan serasah, (f)konservasi gulma penarik parasitoid, dan (g) penyemprotan berdasar hasilpanduan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi : (1) populasi arthropodaperusak dan berguna, (2) biaya saprodi dan tenaga kerja, (3) hasil kapasberbiji, (4) tingkat adopsi teknologi, (5) kendala penerapan teknologi PHT.Data di analisis menggunakan model analisis diskriptif dan usahatanienterprise. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi predator padaserasah di areal kapas binaan mencapai 178,57 ekor per 0,35m 3 onggokanserasah, dan populasi pada tanaman kapas 11,62 ekor per 25 tanamankapas. Produksi kapas berbiji yang diperoleh petani binaan dan petani nonbinaan masing-masing sebesar 1435 kg/ha dan 588 kg/ha, denganpendapatan atas biaya tunai masing-masing sebesar Rp. 2.330.648 dan Rp.279.273. Tingkat adopsi petani dalam penerapan teknologi PHT barumencapai 70%. Secara umum kendala yang dihadapi adalah (1) petanimasih belum menguasai teknologi bertanam kapas, termasuk teknologiPHT karena minimnya ketersediaan modal, (2) benih yang ditanam petanidaya tumbuhnya hanya 20-40%, dan (3) petani menghendaki harga kapastinggi.Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, adopsi teknologi, pendapatanABSTRACTIncreasing production and farmer’s income throughintegrated pest management applicationThis research was conducted in Pongkah, Tellusiatinge District,Bone, South Sulawesi from April to November 2001. The aims of thisresearch were to (a) determine the production cost and income from cottoncultivation between the trained cotton farmer and non-trained cottonfarmer, and (b) determine the level of technology adoption among thetrained cotton farmers and (c) investigate constraints in adopting thetechnology of integrated pest management (IPM) which had beensuggested for the implementation by the farmers. The location waspurposively selected based on the consideration that the Bone regency wasone of the main area of cotton cultivation in the South Sulawesi. Twogroups were compared in this study. These groups were 87 trained farmerswho cultivated 51 hectares of dry field and 60 non-trained farmers, whocultivated 33 hectares of dry field. The technology implemented by thetrained farmers were (a) the use of delinted seed , (b) the use of resistantcotton variety to Sundapteryx biguttula (Kanesia 7), (c) timely planting,(d) planting corn to trap the pest, (e) using mulch (corn stalk waste), (f)conservation of weeds to attracts parasitoid, and (g) insecticide sprayingbased on scouting system. The data gathered in this study included: (1)population of arthropods, both pest and non-pest, (2) the cost of productionand labor, (3) the yield of cotton, (4) the level of technology adoption, and(5) the constraints in adopting PHT technology. The data were analyzedusing descriptive analysis and farming enterprise. The results of theanalysis showed that the population of predators on the mulch in the fieldcultivated by trained farmers was 178.57insects 0.35 m 3 and in non-trainedfarmer field was 11.62 insects/25 plants. The yields of cotton betweentrained and non-trained farmers was 1435 kg/ha and 55 kg/ha, resulting incash income of Rp. 2,330,648.00 and Rp. 279,273.00. The level oftechnology adoption for trained farmers was 70 percent and the constraintswere: (1) lack of knowledge in applying PHT technology due toinsufficient capital, (2) germination rate of seeds planted by non-trainedfarmers was only 20-40 percent, (3) the low price of cotton.Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, technology adoption, income
PRODUKTIVITAS SIFAT KIMIA DAGING DAN AIR BUAH ENAM JENIS KELAPA HIBRIDA ELSJE T. TENDA; H. G. LENGKEY; MIFTAHORRACHMAN MIFTAHORRACHMAN; HELDERING TAMPAKE
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 5, No 2 (1999): September, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2484.032 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v5n2.1999.39-45

Abstract

Productivity, chemical characteristics of coconut meat and water of six coconut hybridsThis research was conducted in Kima Atas Research Station-North Sulawesi for 10 years (1988-1998). The altitude is 80 meters above sea level, with soil type young vulcanic and climate type Ri Oldeman. The ield experiment was designed as a randomized block design with 5 replications, the number of palms was each 12 for treatment planted at 9 m x 9 m tiangle. The treatment consisted of six hybrids viz: Raja Dwarf (GRA) x Mapanget Tall (DMT), Bali Yellow Dwarf (GKB) x Mapanget Tall (DMT), Bali Yellow Dwarf (GKB) x Takome Tall (DTE), Nias Yellow Dwarf (GKN) x Takome Tall (DTF), and GKN x DTA (Khina-1) with GKN x WAT (PB-121) as control. The observation was done on the time of lowering, coconut and copra production, resistence to Phytophthora and chemical characteistics of coconut meat and water. The results of the expeiment showed that the time of lowering of GRA x DMT, GKB x DMT and GKN x DTE hybrids were not sipificantly diferent from with Khrna-I and PB-121 as control. At the 9* year, the nuts production per palm per year of GKN x DTE and GKB x DTE hybids were higher compared to other hybrids, but from the 8-9* years. the copra production of four hybrids were higher than PB-121 and Khina-I. The hybrids GRA x DMT and GKB x DTE wee more esistant to Phytophthora. The protein and oil content per palm of four hybids and Khina-1 wee better than that of PB-121.
PENGARUH PUPUK K TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, HASIL DAN MUTU RIMPANG JAHE MUDA (Zingiber officinale Rocs.) RAHARDJO, MONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (133.721 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.10-16

Abstract

ABSTRAKKalium merupakan unsur hara yang paling banyak diserap olehtanaman jahe dibandingkan N dan P. Produktivitas tanaman akan menurunapabila kekurangan unsur hara K, karena K mempunyai fungsi pentingpada proses fotosintesis, aktifitas enzim, metabolisme karbohidrat, proteindan sebagai transport ion. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun PercobaanSukamulya sejak Januari sampai Mei 2010. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk KCl terhadap pertumbuhan,hasil, serapan hara, dan mutu rimpang jahe muda. Perlakuan disusundalam rancangan acak kelompok dan diulang 4 kali. Perlakuan yangdicoba terdiri atas delapan perlakuan pupuk KCl yaitu; 0, 50, 100, 150,200, 250, 300, dan 350 kg/ha. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah 50 x 60cm, dengan populasi 100 tanaman/plot. Contoh tanaman diambil padaumur 4 BST, sebanyak 5 tanaman setiap satuan perlakuan. Peubah yangdiamati adalah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, bobot segar rimpang,bobot kering rimpang dan tanaman, kadar minyak atsiri, pati, serat, haraN, P dan K. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman, bobotsegar rimpang, bobot kering batang+daun dan bobot kering rimpangmeningkat secara nyata dengan meningkatnya perlakuan pupuk KCl.Tinggi tanaman, bobot segar rimpang, bobot kering batang+daun tertinggidicapai pada perlakuan pupuk KCl dosis 350 kg/ha, masing-masing adalah86,88 cm, 272,51 g/tanaman, dan 27,46 g/tanaman. Peningkatan bobotkering batang+daun dan bobot segar rimpang berkorelasi positif denganmeningkatnya pemupukan KCl sampai dosis 350 kg/ha, membentukpersamaan linier (r = 0,610 tn dan 0,643 tn ) dengan tingkat kepercayaanmasing-masing P = 0,987** dan 0,99**. Kadar serat rimpang meningkatmembentuk persamaan kuadratik (R 2 = 0,792*) dengan peningkatanpemupukan KCl sampai dosis 350 kg/ha, dengan tingkat kepercayaan P =0,997**. Serapan hara N, P dan K berkorelasi positif dengan peningkatanpemupukan KCl sampai dosis 350 kg/ha. Serapan N membentukpersamaan linier (r = 0,541 tn ) dengan tingkat kepercayaan P = 0,977**,serapan P membentuk persamaan kuadratik (R 2 = 0,798*) dengan tingkatkepercayaan P = 0,992**, dan serapan K membentuk persamaan kuadratik(R 2 = 0,643 tn ) dengan tingkat kepercayaan P = 0,947**.Kata kunci : Zingiber officinale Rocs., pupuk KCl, pertumbuhan, mutu,hasil jahe mudaABSTRACTPotassium is the nutrient most absorbed by ginger compared to Nand P nutrients. Crop productivity will decline if it lacks of K nutrient,because K has an important function in the photosynthesis of process,enzyme activity, metabolisms of carbohydrates and proteins, and it alsofunctions as an ion transport. A study, conducted at SukamulyaExperimental Station from January to May 2010, aimed at determining theeffect of KCl fertilizer application on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, andquality of young ginger rhizomes. Treatments were arranged in arandomized block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted ofeight KCl fertilizer dosages, namely: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and350 kg/ha. Planting space used was 50 x 60 cm, with plants population of100/plot. Five plants per treatment unit were sampled at the age of 4months after planting. Variables observed were plant height, number oftillers, rhizome fresh weight, dry weights of rhizomes and plants, contentsof essential oil, starch, fiber, and N, P, and K nutrients. The results showedthat plant height, rhizome fresh weight, stems + leaf dry weight, andrhizome dry weight increased significantly in line with the increase in KClfertilizer dosages. The best results of plant height, rhizome fresh weight,and dry weight of stem + leaf were achieved at the highest dosage of KClfertilizer (350 kg/ha). The measures were 86.88 cm, 272.51 g/plant, and27.46 g/plant, respectively. Increase in dry weights of stem + leaf andfresh rhizome were positively correlated with increasing fertilizer dosagesof KCl up to 350 kg/ha, forming a linear equation (r = 0.610 tn and r =0.643 tn ) with P confidence levels of 0.987** and 0.99**, respectively.Increase in fiber content of rhizomes formed a quadratic equation (R 2 =0.792*) by increasing dosages of KCl fertilizer up to 350 kg/ha, with a Pconfidence level of 0.997**. Uptakes of N, P, and K nutrients werepositively correlated with increases in KCl fertilizations up to 350 kg/ha.Uptakes of N nutrient formed a linear equation (r = 0.541 tn ) with a Pconfidence level of 0.977**, P uptakes formed a quadratic equation (R 2 =0.798*) with a P confidence level of 0.992**, and uptakes of K alsoformed a quadratic equation (R 2 = 0.643 tn ) with a P confidence level of0.947**.Key words: Zingiber officinale Rocs., KCl fertilizer, growth, quality,young ginger rizhome
PERBAIKAN REKOMENDASI PAKET PHT UNTUK PENGENDALIAN HAMA Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. PADA TANAMAN KAPAS SKI HADIYANI; DA SUNARTO; A. A A. GOTHAMA; S. A. WAHYUNI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 2 (2003): Juni, 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1536.167 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n2.2003.63-69

Abstract

Rekomendasi pengendalian hama terpadu (PUT) hama utama lanaman kapas, akan tetapi secara tcknis dan ekonomis masih sulit diterapkan oleh petani. Unluk memperbaiki rekomendasi itu maka dikaji efisiensi pemanfaatan parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea armigera N&N. HeUcoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (//oNPV). dan insektisida nabati serbuk biji mimba (SBM) terhadap // armigera. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada musim lanam 199899 di kebun Instalasi Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, Asembagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Rancangan penelitian adalah acak kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan, dan 3 ulangan Ukuran plot adalah 50 m x 50 m Pada rekomendasi standar rakitan komponen PITT, perlakuan yang ditambahkan adalah (1) penyemprotan SBM. (2) pelepasan T. armigera ■ penyemprotan SBM, (3) pelepasan '/'. armigera ' penyemprotan insektisida kimia, (4) penyemprotan faNPV I penyemprotan insektisida kimia. (5) penyemprotan insektisida kimia, dan (6) lanpa perlakuan (kontrol). Penyemprotan SUM, //oNPV, dan insektisida kimia dilakukan apabila populasi ulat // armigera mencapai ambang pengendalian (4 tanaman lerinfestasi per 25 tanaman). dan pelepasan 7 armigera dilakukan apabila populasi telur //. armigera mencapai ambang pelepasan (25 telur per 25 tanaman) Penyemprotan SBM, pelepasan T. armigera dan penyemprotan //oNPV dapat ditambahkan pada rekomendasi standar rakitan komponen PHT. Penambahan penyemprotan SBM pada rekomendasi standar rakitan komponen PITT adalah paling cisien diantara tiga komponen PITT yang ditambahkan, memberikan eisiensi (Marginal Regional Rate of Return. MRR) scbasar 3.64 dengan produktivitas kapas berbiji 1 562 kgha (meningkatkan 392 kg atau 25%) dan biaya penyemprotan Rp 172 267 (menurun Rp 259 883 atau 60%).Kata Kunci : Azadirachla tndica A. Juss, Trichogrammatoidea armigera N&N, WoNPV, HeUcoverpa armigera Hbn . PITT, Gossypium hirsutum I. ABSTRACT Improved 1PM recomendation package for controlling Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. on cotonAn experimcnl on Ihe use of IPM components for controlling HeUcoverpa armigera Hbn. as ihe pests of cotton was conducted in Asembagus Research Station during cotton planting season 1998/99 Ihe objective of this experiment was to assess the usefulness of Trichogrammatoidea armigera N&N., //oNPV, and botanical insecticide (neem seed powder) in improving the IPM recommendation package, so that it can be adopted by farmers This experiment was arranged in randomized blok design with 6 treatments and 3 replicates. Ihe size of each plot was 50 m X 50 m Ihe treatments comprise: (1) neem spray; (2) T. armigera release neem spray; (3) T. armigera release i insecticide spray; (4) //(A'I'V spray I chemical. (5) chemical; and (6) control (unlrcatment) were added lo the standar IPM recommendation package. Neem, /YoNPV, and chemical spray was done whenever population of H. armigera larvae reached action threshold (4 infected plants 25 plants) and release of T. armigera was done whenever population of H. armigera eggs reached "release threshold" (25 cggs/25 plants) Neem seed powder spray, T. armigera release, and //oNPV spray could be added to (he standar IPM recomendation package. Ihe most efficient among this three components was neem seed powder spray. Which gives eicjency Marginal Rate of Return (MRR) 3 64, cotton seed productivity I 562 kgha (increase 392 kg or 25%) and spraying cost Rp 172 267 (decrease Rp 259 883 or 60%).Key words: Azadirachla indica A. Juss., Trichogrammatoidea armigera N&N, 7/aNPV, Helicoverpa armigera Hbn , IPM, Gossypium hirsutum I.
PENGARUH RETARDAN PACLOBUTRAZOL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TEMU LAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) SELAMA KONSERVASI IN VITRO SYAHID, SITTI FATIMAH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 3 (2007): SEPTEMBER 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (162.456 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n3.2007.93-97

Abstract

ABSTRAKTemu lawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) merupakan salah satu jenistanaman obat potensial untuk dikembangkan. Rimpangnya berguna untukmengobati penyakit hepatitis dan memperbaiki sistem kekebalan tubuh.Untuk mendukung kegiatan plasma nutfah temulawak saat ini telahdilakukan upaya konservasi secara in vitro di laboratorium Kultur JaringanBalai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik, Bogor mulai bulan Juni2005 sampai April 2006. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah matatunas temulawak yang telah tersedia secara in vitro. Media dasar yangdigunakan adalah Murashige dan Skoog (MS) yang diperkaya vitamin darigroup B. Sebagai sumber energi digunakan sukrosa sebanyak 30 g/l.Perlakuan yang diuji adalah beberapa taraf konsentrasi paclobutrazolyaitu: Paclobutrazol 1,0 mg/l; 3,0 mg/l dan 5,0 mg/l. Sebagai kontrol digu-nakan media dasar MS tanpa paclobutrazol. Rancangan yang digunakanadalah acak lengkap dengan tujuh ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalahjumlah tunas, panjang tunas, jumlah daun dan akar pada umur 4 dan 7bulan serta penampilan kultur secara visual. Setelah dikonservasi selamatujuh bulan, maka dilakukan uji regenerasi kultur setelah perlakuanpaclobutrazol ke dalam media MS + BA 0,1 mg/l. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa penggunaan retardan paclobutrazol mampu menekanpertumbuhan kultur dan dapat mengurangi periode sub kultur yangbiasanya setiap dua bulan menjadi tujuh bulan. Konsentrasi paclobutrazol5,0 mg/l merupakan konsentrasi terbaik karena kultur masih mampuberegenerasi normal setelah konservasi. Hasil aklimatisasi plantlet dirumah kaca dapat tumbuh dengan baik. Plantlet tumbuh dan berkembangtanpa menunjukkan adanya penyimpangan dalam penampilan visualnya.Kata kunci: Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, paclobutrazol, konser-vasi regenerasi, in vitro, pertumbuhan, Jawa BaratABSTRACTEffect of paclobutrazol on temulawak growth during invitro conservationTemulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) is one of medicinal plantwhich is potential to be developed. The rhizome is used to heal hepatitisand to improve the imune system of human body. To support themedicinal germplasm conservation, in vitro conservation of temulawakwas conducted in Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian ResearchInstitute for Medicinal and Aromatic, Bogor from June 2005 to April2006. Sterile shoots in vitro were used as plant explants. The basicmedium used was Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplementedwith vitamine from B group. Sucrose as carbon sources, was given 30 g/linto the medium. The treatment tested were several concentrations ofpaclobutrazol: (1) Paclobutrazol 0.0 mg/l; 1.0 mg/l; 3.0 mg/l; dan 5.0 mg/l.The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design withseven replications. The parameters observed were number of shoots, shootlength, number of leaves and roots during conservation. After sevenmonths conserved, shoots were regenerated into regeneration medium.The result showed that paclobutrazol at 5.0 mg/l could reduce the plantgrowth during seven months in conservatioan period and the culture couldregenerate normally after transferring into multiplication medium. Thistechnique can be applied to prolong the conservation culture. Plantlets oftemoe lawak which were acclimatisized in the glass house grew wellwithout any changes in their performance.Key words : Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, paclobutrazol , in vitroconservation, regeneration, growth, West Java
LAJU PERTUMBUHAN INTRINSIK Helopeltis antonii SIGN. PADA BUAH MENTIMUN SEBAGAI PAKAN ALTERNATIF DJATNIKA K.; I. WAYAN LABA; W. R. ATMADJA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 4, No 4 (1998): November, 1998
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1302.795 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v4n4.1998.115-118

Abstract

Intrinsic growth rate of Helopeltis antonii Sign. (Hemip- tera; Miridae) on cucumberfruit as an alternativefoodThe study on the intinsic rate of natural increase of Helopeltis antonii Sign. On cucumber ruit as an alternative food was conducted in the pest and disease Laboratory, Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops Bogor rom January o June 1998. Helopeltis antonii is well known as the pest of cashew, cacao and tea The objectives of the experiment wee to study the reproduction rate and fecundity of H antonii. The insects were collected from the field of cashew tees in Bogor. A pair of newly emerged adult was eleased into a plastic jar containing cucumber fruit. The fruit was changed daily until the insects died. A newly emerged nymph was eaed individually in a plastic cup containing a peace of cucumber ruit which was renew every 2 days. Birch exponential equation: N,=No.e" was used for analyzing data. The results showed that intrinsic rate (r) of//, antonii was 0.106. Net eproduction rate (Rn) was 18.952 times for each generation. The generation period was 27.747 days. The value of finite rate of increase was 1.1 12 times/day. After one month and two months a pair of insect would multiply to 24 and 578 pairs, espectively.
OPTIMASI DAN EVALUASI METODE KRIOPRESERVASI PURWOCENG ROOSTIKA, IKA; DARWATI, IRENG; MEGIA, RITA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 3 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (640.258 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n3.2013.147-157

Abstract

ABSTRAKOptimasi dan evaluasi metode kriopreservasi perlu dilakukan dalammenentukan protokol standar untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang biakanpurwoceng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasiperlakuan pratumbuh, prakultur, dan formulasi media pemulih terhadapdaya tumbuh dan daya regenerasi tunas in vitro dan kalus embriogenikserta untuk mengevaluasi metode kriopreservasi melalui observasimorfologi, anatomi, dan sitologi. Penelitian dilakukan di LaboratoriumKultur Jaringan Kelompok Peneliti Biologi Sel dan Jaringan BB LitbangBiogen pada tahun 2008-2009. Teknik kriopreservasi yang digunakanadalah vitrifikasi (untuk apeks) dan enkapsulasi-vitrifikasi (untuk kalusembriogenik). Pada teknik vitrifikasi, tunas pucuk diberi perlakuanpratumbuh dengan sukrosa (3, 4, 5, dan 6%) selama 1 dan 2 minggu,perlakuan prakultur dilakukan pada media yang mengandung sukrosa 0,3M selama 1 dan 3 hari, perlakuan dehidrasi dengan PVS2 diberikan selama15 dan 30 menit, dan media pemulih yang diujikan adalah media dasar MSatau DKW dengan dan tanpa penambahan adenin sulfat 20 ppm. Padateknik enkapsulasi-vitrifikasi, kalus embriogenik dienkapsulasi terlebihdahulu dengan Na-alginat 3%, perlakuan dehidrasi dengan PVS2 diberikanselama 0, 30, dan 60 menit. Evaluasi metode teknik kriopreservasidilakukan melalui pengamatan morfologi secara visual, anatomi meristemdengan scanning electron microscope (SEM), pengujian viabilitas denganfluorescein diacetate (FDA), dan analisis ploidi secara flowcytometry.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik enkapsulasi-vitrifikasi lebihbaik daripada teknik vitrifikasi untuk kriopreservasi purwoceng. Walaupunpersentase keberhasilan kriopreservasi rendah (10%), kalus embriogenikpurwoceng mampu berproliferasi dan beregenerasi menjadi ribuan embriosomatik dewasa. Evaluasi metode kriopreservasi dengan SEM dan FDAdapat diterapkan untuk memperkirakan keberhasilan teknik kriopreservasisecara dini sedangkan analisis flowcytometry dapat diterapkan untukmenguji stabilitas genetik bahan tanaman pasca-kriopreservasi.Kata kunci: Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., kriopreservasi, SEM, FDA,flowcytometryABSTRACTOptimization and evaluation of cryopreservation methods should beconducted to obtain standard protocol for long term conservation ofpruatjan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect ofcombined treatments of pregrowth, preculture, and recovery media to thesurvival and regeneration rate of in vitro shoots and embryogenic calli andto evaluate the cryopreservation methods by observing the morphological,anatomical, and cytological characters. The techniques of vitrification (forapex) and encapsulation-vitrification (for embryogenic calli) were appliedin this study. On vitrification technique, the apical shoots were pregrownon media containing of 3, 4, 5, and 6% sucrose for 1 and 2 weeks,precultured on media containing of 0,3 M sucrose for 1 and 3 days,dehydrated by PVS2 solution for 15 and 30 minutes, and planted onrecovery media (MS or DKW basal media supplemented with 20 ppmadenine sulphate). On encapsulation-vitrification technique, embryogeniccalli were encapsulated by 3% Na-alginate, dehydrated by PVS2 solutionfor 0, 30, and 60 minutes. The evaluation of cryopreservation methods wasdone through visual observation, SEM analysis, viability test, andflowcytometry determination. The result showed that encapsulation-vitrification was better than vitrification technique for cryopreservation ofpruatjan. The successful rate of this method was low (10%) but theembryogenic calli could proliferate and regenerate into thousands maturesomatic embryos. The evaluation by SEM and FDA can be applied asearly detection to estimate the successful of cryopreservation, whereasflowcytometry  analysis  may  determine  the  genetic  stability  ofcryopreserved materials.Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., cryopreservation, SEM, FDA,flowcytometry
KORELASI SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA TANAH DENGAN INTENSITAS PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG TANAMAN LADA / Correlation of Physical and Chemical Soil Characteristics with Intensity of Foot Rot Disease of Black Pepper La Ode Santiaji Bande; Abdul Wahab; Bambang Hadisutrisno; Susamto Somowiyarjo; Bambang Hendro Sunarminto
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 2 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (975.411 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n2.2016.63-70

Abstract

Foot rot disease of black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici is the most destructive disease in Southeast Sulawesi. The disease intensity is 61.2%. This disease is difficult to control because the pathogen is soil borne and influenced by various complex environmental conditions. The study aimed to determine the correlation of physical and chemical soil characteristics with disease intensity of foot rot of black pepper. Disease intensity was assessed from the subplots of black pepper plantation of 15x15 m2 consisting of 36-40 plants. Soil samples were randomly taken from the rhizosphere of the plants in each sub plot, mixed and taken as a composite. The physical and chemical analyses were conducted in the laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Faculty of Agriculture, Gajah Mada University. Disease intensity and soil characteristics were analyzed its correlation using a path analysis. The results showed that soil fertility in the study area was low. The path analyses indicated that physical and chemical properties that correlated with low disease intensity were high cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), potassium and phosphor available as well as moisture at field capacity, whereas those induced disease development were high content of clay fraction, sand fraction, porosity, total N, C-organic and salinity. The control strategy for foot rot disease in Southeast Sulawesi was possibly by increasing CEC, BS, potassium and phosphor available, as well as by improvement of soil texture that can lower high fraction of clay, sand and soil porosity
HUBUNGAN KEKERABATAN GENETIK ANTAR SEMBILAN AKSESI KELAPA ASAL PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA TENDA, ELSJE; TULALO, MEITY; MIFTAHORRACHMAN, MIFTAHORRACHMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 3 (2009): September 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n3.2009.139-144

Abstract

ABSTRAKInformasi jarak genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan sangatdiperlukan dalam merakit varietas unggul. Semakin jauh jarak genetikantar tetua maka peluang dihasilkan kultivar baru dengan variabilitasgenetik yang luas akan menjadi semakin besar. Sebaliknya, persilanganantar tetua berkerabat dekat akan menghasilkan variabilitas yang sempit.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2007 di Kabupaten MinahasaUtara, Minahasa Selatan dan Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara. Disetiap kabupaten ditetapkan tiga desa contoh pada ketinggian yangberbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkatkekerabatan dan jarak genetik sembilan aksesi plasma nutfah kelapa asalSulawesi Utara yang akan digunakan sebagai materi pemuliaan dalamperakitan kelapa unggul. Untuk mengetahui kekerabatan antara sembilanaksesi kelapa tersebut diukur jarak genetiknya dengan menggunakanperhitungan nilai D 2 statistik dari Mahalanobis didasarkan pada delapankarakter komponen buah, yaitu panjang buah, lebar buah, berat buah utuh,berat buah tanpa sabut, berat buah tanpa air, berat daging buah, tebaldaging buah, dan berat tempurung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwakesembilan aksesi kelapa tersebut membentuk lima kelompok dan jarakgenetik terbesar terdapat antara kelompok II (Dalam Lansot, DalamMongkonai, Dalam Dua Saudara) dan IV (Dalam Kaleosan, Dalam Kema)dengan nilai D 2 = 2.196,57. Sumbangan terbesar terjadinya jarak genetiktersebut diperoleh dari karakter tebal daging buah.Kata kunci : Cocos nucifera L., kekerabatan, genetik, kelapa dalamABSTRACTGenetic relationship among nine coconut accessions fromNorth SulawesiThe research was conducted in May 2007 at North Minahasa, SouthMinahasa, and Bolaang Mongondow Regions, North Sulawesi Province.From each region, three villages with different elevation were determined.The objective of the research was to find out genetic relationship amongnine coconut germplasm accessions for breeding material in composinghigh yielding coconut. The genetic relationships were estimated using D 2Mahalanobis Statistics based on eight characters of fruit component, suchas length of fruit, width of fruit, fruit weight, unhusked fruit weight,weight of fruit without water, weight of endosperm, thickness of kernel,and weight of shell. The result showed that the nine accessions weredivided into five groups and the widest genetic distance had been foundbetween group II (Lansot Tall, Mongkonai Tall, Dua Saudara Tall) and IV(Kaleosan Tall, Kema Tall) with the D 2  value of 2,196.57. The highestcontribution to the genetic relationship was thick of kernel (50%contribution). Lansot Tall and Kaleosan Tall can be used as parents forprepotent coconut.Key words : Cocos nucifera L., genetic relationship, tall coconut
KAJIAN MODEL STABILITAS BASIL SECARA KUALITATIF DAN KUANTITATIF UNTUK UJI MULTILOKASI MUSIM PADA TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA RAJANGAN BOJONEGORO ADJI SASTROSUPADI; SUWARSO SUWARSO; ANIKHERWATI ANIKHERWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 4 (2005): DESEMBER 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (111.821 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n4.2005.134-139

Abstract

ABSTRAKKajian model stabilitas hasil dilakukan untuk uji multi lokasi musimpada galur tembakau Virginia rajangan Bojonegoro di tigs lokasi,Kedungadem, Pekuwon dan Sugihwaras, Jawa Timur pada empat musimtanam 1997, 1998, 1999, dan 2001. Tiga lokasi yang dipilih merupakandaerah pengembangan tembakau Virginia Bojonegoro, masing - masingberjarak antara 15 - 20 km satu sama lain. Empat belas galur yang diujimerupakan hasil seleksi sejak tahun 1990. Rancangan percobaan yangdigunakan di setiap lokasi adalah rancangan kelompok dengan tigaulangan. Ukuran petak percobaan 8,6 m x 6,75 m, jarak tanam 90 x 45cm, dengan satu tanaman per lubang. Penentuan stabilitas hasil denganmenggunakan model kualitatif YAU dan HAMBLIN (1994) dan modelkuantitatif menurut PERKINS dan JINKS (1968). Hasil analisismenunjukkan dengan model kualitatif galur nomor 13, 7, 10, 6, dan 5merupakan galur yang stabil dengan hasil rajangan kering di atas hasil rata-ratanya, sedang dengan model kuantitatif galur nomor 9,11,14, 6, dan 10merupakan galur yang stabil dengan hasil ranjangan kering di atas rata-ratanya. Pengukuran stabilitas hasil dengan model kuantitatif lebihinformatif dibandingkan dengan model kualitatif.Kata kunci : Tembakau, Nicotiana tabacum, tembakau Virginia, ujimultilokasi, stabilitas hasil, Jawa TimurABSTRACTStudy of qualitative and quantitative yield stability modelfor season muUilocation test of Bojonegoro sliced VirginiatobaccoStudy of quantitative and qualitative stability model for multi-location-season test of Bojonegoro sliced Virginia tobacco conducted inthree locations: Kedungadem, Pekuwon and Sugihwaras, East Java in1997; 1998; 1999, and 2001. The selected locations were the area of theVirginia tobacco development. The locations were 15-20 km apart fromone another. Fourteen lines of sliced Virginia tibacco tested were the resultof selection since 1990, tested in three locations and four growing seasons.The experiment used a randomized blok design with three replications ineach location. Plot size was 8,6 m x 6,75 m, plant distance was 90 cm x45 cm, one plant per hole. The stability parameters were measured byqualitative model according to YAU and HAMBLIN (1994) andquantitative ones were measured according to PERKINS and JINKS(1968). The result of the analysis using qualitative model showed that linesNo 13, 10, 6, dan 5 were stable genotypes with the yield above its averagewhile based on quantitative model and lines No 9,11,14, 6, dan 10 werestable genotypes with the yield above its average. Measurement of yieldstability using quantitative model was more informative compared toqualitative model.Key words: Tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, virgina tobacco, multi-locationtest, yield stability. East Java

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