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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PATOGENISITAS BEBERAPA ISOLAT CENDAWAN TERBAWA BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA BAHARUDIN, BAHARUDIN; PURWANTARA, A.; ILYAS, S.; SUHARTANTO, M.R.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (150.872 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.8-14

Abstract

ABSTRAKBenih kakao hibrida diketahui dapat membawa beberapa mikrobayang bersifat patogenik dan menurunkan mutu benih. Penelitian bertujuanuntuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa isolat cendawan terbawa benihterhadap penurunan viabilitas benih dan vigor bibit kakao hibrida.Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Benih Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan KakaoIndonesia, Jember, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan rumah kaca BalaiPenelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, Bogor, pada bulan Julisampai November 2008. Penelitian menggunakan 13 cendawan terbawabenih kakao hibrida. Benih diperoleh dari persilangan buatan antara kakaoTSH 858 dengan Sca 6. Penelitian menggunakan model Rancangan AcakLengkap dengan 4 ulangan. Inokulasi patogen pada benih kakao dilakukandengan cara merendam benih di dalam suspensi patogen dengan kerapatan10 6 spora/ml selama 30 menit. Selanjutnya benih ditanam pada media pasirsteril dalam boks plastik ukuran 30 x 30 cm, menurut rancangannya.Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah dayaberkecambah, indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh relatif, kecepatanberkecambah T 50 , laju pertumbuhan kecambah, jumlah daun, tinggi bibit,panjang akar, jumlah akar dan kematian benih. Data dianalisis denganANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa ke-13 spesies cendawan bersifat patogenikpada benih kakao hibrida. Cendawan patogen terbawa benih yang bersifatpatogenik adalah Aspergillus flavus, A. ochraceus, Cladosporiumherbanum,  Curvularia  geniculata,  Fusarium  oxysporum,  Phomaglomerata dan Macrophoma sp. Cendawan patogen tersebut dapatmenurunkan daya berkecambah 20-40%, indeks vigor 30-47%, kecepatantumbuh relatif 13-45%, dan meningkatkan kecepatan perkecambahan(T 50 menurun) dari 0,62-7,36 hari. Ke-13 isolat patogen dapatmenyebabkan kematian benih 29-52% dibanding kontrol. Ke-13 isolatpatogen juga menginfeksi bagian tanaman seperti kotiledon, daun, batangdan akar bibit kakao, namun hanya Phoma glomerata dan Macrophomasp. yang menurunkan tinggi bibit, jumlah daun, jumlah dan panjang akarsecara nyata. Tujuh dari 13 isolat cendawan patogen terbawa benih tidakhanya menurunkan viabilitas dan vigor benih kakao hibrida tetapi jugadapat berkembang pada bibit sehingga perlu penanganan benih secara dini.Kata kunci: benih hibrida, patogen terbawa benih, viabilitas, vigor benih,Theobroma cacaoABSTRACTIn 2009 revitalization of cacao plantations in Indonesia required 168million seeds. Distribution of low quality and infected seeds leads to hugelosses and in a long term will destruct cultivation of cacao. Seed-bornepathogens of infected cacao hybrid seeds are dangerous because they mayreduce physiological qualities of the seeds. The study aimed atdetermining the effect of several isolates of seed borne fungi on theviability and vigor of hybrid cacao seeds as well as growth of theseedlings. The study was conducted at the Seed Garden Indonesian Coffeeand Cacao Research Center in Jember, Microbiology Laboratory and glasshouse of Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops of Indonesia,Bogor, from July to November 2008. The study used 13 seed-borne fungiin hybrid cacao. The cacao seeds were obtained from hand pollinatedcrossing between TSH 858 with Sca 6. The experiment was arranged usingCompletely Randomized Design with four replicates. Cacao seeds wereinoculated by immersing them for 30 minutes in the spore suspension of13 isolates of seed-borne fungi CTB at a density of 10 6 spores/ml. Afterinoculation, the seeds were planted on sterile sand in a plastic box (30 x 30cm). Parameters observed were germination rate, vigor index, KCT-R T 50rate of seedling growth, leaf number, seedling height, root length, rootnumber, and level of pathogenicity. Data were analyzed by ANOVAfollowed with Duncan's Multiple Test. The results showed that the 13species of seed-borne pathogens were in hybrid cacao seeds with varyingpathogenicity. The most pathogenic fungi were Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum, Curvularia geniculata,Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, and Macrophoma sp. Seed bornepathogenic fungi had the ability to reduce seed germination of 20-40%,vigor index of 30-47%, relative growth rate of 13-45%, and delayedgermination speed (T 50 decreases) from 0.62 to 7.36 days. Seed bornepathogens caused (29-52%) death seed compared to control. All that 13isolates of seed-borne pathogens infected plant tissues such as cotyledons,leaves, stems, and roots of cacao seedlings, but only isolates of Phomaglomerata and Macrophoma sp. which lowered the height of seedlings,leaf number, root number and length. The study indicated that infection ofseed-borne pathogens on cacao seed hybrid can cause seed death.Therefore, seeds should be handled properly.Key words: hybrid seeds, seed borne pathogens, viability, seed vigor,Theobroma cacao
KEEFEKTIFAN Trichoderma sp. DAN Fusarium NON PATOGENIK DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PUCUK VANILI BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN / Effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium to Environmentally Control Vanilla Shoot Rot Disease Efi Taufiq; Hasim Hasim; Bonny PW Soekarno; M. Surahman
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1885.086 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.18-25

Abstract

Vanilla shoot rot disease (VSR) is one of important disease that potentially reduces Indonesia’s vanilla production. The VSR disease is prevalently developing in the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the disease occurrence in the garden has increased recently. A present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium (NPF) in controlling the VSR disease in the garden. An experiment  was conducted in a vanilla garden at KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi November 2015 - July 2016.   The study consisted of five treatments that were application of Trichoderma sp. substrate (T) onto the vanilla tips, spraying the conidial suspension of FusNP (F), a combine application of Trichoderma sp. and FusNP (TF), synthetic fungicide mancozeb (M)  and the control (K). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, replicated five times each.  The variables measured were the incidence and severity of VSR diseases monthly, residue of synthetic fungicides and rainfall. The results showed that application of Trichoderma sp. sp. and NPF  reduced  the disease severity of VSR   3 % and 5 % respectively than the one of control. While the fungicide application was 3% lower than the control.   The VSR disease progress is affected significantly by rainfall period.  Keyword: vanilla shoot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici. Bioagent. AbstrakPenyakit busuk pucuk vanili (BPV) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting vanili yang  berpotensi mengurangi  produksi  vanili di Indonesia.  Penyakit  BPV di Indonesia umumnya merusak pembibitan, namun akibat perubahan iklim yang ekstrim, serangan penyakit BPV pada tanaman vanili dewasa di kebun mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui keefektifan Trichoderma sp. dan Fusarium non patogenik (FusNP) dalam mengendalikan penyakit BPV di kebun vanili. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan di KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi mulai November 2015 - Juli 2016. Pengujian residu fungisida sintetik dilakukan di Laboratorium Residu Bahan Agrokimia Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Laladon Bogor. Penelitian terdiri atas lima perlakuan yaitu pemberian substrat Trichoderma sp. (T), penyemprotan suspensi konidia FusNP (F), kombinasi Trichoderma sp. dan FusNP (TF),  fungisida sintetik mancozeb (M) dan kontrol (K). Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak lima kali. Variabel yang diamati adalah gejala dan keparahan penyakit, curah hujan, dan residu fungisida sintetik. Data dianalisis dengan Uji Tukey pada selang kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. dan FusNP cukup efektif mengendalikan penyakit BPV di lapangan, setara dengan keefektifan fungisida sintetik yaitu kejadian penyakit berkisar 2 - 5%, sedangkan kontrol mencapai 32%. Perkembangan penyakit BPV dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan, semakin tinggi curah hujan semakin tinggi intensitas serangan penyakit BPV. Penggunaan fungisida sintetik secara intensif menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan berupa residu pestisida pada daun, buah, dan tanah rizosfer vanili..Kata kunci: busuk pucuk vanili, Phytophthora. capsici, agens hayati. ABSTRACTVanilla shoot rot disease (VSR) is one of important disease that potentially reduces Indonesia’s vanilla production. The VSR disease is prevalently developing in the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the disease occurrence in the garden has increased recently. A present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium (NPF) in controlling the VSR disease in the garden. An experiment  was conducted in a vanilla garden at KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi November 2015 - July 2016.   The study consisted of five treatments that were application of Trichoderma sp. substrate (T) onto the vanilla tips, spraying the conidial suspension of FusNP (F), a combine application of Trichoderma sp. and FusNP (TF), synthetic fungicide mancozeb (M)  and the control (K). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, replicated five times each.  The variables measured were the incidence and severity of VSR diseases monthly, residue of synthetic fungicides and rainfall. The results showed that application of Trichoderma sp. sp. and NPF  reduced  the disease severity of VSR   3 % and 5 % respectively than the one of control. While the fungicide application was 3% lower than the control.   The VSR disease progress is affected significantly by rainfall period.  Keyword: vanilla shoot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici. Bioagent.
DAYA SIMPAN BENIH RIMPANG JAHE PUTIH BESAR DI DATARAN TINGGI DENGAN PERLAKUAN PESTISIDA NABATI DAN ANALISIS EKONOMINYA SUKARMAN, SUKARMAN; ERMIATI, ERMIATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (165.822 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n1.2014.1-8

Abstract

ABSTRAK 
PENGARUH INOVASI TEKNOLOGI DAN PENGGUNAAN INPUT TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KELAPA SAWIT DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT / Influence of Technological Innovation and Use of Production Input on Productivity of Oil Palm in West Kalimantan Province I Ketut Ardana; Ketut Kariyasa
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 3 (2016): September, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1403.45 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n3.2016.125-134

Abstract

Indonesian government within the framework of the Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian Economic Development (MP3EI) have established oil palm as the main commodity to be developed in the so-called corridor of Kalimantan. This is mainly due to the commodity role as Indonesia's main export commodities as well as the tipping point of regional economic development in ensuring the welfare of local farmers in a sustainable manner. West Kalimantan is one of the centers of the development of oil palm in Kalimantan, after Central Kalimantan. This study aimed to analyze the role of the superior technology and use of production inputs to improve the productivity of oil palm and the factors that influence the adoption of new technologies at the farm level. Results of decomposition analysis of productivity showed that the productivity of oil palm plantations increased by 45.59%. The role of the difference in the applied technology is 22.62% and 22.97% came from the difference in input use. Quality of seeds available/planted by farmers contributed significantly to the level of productivity. Adequate provision of improved seed policies must be the top priority in efforts to improve the productivity of oil palm in the future. The policy needs to be accompanied by quality control and distribution of improved seed is strictly and continuously. The next priority policies should be aimed at encouraging farmers to use production inputs as recommended . In order for the policy to be effective, it needs to be supported by the trading system improvements to ensure the feasibility of palm oil prices at the farm level.Keywords: oil palm, decomposition of productivity, innovation, production inputs AbstrakPemerintah Indonesia dalam kerangka Masterplan Percepatan dan Perluasan Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia (MP3EI) telah menetapkan komoditas kelapa sawit sebagai komoditas utama untuk lebih dikembangkan di wilayah Kalimantan Barat atau disebut koridor Kalimantan. Hal ini terutama disebabkan oleh peran komoditas ini sebagai komoditas ekspor utama Indonesia dan sekaligus sebagai titik ungkit pembangunan ekonomi daerah dalam menjamin peningkatan kesejahteraan petani setempat secara berkelanjutan. Kalimantan Barat merupakan salah satu sentra pengembangan kelapa sawit di Kalimantan, setelah Kalimantan Tengah, oleh sebab itu penelitian dilaksanakan di Kalimantan Barat pada tahun 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran teknologi unggulan dan penggunaan input produksi terhadap perbaikan produktivitas kelapa sawit dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi baru di tingkat petani. Hasil analisis dekomposisi produktivitas menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan teknologi unggulan (karakterisik teknologi unggulan perbaikan manajemen produksi, serta penggunanan input sesuai anjuran) menyebabkan produktivitas kelapa sawit meningkat sebesar 45,59%. Dari peningkatan tersebut, sebesar 22,62% bersumber dari adanya perbedaan teknologi yang diterapkan dan 22,97% bersumber dari adanya perbedaan penggunaan input. Kualitas benih yang tersedia/ditanam petani memberikan kontribusi nyata terhadap tingkat produktivitas. Dalam upaya meningkatkan produktivitas sawit, maka penyediaan benih unggul yang memadai harus menjadi kebijakan prioritas utama dalam pengembangan kebun sawit ke depan. Kebijakan prioritas berikutnya dapat ditujukan untuk mendorong petani agar menggunakan input produksi sesuai anjuran. Kebijakan ini tentunya akan efektif jika pada saat yang sama petani juga memperoleh harga sawit yang layak.Kata kunci: kelapa sawit, dekomposisi produktivitas, inovasi, input produksi
RESPON TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK BIO PADA KONDISI AGROEKOLOGI YANG BERBEDA YUSRON, MUCHAMAD
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n4.2009.162-167

Abstract

ABSTRAKEfisiensi pemupukan dan peningkatan produktivitas temu-temuandapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan pupuk bio. Penelitian untukmengetahui respon temulawak terhadap pupuk bio telah dilaksanakan didua kondisi agroekologi yang berbeda di Kabupaten Boyolali, yakni diDesa Wonoharjo, Kecamatan Kemusu (jenis tanah Mediteran coklat tua,200 m dpl, tipe iklim C, tegakan jati umur 3 tahun, intensitas cahayasekitar 60%), dan Desa Kaligentong, Kecamatan Ampel (Andosol, 600 mdpl, tipe iklim B, hutan sengon rakyat, intensitas cahaya sekitar 40%).Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai Oktober 2002 sampai September 2003.Jarak tanam temulawak 50 cm x 75 cm, luas petak 10 m x 10 m.Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3perlakuan dan 9 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah dosis pupuk bio, yaitu (i) 0, (ii)45, dan (iii) 90 kg/ha. Sedangkan pupuk dasar yang diberikan adalah 10ton pupuk kandang + 200 kg urea + 200 kg SP-36 + 200 kg KCl per ha.Pupuk  bio  yang  digunakan  mengandung  mikroorganisme  aktifAzospirillum lipoferum Beijerincki, Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerincki,Aeromonas punctata Zimmermann, dan Aspergillus niger van Tiegham.Pupuk urea diberikan tiga kali, masing-masing 1/3 bagian pada 1, 2, dan 3bulan setelah tanam (BST). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap parametertinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, produksi rimpang dan mutu rimpang. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan tidak dipengaruhi olehkondisi agroekologi. Pupuk bio secara nyata mampu meningkatkanproduktivitas temulawak, namun peningkatan tersebut dipengaruhi olehkondisi agroekologi. Penambahan pupuk bio sebesar 45 dan 90 kg/hameningkatkan produksi rimpang segar temulawak sebesar 24 dan 47%.Mutu simplisia yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar Materia MedicaIndonesia.Kata kunci : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, pupuk bio, kondisi agroekologiABSTRACTResponse of Java Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) toBiofertilizers Application Under Different Agroecological ConditionFertilization efficiency and yield of zingiberaceae may be improvedthrough the application of biofertilizers. A field experiment to evaluate theresponse of Java turmeric to the application of biofertilizers under differentagroecological conditions was carried out at Wonoharjo, KemusuSubdistrict (dark brown Mediterranean soil, 200 m asl., climate type C,3 years teak plantation, light intensity 60%), and Kaligentong, AmpelSubdistrict (Andosol, 600 m asl., climate type B, 5 years albizia plantation,light intensity 40%). Both experimental sites were located at BoyolaliDistrict. The experiment was conducted from October 2002 to September2003. Planting distance was 50 cm x 75 cm, and plot size was 10 m x 10m. The experiment was arranged using randomized block design withthree treatments and 9 replicates. The treatments were biofertilizer dosage,i.e. (i) 0, (ii) 45 and (iii) 90 kg/ha. Inorganic fertilizers was applied as basalfertilization, i.e. 10 ton manure + 200 kg urea + 200 kg SP-36 + 200 kgKCl per hectare. Biofertilizer contained some active microorganisms, i.e.Azospirillum lipoferum Beijerincki, Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerincki,Aeromonas punctata Zimmermann and Aspergillus niger van Tiegham.Urea was applied 1/3 dosage each at 1, 2, 3 months after planting (MAP).Manure was applied a week before planting, while SP-36 and KCl wereapplied at planting time. Parameters observed were plant height, numbersof clump, fresh rhizome yield and dried rhizome quality. The resultsshowed that plant growth was not significantly affected by agroecologicalconditions. Biofertilizers significantly affected crop yield, however, theincrease of crop yield was affected by agroecological conditions.Application 45 and 90 kg/ha of biofertilizers of increased fresh rhizomeyield of about 24 and 47%. Dried rhizome quality of all treatments meetMateria Medica Indonesia standard.Keywords : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, biofertilizers, agroecologicalconditions
KERAGAAN TANAMAN KAKAO ASAL EMBRIO SOMATIK DI LAPANGAN NUR AJIJAH; ENNY RANDRIANI; RUBIYO RUBIYO; DEWI SUKMA; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 2 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (389.687 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v21n2.2015.57-68

Abstract

ABSTRAKSekitar 75 juta bibit kakao asal embrio somatik (ES) telah ditanam di lapangan.  Evaluasi keragaan tanaman tersebut perlu terus dilakukan. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keragaan tanaman kakao asal ES di lapangan telah dilaksanakan di delapan lokasi di Kabupaten Soppeng, Sulawesi Selatan dan kabupaten Mamuju (Sulawesi Barat) pada bulan Juni 2012 sampai  Desember 2013. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tanaman umur 1,5-4 tahun meliputi tinggi jorget, lingkar batang, jumlah cabang primer, persentase tanaman berbunga, persentase tanaman berbuah, jumlah buah per pohon, jumlah biji per buah, bobot kering biji serta kejadian serangan hama dan penyakit. Tanaman kakao asal ES memiliki arsitektur   seperti   tanaman   yang   berasal   dari   biji,   yaitu memiliki pertumbuhan  dimorfik  dan  membentuk  jorget.  Rataan  tinggi  jorget bervariasi antar lokasi, sebagian besar berkisar 100 -150 cm. Di lapangan ditemukan tanaman asal ES dengan tinggi jorget > 2 m. Perlu dievaluasi lebih lanjut apakah tinggi jorget > 2 m merupakan bentuk penyimpangan atau hanya pengaruh faktor lingkungan. Pada saat dilakukan pengamatan, tanaman kakao asal ES yang dievaluasi sudah berbunga dan berbuah dengan persentase berbunga 34-100%, berbuah 16-100%, dan dengan hasil buah per pohon 6-37 buah. Bobot buah yang dipanen berkisar 277-418 g dengan rataan jumlah biji per buah 43 biji dan bobot kering per biji 0.5 -1.4 g. Kejadian serangan penggerek buah di 3 lokasi pengamatan mencapai 82, 34.8 dan 49.6%, sedangkan busuk buah 2, 4.3 dan 18%. Studi lebih lanjut  diperlukan  untuk  memastikan  bahwa  tanaman  kakao  asal  ES mempunyai karakteristik tanaman dan hasil yang tidak berbeda dengan tanaman kakao  asal bibit tradisional yang telah biasa digunakan petani.Kata kunci:  Theobroma   cacao   L.,   bibit   ES,   perbanyakan   masal, pertumbuhan dan komponen hasil, variasi somaklonal Field Performance of Cacao Somatic Embryos Derived PlantsABSTRACTApproximately 75 millions of cacao seedlings propagated through somatic embryogenesis (SE) have been planted in the field. Evaluation of the performance of those SE derived plants needs to be continued. The research aimed to evaluate the performance of the cacao SE derived plants in the field have been implemented in 8 locations in Soppeng district, South Sulawesi and the Mamuju district, West Sulawesi in June 2012 and December 2013.   Collected   data   include:   jorquette   height,   trunk circumference,  jorquette branch  numbers,  flowering  and  fruiting tree percentages, fruit numbers per tree, pod weight, bean number per pod, bean dry weight and the disease and pest infection rates. Cacao plants derived from SE showed similar plant architectures to those of seed derived ones, such as having dimorphic growth and forming jorquette. The jorquette height of the majority of cacao trees in the evaluated regionsranged from 100-150 cm. A few SE derived cacao trees show jorquette height > 2 m. However, it needs further studies to determine whether they indicate either abnormality or environment effects. The SE derived cacao trees in the studied locations has bear flowers and fruits. The percentages of cacao trees with flowers or fruits at the age of 2.5 years ranged from 34-100% or 16-100%, respectively. The observed pods number per tree was 6-37 pods, the pod weight was 277-418 g, the beans number per pod was 42-43  and the bean dry weight was 0.5 -1.4 g. The incidences of fruit borer infection at the three evaluated locations were 82, 34.8 dan 49.6%, while the incidences of black pod infection were 2, 4.3 dan 18%. To conclude whether the SE derived cacao trees are comparable to those of the traditional cacao planting materials  requires  more comprehensive studies.Keywords:  Theobroma cacao L., SE derived seedling, mass propagation, growth and yield components, somaclonal variation
PENGARUH PENYAKIT KRUPUK TERHADAP HASIL DAN MUTU DELAPAN VARIETAS TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA GEMBONG DALMADIYO; MOCH. AMIR KARTAMIDJAJA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 6, No 2 (2000): September, 2000
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (967.359 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v6n2.2000.33-36

Abstract

The effect of tobacco curl disease on the yield and quality of eight Virginia tobacco varietiesTobacco leaf curl disease is one of the important diseases on Virginia tobacco which especially occurs in dry condition. The use of resistant varieties is one of the most effective way to control the disease. This experiment was lo evaluate the effect of tobacco curl disease on tobacco varieties (DB 101, Coker 319, Coker 176, Coker 48, Coker 86, and Coker 371 Gold) and two promising lines (T.45/T.65 and T.45/T.69). The experiment was conducted in Pekuwon, Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro from April to October 1997. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with three replications. The tobacco seedlings wee transplanted in 0.9 m x 0.6 m spacing and 9.0 m x 9.0 m plot size. The fertilizer dosage applied are 300 kg ZA + 108 kg SP-36 + 156 kg ZK per ha The parameters observed including percentage of diseased plant, productive leaves, as well as the yield and quality of leaves. The esults showed that Coker 371 Gold variety showed the lowest disease percentage (6.89%), decrease in productive leaves was high (71.86%), Whereas the two promising lines, were T.45/T.6S and T.45/T.69 showed that the percentage of diseased plants wee not significantly different compared with DB 101, Coker 319, and Coker 48, but the decrease in productive leaves was lower. The yield of these promising lines were 10.12-10.30 kg/81 m!, grade indexes 86.04-87.27, and crop indexes are 88.31-88.63. Coker 176 was the most susceptible variety. The percentage of diseased plant, flue- cured yield, grade index, and crop index on Coker 176 wee 42.67%, 7.77 kg/81 m!, 86.09, and 66.89, respectively.
PENAMPILAN MORFOLOGI, VARIABILITAS FENOTIPIK PRODUKSI DAN UKURAN GELONDONG TANAMAN JAMBU METE HASIL PERSILANGAN WAHYUNI, SRI; BERMAWIE, NURLIANI; SESWITA, DELIAH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (147.716 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.141-149

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian telah dilakukan di KP Muktiharjo, Pati, Jawa Tengahdengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pewarisan sifat morfologi dan keragamanfenotipik produksi dan ukuran gelondong nomor-nomor persilangan CF,CM, CA, CS, FM, FA, FS, MA, MS, AS. Tanaman hasil persilanganditanam tahun 1997 dengan jarak tanam 6 m x 6 m. Pengamatan karaktermorfologi tanaman (habitus, warna daun pucuk, warna buah semu) danukuran gelondong dilakukan pada umur tanaman 5 tahun, sedangkantingkat produksi tanaman per pohon diamati selama 4 tahun produksi(2000 - 2003). Karakter tanaman yang diamati dikelompokkan ke dalam 3group yaitu (1) karakter tanaman dan daun, (2) karakter buah, dan (3)karakter gelondong. Terhadap data kualitatif dilakukan penggolongan yangmengacu pada descriptor list tanaman jambu mete (IPBGR). Analisisdeskriptif dan proporsi tanaman (%) dihitung sesuai pembagian karakteryang diamati. Terhadap data kuantitatif (produksi dan ukuran gelondong)dilakukan analisis variabilitas fenotipik. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkantanaman hasil persilangan mempunyai karakter tanaman dan daun beragam,sebagian mirip tetua betina, sebagian mirip tetua jantan, sebagian lagimerupakan karakter antara kedua tetuanya, dengan proporsi setiapkombinasi persilangan berbeda. Penurunan sifat bentuk buah padatanaman jambu mete beragam, tetua dengan bentuk buah yang sama(kerucut) dapat menghasilkan keturunan dengan bentuk buah bervariasi(kerucut, silinder, membulat). Demikian pula dengan karakter warna buahsemu. Persilangan antar tetua dengan warna buah merah menghasilkanketurunan dengan warna buah merah, orange, dan kuning. Kultivar Ssebagai tetua jantan dapat meningkatkan ukuran gelondong keturunannya,tetapi tidak pada semua keturunan dan tidak sebesar ukuran gelondongtetua jantan S tersebut. Variabilitas fenotipik produksi dan ukurangelondong tanaman hasil persilangan tergolong luas, sehingga dengantetua yang sama keturunannya tidak memiliki tingkat produksi dan ukurangelondong yang relatif seragam. Oleh karena itu tanaman hasil persilanganyang terseleksi sebaiknya diperbanyak dengan penyambungan agardiperoleh tanaman dengan karakter yang lebih seragam.Kata kunci : Anacardium  occidentale,  jambu  mete,  persilangan,variabilitas fenotipikABSTRACTMorphology performance, yield and nut size phenotypicvariability of cashew progenyProgenies from five parents crossing combination of promisingcashew were planted at Muktiharjo experimental station, Pati, Central Javain 1997 to observe its variability. The progenies were the crossingcombinations of CF, CM, CA, CS, FM, FA, FS, MA, MS, and AS.Seedlings were planted in 6 m x 6 m space-row. Observation formorphological characters, such as habitus, shoot colour, apple colour, andnut size, were done at 5 years plant age. Moreover, for nut yield, theobservations were conducted for 4 times harvest period (2000-2003). Allof characters observed were divided into 3 groups : (1) habitus and leafcharacters, (2) fruit characters, and (3) nut characters. The qualitative datawere grouped based on cashew descriptor list (IPBGR). Qualitative datawere analyzed and the proportion of progeny performance in eachcharacter observed were counted. Yield and nut size phenotypicvariabilities were analized. Result indicated that the progeny showedvariation in plant habitus, trunk shape, and leaf. Some of progenyperformances alike a male parent, some likes female parents and someothers in between of their parents and differ in proportion of each crossingcombination. Fruit characters progeny are also showed variation. Parentwith the same apple shape (pyramid), having progeny with pyramid,silinder and rounded apple shape type. Crossing parent which has the samered apple colour, the progeny has red, orange and yellow apple colour. Fornut size characters, S as a male parent could increasing nut size of progenybut the nut size are not as big as the size of the male parent. Both parentand their progeny have the great variation of nut shape and colour.Phenotypic variability of yield and nut size of progeny are very broad, itimplies that progeny of the same parent has un-uniform yield and nut size.For further plant development, selected progeny of hybridization can bedeveloped by grafting to get more uniform plant.Key words : Anacardium occidentale, cashew, hybridization, phenotypicvariability
STATUS TANAMAN, PRODUKSI DAN PENGGUNAAN CENGKEH SYAFRIL KEMALA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 2 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1684.373 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n2.2004.59-65

Abstract

Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui (1) luas dan keadaan lanaman pada status TBM, TM dan TR secara nyata, (2) pcndugaan produksi dan penggunaan cengkch "agregate" untuk tahun-tahun yang akan datang. Hasil yang diharapkan adalah dipeolehnya da(a yang lebih baik karena data BPS/Dirjenbun cenderung over estimate. Penelitian ini menggunakan mctode survci untuk pcndugaan luas dan produksi pada daerah sentra produksi (Sulawesi Utara, Jawa Tengah, dan Lampung), seta pendugaan penggunaan cengkch di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Pada tiap propinsi diambil 3 kecamatan dan tiap kecamatan yang terpilih diambil 3 desa, dengan kiteria produksi tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Sedangkan penggunaan cengkch diambil secara purporsivc (terarah) atas kontribusi pabrik rokok. Jumlah petani sampel yang diambil 230 dan jumlah pabrik 9 buah (3 besar, 3 sedang dan 3 kecil). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April 2001 sampai Desember 2001. Analisis data dilakukan secara statistik dengan mctode kuadrat terkecil untuk pcndugaan produksi dan penggunaan (2) penghitungan status tanaman (TBM, TM, TR) dilakukan dengan metode matematis (pcrsamaan identitas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi lanaman yang belum menghasilkan (TBM) tidak ada, tanaman menghasilkan (TM) adalah 40% dan tanaman rusak/mati (TR) adalah 60%. Dari status TR yang berpcluang/potcnsial produktif hanya 34% dan 66% rusak berat. Dari status tanaman menghasilkan TM distibusinya 63.78% tcrgolong tua (>25 tahun). Produktivitas tanaman per ha makin menurun dan meningkat untuk per pohon. Data Disbun/BPS temyata over estimate ± 14% dibandingkan dengan data survci. Dari hasil pendugaan produksi dan penggunaan untuk tahun 2010 akan terjadi ekses demand yang cukup besar yang tidak dapat ditutupi oleh impor. Bila lidak terjadi perubahan teknologi dan kebijakan pemerintah akan terjadi kekurangan cengkch.Kata kunci : Cengkeh, status tanaman, produksi, penggunaanABSTRACT Status ofplant, production and usage of cloveThis research was aimed to find out (1) the size and situation of crop status at TBM. I'M and TR manifestly, ( 2) lo estimate the production and usage of clove " agregate" for the following years. The objective of Ihe research was lo obtain better data because the data of BPS/DG Estate tended to be over estimate. This research used survey method to estimate the size and the production of the clove area of central production (North Sulawesi, Central Java, and I .ampiiiig). and also to estimate the usage of clove in Central Java and East Java. At every province was taken 3 disticts and every district was taken 3 villages, with the criteria, high, medium, and low production. While the clove usage was taken by purposive of cigarete factory contibution. The number of farmers taken for sample were 230 and the number of factories were 9 (3 big, 3 medium and 3 small) The research was conducted in April 2001 to December 2001. Data analysis was conducted statistically with smallest square method for the estimating production and usage, while the enumeration of crop status (TBM, TM, TR) was conducted with mathematical method (equation of identity ). 'The result of the research indicated that there is no crop population which have not yet yielded (TBM) yielded crop (TM) was 40%, and damaged/death crop (TR) was 60%. From the TR status which have oppotunity to be productive was only 34% and 66% damaged. Of yielded crop status (TM) the distribution was 63.78% was old (>25 year). Crop productivity per ha decrease, however the productivity per plant increased. Data of BPS/DG estate was over estimate ± 14% compared to survey data. Fom the estimation of the production and usage of clove, for the 2010 Ihere will be highly demand which cannot be met by import. If there were no suppoting technology and government policy, there will be lack of clove supply.Key words : Clove, crop status, usage and production
PERBANDINGAN UJI TETRAZOLIUM DAN RADICLE EMERGENCE DALAM MENDUGA VIABILITAS BENIH KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica L.) / The Comparison of Tetrazolium and Radicle Emergence Test to Estimate the Viability of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Seeds Septyan Adi Pramana; Bambang Pujiasmanto; Amalia Tetrani Sakya
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 25, No 1 (2019): Juni, 2019
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (13.882 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v25n1.2019.1-10

Abstract

Development of seed testing methods needs to be conducted in order to obtain fast, precise and applicable result in the field. The objective of this study was to compare the two rapid test methods of Arabica coffee seed viability, the tetrazolium and radicle emergence tests. The experiment was conducted at Quality Seed Testing Laboratory, Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan Surabaya from beginning of January until March 2018. Three lots of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica var. Sigarar Utang) (Lot A = harvest in 1st week of August, 2017; Lot B = 3rd week of August, 2017; and Lot C = 1st week of September, 2017) were obtained  from Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember. The experiments used completely randomized design with four replications. The result showed that the viability test using TZ was faster (4 days) than using RE (14 days). Regression equation models for estimating seed viability are less precise, while the estimation method of paired sample t-test was sufficient to predict the actual value of the seed viability. Redicle emergence is longer than tetrazolium which is for 14 days. The regression equation model of the radicle emergence is  sufficient to predict the seed physiological quality parameter.Keywords: viability, tetrazolium, radicle emergence, coffee seed AbstrakPengembangan metodologi uji benih untuk memperoleh hasil yang cepat, tepat dan aplikatif di lapangan.  Tujuan penelitian adalah membandingkan dua metode pengujian viabilitias benih kopi Arabika, yaitu uji tetrazolium dan radicle emergence (kemunculan radikula). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengujian Mutu Benih, Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan Surabaya, mulai bulan Januari sampai Maret 2018. Tiga lot benih kopi Arabika varietas Sigarar Utang (Lot A : panen minggu I bulan Agustus 2017, Lot B : minggu III bulan Agustus 2017, Lot C : minggu I bulan September 2017) diperoleh dari Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor (lot benih) dengan empat kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian viabilitas kopi dengan metode TZ lebih cepat (4 hari) dibandingkan dengan metode kemunculan radikula (14 hari). Penggunaan model regresi untuk menduga viabilitas biji kurang tepat, sementara penggunaan t-test berpasangan sangat tepat untuk menduga nilai yang sebenarnya dari viabilitas biji. Oleh karena itu, metode pendugaan mutu benih kopi Arabika berdasarkan kemunculan radikula lebih tepat untuk digunakan di lapangan.Kata kunci: viabilitas, tetrazolium, kemunculan radikula, benih kopi

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