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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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KARAKTERISTIK MINYAK DAN ISOLASI TRIMIRISTIN BIJI PALA PAPUA (Myristica argentea) M A’MUN, M A’MUN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 2 (2013): Juni 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (126.978 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n2.2013.72-77

Abstract

ABSTRAKMinyak pala yang dihasilkan dari penyulingan biji palamerupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor Indonesia. Di Kabupaten FakfakPapua, komoditas pala dikembangkan dari jenis Myristica argentea. Jenispala ini dapat menghasilkan minyak, namun karakteristik minyaknyabelum banyak diketahui. Biji pala (terutama biji yang tua) jugamengandung lemak yang memiliki komponen utama trigliserida-trimiristin yang banyak digunakan dalam industri kosmetik dan industrioleo chemical sebagai substitusi lemak pangan, maupun dalam industripelumas. Kandungan trimiristin dalam lemak pala jauh lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan minyak kelapa, minyak inti sawit, dan minyakbabassu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik minyak palaPapua dan mengetahui rendemen lemak trimiristin dari bijinya. Penelitiandilakukan pada bulan Januari - Mei 2010 di Laboratorium Pengujian BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor. Biji pala yang digunakansebagai bahan penelitian ini diambil langsung dari tujuh pohon yangterdapat di kebun wilayah Air Besar, Kabupaten Fakfak, Papua. Minyakdisuling dengan cara destilasi uap. Minyak yang dihasilkan dianalisissesuai dengan Standar Internasional (ISO, 2002), yang meliputi sifat fisikakimia (berat jenis, indeks bias, putaran optik, kelarutan dalam etanol, sisapenguapan, dan komposisi komponen kimia). Identifikasi komponen-komponen kimia utama dalam minyak pala dianalisis menggunakanmetode kromatografi gas. Lemak trimiristin diisolasi dari biji (metodeekstraksi dengan pelarut organik) dan analisis kandungan trimiristin(metode kromatografi gas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwarendemen minyak pala Papua sangat rendah yaitu 3,11%. Karakteristikfisika kimia minyak tidak sesuai dengan Standar Internasional. Biji palaPapua mengandung trimiristin, dengan rendemen rata-rata 79,50% (daritotal lemak pala) dan tingkat kemurnian rata-rata 99,20%. Dengandemikian, biji pala Papua dapat berperan sebagai sumber trimiristin yangmempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi.Kata kunci : pala Papua, Myristica argentea, minyak pala, lemak pala,trimiristinABSTRACTNutmeg oils produced by the distillation of nutmeg seed is oneof Indonesia's export commodities. In Fakfak Regency of Papua, nutmegMyristica argentea type is well developed. The type of nutmeg is good oilproducer, however its characteristics has not been known. Nutmeg seed(especially the mature one) also contain fats with triglyceride-trimyristinas main components, which is widely used in the cosmetics industry andoleo-chemical industry as a substitute of fatty food, as well as in industriallubricants. The trimyristin content of nutmeg fat is much higher than thatof coconut oil, palm kernel oil and babassu oil. This study aimed atexamining the oil characteristics and trimyristin content of Papua nutmegseed. The experiment was conducted from January to May 2010 in theTesting Laboratory of the Research Institute for Spices and MedicinalPlants in Bogor. Nutmeg seed which was used as research material, wastaken directly from the 7 trees located in a certain nutmeg garden, at thearea of the Air Besar District, Fakfak, Papua. Oil was distilled by steamdistillation. The oil was then analyzed its physico-chemical characteristics(specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation, solubility in ethanol,residue evaporation and chemical components). The main chemicalcomponents of nutmeg oil were analyzed using the gas chromatographymethod. Fat trimyristin isolated from the seeds (through organic solventsextraction) and the content was analyzed (gas chromatography method).The results showed that the yield of Papua nutmeg oil is very low (3.11%).Its physico-chemical characteristics of the oil did not match theInternational Standards. It is also observed that Papua nutmeg containstrimyristin, with the average yield of 79.50%, and average purity level of99.20%. Papua nutmeg, therefore, is a potential source of trimyristin, aproduct with high economic value.Key words: Papua nutmeg, Myristica argentea, oil, fat, trimyristin
PENGARUH UKURAN DAN PERLAKUAN BIBIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI ILES-ILES . HOBIR
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 2 (2002): Juni, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1573.448 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.61-66

Abstract

Pengaruh ukuran dan perlakuan bibit terhadap petumbuhan dan produksi umbi iles-ilcs (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) ditcliti di Bogor dan Cikampek tahun 1993 1995, yang dilakukan dalam dua percobaan. Pada percobaan petama dipelajai pengaruh ukuran bibit utuh dan pada percobaan kedua pengaruh ukuran dan pcmbclahan bibit terhadap petumbuhan dan produksi umbi. Bibit utuh berasal dari umbi batang dengan ukuran 200 dan lOOg, seta umbi tetas dengan 5 dan 2.5g, sedangkan pcmbclahan bibit berasal dai umbi batang ukuran 200g, yang dibelah menjadi 2 bagian (a lOOg), 4 bagian (a SOg) dan 8 bagian (a 25g). Bibit dai pcrlakuan-perlakuan tersebut disemai di bak pasir di rumah kaca dan petumbuhannya diamati pada umur 1-2 bulan. Bibit yang bctunas normal ditanam di lapangan. Untuk percobaan percobaan petama (bibit utuh), bibit-bibit yang bctunas normal di tanam di Bogor dan Cikampek, sedang percobaan kedua (bibit dibelah) ditanam hanya di Bogor. Kedua percobaan tersebut dirancang secara acak kelompok dengan 5 ulangan. Parameter yang digunakan untuk menilai pengaruh perlakuan adalah tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang, panjang daun dan produksi umbi pada umur 6 dan 18 bulan setelah tanam, untuk bibit utuh dan 6 bulan untuk bibit yang dibelah. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut. Dai percobaan pertama (bibit utuh) temyata ukuran bibit tidak berpengaruh terhadap persentase pertunasan maupun petumbuhan di lapang. Komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil umbi sangat dipengaruhi oleh lokasi penanaman dan ukuran bibit. Komponen pertumbuhan, kecuali diameter batang, seta produksi umbi di Bogor nyata lebih tinggi dari pada di Cikampek. Pada bibit utuh, ukuran bibit 200g menghasilkan komponen petumbuhan dan produksi umbi paling tinggi dan berbeda dengan ukuran- ukuran lainnya, makin kecil ukuran bibit makin kecil nilai komponen petumbuhan dan produksi umbi. Dai percobaan kedua (pembelahan umbi) diperoleh bahwa pembelahan umbi dai 200g sampai 25g tidak mempengaruhi pertunasan di rumah kaca maupun tanaman yang tumbuh di lapangan. Tinggi batang lebih kecil pada bclahan 25g, diameter batang pada belahan 50g dan produksi umbi pada bclahan lOOg dibanding bibit utuh 200g. Berdasarkan data tersebut, untuk memproduksi bibit secara masal, umbi dapat dibelah sampai ukuran 25g dan dalam waktu 6 bulan dapat diperoleh umbi sebcrat + 200g dan umbi ini dapat menghasilkan umbi sekitar 1 kg umbi/batang dalam waktu 6 bulan.Kata kunci: Amorphophallus oncophyllus. ukuran bibit, produksi ABSTRACTEffect of seed size and seed treatment on the growth and yield of Amorphophallus oncophyllusEfect of seed size and seed treatment on the growth and yield of Amorphophallus oncophyllus was studied in Bogor and Cikampek from 1993 to 1995, in two expeiments. The irst experiment studied the efect of the size of sound seed, and the second studied the efect of size and splitting seed on die growth and yield of tuber. In the first experiment the sound seed used were the true tuber with the size of 200 and lOOg and bulbil with the size of 5 and 2.5g. In the second expeiment, the tuber of 200g were splined into 2 parts (a lOOg), 4 parts (a 50g) and 8 parts (a 25g). The seeds were irstly planted in sand boxes in die glass house and evaluated for their sprouting at I -2 month ater planting. For the irst expeiment the normal sprouted seeds were planted in the ield in Bogor and Cikampek, while for the second expeiment, the normal sprouted seeds were planted in Bogor The two experiments were designed as a randomized block in 5 replicates. The parameters used for evaluating the effect of treatments were plant height, stem (pseudo-stem) diameter, leaf length and yield of tuber at 6 and 18 months ater planting for the irst and 6 months for the second expeiment. Results of the studies are summarized as follows. From the irst expeiment (sound seed) it was sevealed that seed size neither afected spronting percentage nor plant stand in the ield. The growth components and tuber yield were afected by planting location and size of seed. The growth components, except stem diameter, and tuber yield in Bogor significantly higher than those in Cikampek. From the second experiment it was shown that splitting seed rom 100 to 25g neither afected the sprouting percentage in the glass house nor plant stand in the ield. Plant height signiicantly decreased at the size of 25g, stem diameter al 50g and tuber yield at lOOg. Based on the data, for mass production of seed tuber, the tuber could be splined into 25g. Within 6 months the seed may produced a tuber of 300g and the tuber could produced 1 kg tuber within 6 months.Key words : Amorphophallus oncophyllus. seed size, tuber yield
NGENGAT PARASITOID (Lepidoptera : Epipyropidae) PADA WERENG PUCUK METE DI PERTANAMAN JAMBU METE DI PULAU LOMBOK BAMBANG SUPENO; DAMAYANTI BUCHORI; PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO; UTOMO KARTOSUWONDO; CHRISTIAN H. SCHULZE
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n1.2009.16-23

Abstract

ABSTRAKWereng pucuk mete, Sanurus indecora (Homoptera : Flatidae),merupakan hama utama tanaman jambu mete di pulau Lombok. Berbagaicara pengendalian telah dilakukan baik secara kimiawi maupun biologi.Pengendalian biologis yang telah banyak digunakan adalah pemanfaatandan eksplorasi musuh alami yang mencakup parasitoid, patogen danpredator. Salah satu musuh alami wereng daun (leafhoppers) dan werengpohon (planthoppers) yang masih belum diteliti di Indonesia dan baru 20spesies yang ada di di dunia adalah Epipyropidae. Ektoparasitoid familiEpipyropidae yang berasosiasi dengan imago S. indecora telah ditemukanpertama di Indonesia, khususnya di Pulau Lombok. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan ngengat parasitoid pada inang S.indecora pada pertanaman jambu mete di lahan kering Pulau Lombok.Penelitian ini difokuskan pada dua kegiatan utama, yaitu pengambilansampel di lapang dan pengamatan laboratorium. Lokasi penelitian beradadi tiga desa di wilayah Kecamatan Gangga, Kayangan, dan Bayan.Penelitian dilakukan selama musim kemarau 2007 (Mei hingga Oktober2007) dan musim hujan (November 2007 hingga April 2008) di tiga kebunjambu mete milik petani yang ditanam secara monokultur. Dari penelitianini dapat diberikan beberapa kesimpulan, yaitu : wereng pucuk mete S.indecora berkembang baik pada musim kemarau (April hingga September)dan cenderung menurun pada saat musim hujan (Oktober hingga Maret),dengan populasi tinggi dicapai pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2007.Larva ektoparasitoid Epypiropidae menyerang S. indecora jantan danbetina yang bersifat soliter dan atau gregarius. Laju parasitisasiEpipyropidae pada S. indecora jantan lebih kecil daripada betina, yaituberkisar 5,89 – 12,16% dan betina berkisar 15,23 – 19,23%. LarvaEpipyropidae tidak dapat menekan laju pertumbuhan populasi S. indecoradi pertanaman monokultur jambu mete di pulau Lombok. Denganperkataan lain bahwa semakin tinggi populasi S. indecora semakin rendahlaju parasitisasi yang ditemukan.Kata kunci : Anacardium occidentale, Sanurus indecora, ngengatparasitoid, EpipyropidaeABSTRACTParasitoid moth (Lepidoptera : Epipyropidae) on cashewplanthopper at cashew plantation in LombokSanurus indecora Jacobi is a serious pest attacking cashewplantation in Lombok Island. A number of natural enemies of flatids werefound on cashew plantation such as predator, pathogen, and parasitoid. Allmembers  of  Epipyropidae  (Lepidoptera)  are  ectoparasitoid  onplanthoppers and leafhoppers (Homoptera). The first report onEpipyropidae in Indonesia was documented, in Lombok whereEpipyropidae parasitized S. indecora. Study was conducted to determinethe prevalence of parasitoid moth on S. indecora at Lombok uplandcashew plantations. This experiment was conducted on May 2007 untilApril 2008 in three village areas of Gangga, Kayangan, and Bayandistricts. The results showed that population of Sanurus indecora increasesgradually from April until October (dry season) and decreases fromNovember until March (rainy season), with the highest population occursin August to October. Epipyropidae attacks both male and female of S.indecora J. Parasitation rate of male ranges from 0.38 – 46.00% with anaverage of 8.96%. Parasitation rate of female varies from 8.77 - 38.52%with an average of 17.45%. Epipyropidae is a solitary and or gregariousparasitoid. The parasitation rate was negatively correlated with S. indecorapopulation. The numbers of Epipyropidae larvae were correlated with thenumbers of S. indecora infected.Key words : Anacardium occidentale, Sanurus indecora, parasitoid moth,Epipyropidae
PENGARUH KERAPATAN TANAM GALUR HARAPAN KAPAS TERHADAP SISTEM TUMPANGSARI DENGAN JAGUNG PRIMA DIARINI RIAJAYA; FITRININGDYAH FITRININGDYAH; TRI KADARWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 2 (2005): JUNI 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (198.073 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n2.2005.67-72

Abstract

ABSTRAKPengaturan kerapatan tanam pada galur harapan kapas perludilakukan agar penggunaan sumberdaya lebih efisien dan tidakmengganggu tanaman palawija yang ditumpangsarikan. Pengaturantanaman dilakukan sedemikian rupa untuk memberikan ruang tumbuhyang lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman.Penelitian kerapatan tanam galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsaridengan jagung dilakukan di lahan petani di Desa Pendem, KecamatanNgaringan, Kabupaten Grobogan, Jawa Tengah pada lahan kering/tadahhujan dari bulan Desember 2002 hingga Mei 2003. Tujuan penelitianuntuk mendapatkan kerapatan tanam yang sesuai pada galur harapan kapaspada sistem tumpangsari dengan jagung. Percobaan disusun dalamrancangan petak terbagi dengan varietas sebagai petak utama dankerapatan tanaman sebagai anak petak yang diulang 3 kali dan 2 ulanganmonokultur kapas dan jagung. Sebagai petak utama adalah 3 varietas/galurkapas: 88003/16/2, 92016/6, dan Kanesia 7; dan anak petak terdiri daritiga kerapatan tanam : 2 : 2 (2 baris kapas dan 2 baris jagung); 2 : 3 (2baris kapas dan 3 baris jagung); dan 3 : 2 (3 baris kapas dan 2 barisjagung). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan tanam yangsesuai pada galur/varietas harapan kapas adalah kerapatan tanam 3 : 2 (3baris kapas dan dua baris jagung) dengan produksi kapas 1.563,9 kg/hadan jagung 3.840,7 kg/ha. Pada kerapatan tanam tersebut, populasi kapasadalah 32.566 tanaman/ha (81% dari populasi monokultur) dan jagung38.000 tanaman/ha (72% dari monokultur). Produktivitas kapas galur92016/6 mencapai 1.583,9 kg/ha dan nyata lebih tinggi dibanding galur88003/16/2 dan Kanesia 7 pada berbagai kerapatan tanam.Kata kunci :  Gossypium  hirsutum,  Zeamays,  kerapatan  tanaman,tumpangsariABSTRACTArrangement of crop densities for new cotton lines underintercropping system with maizeThe arrangement of crop densities for cotton new varieties/lines isneeded to improve the use of natural resources under intercropping systemwith maize. The field trial on different crop densities for new cotton linesunder intercropping system with maize was conducted in Grobogan,Central Java in rainy season 2002/2003. The purpose of the study was toinvestigate the optimum population for new cotton lines underintercropping with maize. The field experiment was arranged in a SplitPlot Design with three replications. Three new cotton lines/varieties wereallocated to main plots: 88003/16/2, 92016/6, and Kanesia 7. Three croparrangements were allocated to sub-plots: 2 : 2 [2 cotton rows and 2 rowsof maize]; 2 : 3 [ 2 cotton rows and 3 rows of maize] and 3:2 [ 3 cottonrows and 2 rows of maize]. Results showed that the crop arrangement forcotton and maize under intercropping system is 3 cotton rows and 2 rowsof maize, with cotton yield 1,563.9 kg/ha and maize 3,840.7 kg/ha. Cottonyield of 92016/6 is higher than those of 88003/16/2 and Kanesia 7 underthe all crop arrangement tested.Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, Zea mays, crop density, intercropping
KADAR FOSFOR DAUN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) DAN KORELASINYA DENGAN FOSFOR TANAH TERSEDIA DARI BEBERAPA METODE EKSTRAKSI A. ARIVIN RIVAIE
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 3 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3219.473 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n3.2014.151-157

Abstract

ABSTRAKPercobaan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian beberapa metoda uji Ptanah untuk tanaman jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dan pengaruhberbagai dosis pupuk P terhadap kadar P daun dan berat kering tanamanterhadap jarak pagar telah dilakukan pada tanah Ultisol Citayam, Bogor.Percobaan dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempahdan Aneka Tanaman Industri Pakuwon, Jawa Barat, dari bulan September2006 sampai Juni 2007. Perlakuan terdiri atas dosis P (SP-36), yaitu 0, 50,100, dan 150 mg P O2 5 /kg tanah, yang disusun dalam Rancangan AcakLengkap (RAL) dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa kadar P daun dan berat kering tanaman jarak pagar meningkatsejalan dengan dosis pupuk P yang diberikan. Peningkatan dosis pupuk Pjuga diikuti oleh peningkatan kadar P tanah yang diekstraksi denganmetoda Olsen-P, Bray-1 P, dan HCl 25%. Nilai-nilai kadar P tanah tersediayang diukur dengan ketiga metoda uji P tanah tersebut mempunyai hubungan yang nyata dengan kadar P tanah yang diekstraksi dengan determinasi (R 2 ) tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh persamaan regresi dari nilai-nilai P tanah dengan metoda Bray-1 P (R 2 = 0.92) dibandingkan denganmetoda Olsen-P dan HCl 25%, yang menunjukkan bahwa metoda ujitanah Bray-1 P lebih sesuai untuk penyusunan rekomendasi pemupukan Puntuk tanaman jarak pagar di tanah Ultisol.Kata kunci: Jatropha curcas L., P daun, metode uji P tanah, hubunganantara P daun dan P tanahABSTRACTA study was conducted to compare the suitability of several soil Ptest methods for physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) and to determine theeffect of various doses of P fertilizer on the leaf P content and the plant drymatter on Ultisol Citayam, Bogor. The experiments were carried out in aglasshouse from September 2006 up to July 2007. The employedtreatments, namely 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg P O2 5 /kg soil (in form of SP-36),were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with fourreplications. The results showed that the leaf P content and plant drymatter of physic nut on Ultisol increased in line with increasing doses of Pfertilizer applied. Increase of P fertilizer P rates was also followed by theincrease of soil P concentrations extracted by the three soil P test methods(Olsen-P, Bray-1 P, and HCl 25%). The values of available soil P concentration measured by the three soil P test methods had significant relationship with leaf P contents. The highest coefficient of determination (R 2 ) showed by the regression equation of available soil P concentrationmeasured by the Bray-1 P (R 2 = 0,92) compared to those measured by theOlsen-P and HCl 25% methods, indicated that the Bray-1 P method islikely  more  suitable  to  be  used  in  establishing  P  fertilizerrecommendations for the physic nut in Ultisol.Key words: Jatropha curcas L., leaf P, soil P test methods, relationshipbetween soil P and leaf P contents
EFISIENSI MEDIA KULTUR DAN APLIKASI TEMPORARY IMMERSION SYSTEM PADA EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK KOPI ARABIKA / Efficiency of Culture Media and Aplication Temporary Immersion Systemon on Somatic Embryogenesis Arabica Coffee Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; RR. Sri Hartati; Rubiyo Rubiyo; Agus Purwito; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1305.331 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.45-54

Abstract

In vitro culture requires sucrose as carbon source and seaweed gel for condensing media.  The price of sucrose and agar were quite expensive, causing difficulties in plant propagation using somatic embryogenesis technique. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility to utilize sugar and commercial agar in somatic embryogenesis of Arabica coffee. The study was conducted in the Agricultural Superior Seed Development Unit, Indonesian Center Estate Crops Research and Development from May 2013 to June 2015.The first stage, calli were transferred into regeneration  medium with tested added sucrose 35 g L-1+phytagel 2.5g L-1, and sugar 35 g L-1 +(phytagel 2.5 g L-1 or commercial agar 9 g L-1). In the second one, torpedo stage embryos transfered into media germination with examined sucrose 40 g L-1+ phytagel (2.5g L-1or 1.5g L-1), sugar40 g L-1 + (phytagel 2.5g L-1 or commercial agar 9 g L-1). The third stage,torpedos transferred into Temporary Immersion System (RITA), treatment examined sucrose and sugar.Experiments were arranged in completely randomized design with 10, 20 and 3 replication. The first stage, results showed  sugar and commercial agar couldnot substitute sucrose and phytagel on regeneration media because it can reduce calli fresh weight and number of somatic embryos. The germination stage, sugar + phytagel (2.5 and 1.5 g L-1) can still be recommended, but not for sugar + commercial agar. Sugarin RITA may be used because had no significant effect on all parameters observed.Key words : Coffea  arabika L., somatic embryogenesis, sugar, commercial agar, RITA. AbstrakPerkembangan dan pertumbuhan embriogenesis somatik memerlukan sukrosa sebagai sumber karbon, dan agar untuk memadatkan media. Harga sukrosa dan phytagel yang mahal merupakan kendala dalam perbanyakan tanaman menggunakan teknik embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemungkinan penggunaan gula pasir dan agar komersial dalam embriogenesis somatik kopi Arabika. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman, Unit Pengembangan Benih Unggul Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Indonesia dari Mei 2013 sampai Juni 2015. Tahap pertama, kalus disubkultur pada media regenerasi. Perlakuan yang digunakan pemberian sukrosa 35 g L-1 +  phytagel2,5 g L-1dan gula pasir 35 g L-1 + (phytagel 2,5 g L-1atau agar komersial  9 g L-1). Tahap kedua, embrio fase torpedo disubkultur pada media perkecambahan. Perlakuan yang digunakan pemberian sukrosa 40 g L-1 + phytagel (2,5 g L-1 atau 1,5 g L-1),dan gula pasir 40 g L-1  + (phytagel 2,5  g L-1atau agar komersial 9 g L-1). Tahap ketiga adalah subkultur torpedo ke Temporary Immersion System (RITA). Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah pemberian sukrosa dan gula pasir. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 10, 20 dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gula pasir dan agar komersial tidak dapat menggantikan sukrosa dan phytagel pada media regenerasi kalus kopi Arabika karena dapat menurunkan bobot basah kalus dan jumlah embrio somatik. Pada media perkecambahan pemberian gula pasir + phytagel  (2,5 dan 1,5 g L-1) masih dapat direkomendasikan, tetapi tidak untuk  penggunaan gula pasir + agar komersial. Pemakaian gula pasir pada RITA dapat digunakan karena tidak memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata untuk semua peubah yang diamati.Kata kunci : Agar komersial, Coffea arabika L., embriogensis somatik, gula pasir, RITA 
SKRINING KETAHANAN SOMAKLON NILAM TERHADAPP PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI (Ralstonia solanacearum) S. Y. HARTATI; E. HADIPOENTYANTI; AMALIA AMALIA; NURSALAM NURSALAM
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 3 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (167.138 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n3.2015.131-138

Abstract

ABSTRAKLayu   bakteri  yang   disebabkan   oleh   Ralstonia   solanacearum merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman nilam. Perakitan varietas nilam tahan terhadap penyakit tersebut yang dilakukan melalui induksi keragaman somaklonal telah menghasilkan beberapa somaklon yang tahan terhadap R. solanacearum secara in-vitro. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji tingkat ketahanan somaklon tersebut terhadap penyakit layu  pada  kondisi  rumah  kaca (in-vivo).  Penelitian  disusun  dalam Rancangan  Acak  Lengkap  dengan 27  perlakuan, 3  ulangan,  dan 10 tanaman/ulangan. Sebagian akar dari somaklon nilam dilukai (dipotong), selanjutnya diinokulasi (disiram) dengan suspensi R. solanacearum dengan berbagai konsentrasi 105, 107, dan 109 cfu/ml, sebanyak 50 ml/tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa somaklon yang diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 105 cfu/ml, 50  ml/tanaman  semuanya  tidak  menunjukkan gejala layu. Somaklon yang diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 107 dan 109cfu/ml,  50 ml/tanaman, sebagian layu dan mati.  Dari somaklon yang7diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 10     cfu/ml, 50 ml/tanaman, 8 di antaranyamenunjukkan respon sangat tahan, 4 tahan, dan 5 agak tahan. Ke 17 somaklon tersebut mempunyai intensitas penyakit <50% dan semua lebih tahan dari pada varietas Sidikalang (agak toleran). Dari 17 somaklon yang diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 109 cfu/ml, 50 ml/tanaman, 2 di antaranya sangat tahan dan 7 somaklon tahan. Teknik skrining ini dapat digunakan sebagai  metode  standar  untuk pengujian  ketahanan  nilam  terhadap penyakit layu.Kata kunci:  Skrining  ketahanan,  somaklon,  nilam,  penyakit  layu,  R. solanacearum. ABSTRACTResistance-Screening of Patchouli Somaclones on Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important  diseases  on patchouli.  The  developing patchouli resistance varieties against  wilt  disease  conducted  through the  induction  of somaclonal variation produced resistant patchouli somaclones against R. solanacearum (in-vitro). The aim of this  research was to screen the resistance of those patchouli somaclones against wilt disease under a glass house condition (in-vivo). The research was conducted in a Randomized Completely Design  with 27 treatments, 3  replicates,  and 10  plants/ replicate. Some roots of the patchouli somaclones were wounded (cut), then inoculated (drenched)   with   R.   solanacearum  suspension   in concentration of 105, 107, and 109 cfu/ml; 50 ml/plant. The result showed, that all the patchouli somaclones inoculated with R. solanacearum 105 cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant were not show any wilt sympthom. Whereas, some somaclones inoculated with the higher concentration 107 and 109 cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant were wilted and died. Among the somaclones inoculated with  the concentration of 107  cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant, 8 of them were highly  resistant, 4 were resistant, and 5 were moderately resistant. The disease  intencity of those 17 somaclones were <50% and they were more resistant than  the  Sidikalang  variety  (moderately  tolerant).  Among  those  17 somaclones inoculated with the concentration of 109 cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant, 2 of them were highly resistant and 7 were resistant. This screening method could be used as a standard protocol for patchouli resistance screening against wilt disease.Kata kunci: Screening resistance, somaclone, patchouli, wilt disease, R. solanacearum.
POTENSI DAMPAK EKONOMI PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PEMUPUKAN DAN POLIKULTUR LADA DI KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH / Potential Economic Impact of Pepper Fertilization and Multiple Cropping Technology Application in Purbalingga Regency, Central Java I Ketut Ardana; M. Syakir; Elna Karmawati; Siswanto Siswanto
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 2 (2017): Desember, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n2.2017.112-122

Abstract

Purbalingga regency since five years has been the center of pepper production in Java Island. This study was conducted from May to September 2017 to analyze the financial performance of pepper farming and its economic impact on the development area. Data and information analysis is done qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis uses cross tabulation, then interpreted descryptionally, while quantitative analysis includes: (1) RAVC and MBCR for assessing financial performance; and (2) ΔRAVC and ROI for projected potential economic impacts. The results showed that application of fertilizer technology with <50% recommended dosage only increased RAVC IDR 1.7 million/ha/year with MBCR = 1.53. RAVC contribution of mixed crops reached IDR 12.5 million/ha/year with MBCR = 3.79. The application of fertilization and multiple cropping technology encourages greater pepper productivity increase than BEP productivity and pepper prices in year 2017 is also greater than BEP price, so the application of fertilization technology provides postive benefits for the financial performance of pepper farming. The potential economic impact of pepper technology application reached IDR 1 billion/year up to IDR 3.6 billion/year with ROI = 11.37% to 81.37% may still be enhanced by: (1) encouraging the application of fertilization technology, and (2) encouraging farmers to adopt the fertilization technology and multiple cropping correctly, given that pepper productivity is still far below genetic potential. Therefore, efforts are needed to accelerate adoption of innovation.Keywords: white pepper, technology, financial performance, economic impact AbstrakKabupaten Purbalingga sejak lima tahun terkahir telah menjadi sentra produksi lada di Pulau Jawa. Teknologi budidaya yang dilakukan para petani masih beragam sehingga mempengaruhi terhadap kinerja keuangan serta dampak ekonominya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai dengan September 2017 untuk menganalisis kinerja finansial usahatani lada serta potensi dampak ekonomi penerapan teknologi pemupukan dan polikultur. Analisis data dan informasi dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif menggunakan tabulasi silang, kemudian diinterpretasi secara deskriptif, sedangkan analisis kuantitatif meliputi: (1) RAVC dan MBCR untuk menilai kinerja finansial, dan (2) ΔRAVC dan ROI untuk proyeksi dampak ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknologi pemupukan dengan <50% dosis anjuran hanya meningkatkan RAVC Rp1,7 juta/ha/th dengan MBCR=1,53. Kontribusi RAVC tanaman campuran mencapai Rp 12,5 juta/ha/th dengan MBCR=3,79. Penerapan teknologi pemupukan dan polikultur mendorong peningkatan produktivitas lada lebih besar dari pada BEP produktivitas dan harga lada pada tahun tahun 2017 juga lebih besar dari pada BEP harga, sehingga penerapan teknologi pemupukan dan polikultur memberikan manfaat posistif bagi kinerja finansial usahatani lada. Potensi dampak ekonomi penerapan teknologi pemupukan dan polikultur lada mencapai Rp 1 miliar/th sampai dengan Rp 3,6 miliar/th dengan ROI= 11,37% sampai dengan 81,37% masih mungkin ditingkatkan dengan pendekatan: (1) mendorong peningkatan areal penerapan teknologi pemupukan, dan (2) mendorong petani menerapkan teknologi pemupukan dan polikultur secara benar, mengingat capaian produktivitas lada masih jauh di bawah potensi genetis. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya untuk mempercepat adopsi inovasi secara berkesinambungan. Kata kunci: lada putih, teknologi, kinerja finansial, dampak ekonomi
PENGARUH TINGKAT PEMBERIAN AIR PADA TIGA AKSESI SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees )TERHADAP MUTU DAN PRODUKSI SIMPLISIA M. JANUWATI; NUR MASLAHAH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 2 (2008): Juni 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n2.2008.54-60

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian airterhadap tiga aksesi sambiloto untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutusimplisia. Dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balittro (Balai Penelitian TanamanObat dan Aromatik), Bogor, dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2006.Rancangan yang digunakan adalah petak terbagi, dengan ulangan tigakali. Petak utama adalah aksesi sambiloto (3 nomor) yaitu Cmg-1, Cmg 2,dan Blali-1, anak petak adalah pemberian air (5 perlakuan) yaitu 3, 4, 5, 6,dan 7 mm/hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksiantara aksesi sambiloto dan tingkat pemberian air terhadap pertumbuhantanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang dan luas daun), kecuali padaproduksi berat segar 2 bulan setelah tanam (BST) dan produksi beratkering pada 4 BST. Perlakuan Cmg-2 dikombinasi dengan pemberian air 5mm/hari menghasilkan berat segar dan kering tertinggi. Perlakuanpemberian air 3-7 mm/hari/tanaman dapat menghasilkan produksi danmutu simplisia yang dapat memenuhi standar Materia Medika Indonesia(MMI) berdasar kadar air, kadar abu, dan kadar sarinya. Dengan demikiankebutuhan air sambiloto setara dengan palawija atau sayur-sayuran. MutuBlali-1 dan pada perlakuan pemberian air 3 mm/hari menunjukkan kadarsari larut alkohol tertinggi (22,28%) dan Cmg-2 pada perlakuan pemberianair 4 mm/hari menunjukkan kadar sari larut air paling tinggi (28,14%) dankadar andrografolid simplisia 1,78%.Kata kunci : Sambiloto,  Andrographis  paniculata  Nees,  tingkatpemberian air, produksi, mutu simplisiaABSTRACTThe effects of water treatment on some numbers ofaccessions on the quality and production of the sympliciaof sambiloto, the king of bitter (Andrographis paniculataNees )The experiment was carried out to study the effect of watertreatment three accession of sambiloto, the king of bitter, to increase itsproductivity and symplicia. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crop Research Institute(IMACRI), Bogor, from June to December 2006. The experimentarranged in split plot design with three replications, The main factor wasthree accession number of sambiloto i.e. Cmg-1, Cmg-2, and Blali-1,whereas the sub factor was water treatments i.e. 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6mm, and 7 mm/day. The results showed that there was no interactionbetween the numbers of accessions and water treatment on the plantgrowth except for fresh weight production at 2 Month After Planting(MAP) and dry weight production at 4 MAP. Cmg-2 treatment combinedwith water treatment (5 mm/day) produced the highest fresh and dryweight. Water treatment of 3 - 7 mm/day produce the yield and quality thatmeet standard of the Materia Medika Indonesia (the material medical ofIndonesia) based on the water, ash, and gist contents. Therefore, waternecessity of sambiloto is evenly balanced with secondary crops orvegetables. The quality of Blali-1 on the water treatment of 3 mm/dayindicated the highest dissolved gist of alcohol (22.28%) meanwhile theCmg-2 on the water treatment of 4 mm/day showed the highest dissolvedgist of water (28.14%) and andrographolid content of symplicia is 1.78%.Key words : King of bitter, Andrographis paniculata Nees, watertreatment, yield, quality of symplicia
ANALISIS USAHATANI GAMBIR DI SUMATERA BARAT (STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN HARAU, KABUPATEN 50 KOTA) ERMIATI A. F.; PUTI ROSMEILISA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 3 (2001): September, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n3.2001.67-73

Abstract

Analysis of gambir farming system (Uncaria gambir Roxb) in West Sumatra (case study of Harau Sub District, 50 Kota District)Prospect of gambir cither for domestic or export markets is very potential. However, this prospective cash crop, is not immediately followed by the improvement of its productivity and farmers income. This condition, may due to the fact thai until now farmers have used Ihe recommended technology for cultivation and processing and the farmers, have limited capital for developing gambirs farming system. The objective of this research was to study the feasibility and contribution of gambir farming system (o the farmer prosperity, and the constraint of developing gambirs farming system in this region. The research was conducted al Kelinggian villages, Harau f>ub District. 50 Kola District. West Sumatra in November 1999 using survey method. Thirty respondents were taken by simple random farmers income was analyzed through income analyses. While the feasibility of farming system was analyzed through Beneit Cost Ratio, Net Pesent Value (NPV), and Internal Rale of Retun (IRR). The results of feasibility analysis, based on discount factor of 15%. showed thai a gambir farming system at len years old had that B/C Ratio 1.22, NPV Rp. 3 657 433, and IRR 43% At discount factor of 18%. B/C ratio was 1.20, NPV was Rp 2 890 075, and IRR 43%. The share of gambir farming system to farmers income was Rp. 1 1 548 750 or Rp. I 154 875 per hectare per year Based on Ibis study, it was concluded that gambir farming system in Kelinggian Village. Harau Sub Distict, 50 Kota Dislriel was proitable and feasible lo be developed. Recently, the limited capital. becomes a problem for developing gambir farming. This resulted the farmers unable to adopt the technology for cultivation and processing. More over, the bargaining position of farmers is also weak, due to buycr- up system. It is, therefore, suggested that the Village Cooperative Unit (KUD) is supported, in order to supply the production inputs and the product.

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