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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PEMBENTUKAN KALUS DAN EMBRIO SOMATIK KAKAO MENGGUNAKAN THIDIAZURON MELALUI SATU TAHAP INDUKSI KALUS AJIJAH, NUR
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 4 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (22390.526 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n4.2014.179-186

Abstract

ABSTRAKEmbriogenesis somatik kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) telah banyakdilaporkan  dengan  penggunaan  zat  pengatur  tumbuh  (ZPT)  yangbervariasi. Penggunaan thidiazuron untuk menginduksi embriogenesissomatik kakao telah dilaporkan melalui dua tahap induksi kalus. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas thidiazuron menginduksiembriogenesis somatik kakao melalui satu tahap induksi kalus. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Unit Pengembangan BenihUnggul, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Bogor. Empat taraf thidiazuron (0; 2,5;5,0; dan 10 µg/l) dikombinasikan dengan 2,4-D 2 mg/ldigunakan untukmenginduksi kalus dan embrio somatik 3 klon kakao (TSH858, Sca6, danICS13) menggunakan eksplan mahkota bunga dan staminoid. Media dasarDKW tanpa ZPT digunakan sebagai kontrol. Penelitian disusun dalamrancangan lingkungan acak lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Setiap unitpercobaan terdiri dari sepuluh eksplan. Peubah yang diamati meliputipersentase pembentukan kalus umur 2 dan 4 minggu, penampakan visualkalus, persentase eksplan membentuk embrio somatik, dan jumlah embriosomatik per eksplan umur 10 dan 14 minggu. Kalus terbentuk pada mediadengan penambahan hanya 2,4-D atau 2,4-D + thidiazuron, namun embriosomatik hanya terbentuk pada media dengan penambahan 2,4-D +thidiazuron. Pembentukan kalus dan embrio somatik sangat dipengaruhioleh tipe eksplan dan genotipe. Klon Sca6 lebih responsif dibandingkanTSH858 dan ICS13 dan eksplan staminoid lebih responsif dibandingkanmahkota bunga. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh interaksiyang kuat antara ZPT, genotipe, dan tipe eksplan terhadap pembentukankalus dan embrio somatik kakao serta tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil yangnyata antara pembentukan embrio somatik melalui satu dan dua tahapinduksi kalus.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., genotipe, eksplan, zat pengatur tumbuhABSTRACTSomatic embryogenesis of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) has beenwidely reported with varied of plant growth regulators (PGR) used. Theuse of thidiazuron in inducing somatic embryogenesis of cacao has beenreported through a two-step callus induction. The study aimed to evaluatethe effectiveness of thidiazuron in inducing somatic embryogenesis ofcacao through a one-step of callus induction. The study was conducted atthe tissue culture laboratory of Agricultural Seed Development Unit,Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Bogor.Four levels of thidiazuron (0; 2.5; 5.0; and 10 µg/l) in combination with 2mg/l  2,4-D  were  used  for  inducing  callogenesis  and  somaticembryogenesis of three cacao clones (TSH858, Sca6, and ICS13) usingpetals and staminoids explants. DKW basal medium without PGR wasused as a control. The result showed that callus were formed on mediumcontaining only 2,4-D or 2,4-D + thidiazuron, while embryos were onlyformed on medium containing 2,4-D + thidiazuron. The formation ofcallus and somatic embryos were highly affected by explant types andgenotypes. Sca6 clone was more responsive than TSH858 and ICS13 andstaminoids were more responsive than petals. The results of this studyrevealed that there was a strong interaction between the PGRs, genotypes,and explant types on the formation of cacao callus and somatic embryos.Results of this study also showed no significant difference between theformation of somatic embryos through one and two steps of callusinduction.Keywords: Theobroma cacao L., genotypes, explants, plant growthregulators
UJI ADAPTASI NILAM KLON SIDIKALANG DI LAHAN KERING KALIMANTAN TENGAH KRISMAWATI, AMIK; BHERMANA, ANDY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 2 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (138.989 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n2.2010.70-76

Abstract

ABSTRAKKalimantan Tengah mempunyai potensi lahan kering seluas 7,7 jutahektar, namun belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu upaya untukmemanfaatkan lahan tersebut adalah melaksanakan budidaya khususnyanilam. Produktivitas terna kering di tingkat petani masih rendah yaitu 1-1,5ton/ha/tahun. Produktivitas tersebut masih dapat ditingkatkan denganmenggunakan varietas unggul, penanaman nilam pada daerah yang sesuai,dan pemberian pupuk. Penelitian lapangan dilaksanakan di Desa Keruing,Kecamatan Pundu, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur mulai bulan November2003 sampai dengan Oktober 2004. Ketinggian tempat lokasi penelitian 17meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl), jenis tanah ultisol dan tipe iklim B 1.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adaptasi klon dan pemupukannilam yang sesuai di lahan kering Rancangan yang digunakan adalahrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Perlakuanterdiri dari 4 paket teknologi (klon dan pemupukan anorganik) yang terdiridari : A= Klon Aceh tanpa pupuk anorganik (Kontrol); B = Klon Acehdengan pupuk anorganik; C = Klon Sidikalang tanpa pupuk anorganik; danD = Klon Sidikalang dengan pupuk anorganik. Parameter yang diamatimeliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, berat terna segar, berat ternakering, produksi minyak dan mutu minyak. Analisis teknis agronomisuntuk mengevaluasi penerapan teknologi budidaya, mengguna-kanANOVA (Analysis of Variance) sedangkan untuk membandingkan antararata-rata pengamatan setiap variabel yang diuji menggunakan Uji BedaNyata Jujur (BNJ) 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuanklon Sidikalang dengan aplikasi pupuk anorganik (240 kg urea + 70 kg SP-36 kg + 140 kg KCl/ha) menghasilkan produksi minyak sebesar 127,97kg dengan kadar PA (Patchouli alkohol) 27,96%.Kata kunci : Pogostemon cablin BENTH, lahan kering, klon, pupukanorganik, Kalimantan TengahABSTRACTAdaptation test of Sidikalang clone patchouli in dry landof Central KalimantanCentral Kalimantan has potential dry land which covers in area of7.7 million hectare, however it has not yet been optimally used. One effortfor making use of this area is by farming patchouli. The productivity of drybiomass in farmers level is very low 1 – 1.5 ton/ha/year. The productivitycan be increased by using superior variety planting on suitable land andfertilizer application. A field trial was conducted at the Keruing Village,Pundu District, Kotawaringin Timur Regency, from November 2003 toOctober 2004. The location altitude was 17 meter above sea level, soil typeultisols and climate type B 1 according to Oldeman classification. Theobjective of the research was to find out the best variety and dosage offertilizer in dry land. The research used a randomized block design, withfive replications. The treatments tested were four packages of technology(clone and inorganic fertilizer), comprised of A = Aceh clone withoutinorganic fertilizer (Control); B = Aceh clone with inorganic fertilizer, C =Sidikalang clone without inorganic fertilizer, and D = Sidikalang clonewith inorganic fertilizer. According to that circumstance conducted thevarious studies as follows : plant growth, number of branch, fresh herbs,dry herbs, oil yield and Patchouli Alcohol content (PA). For evaluating theagronomical characteristic used ANOVA and Honestly SignificantDifferent (BNJ) 5%. The result showed that combination Sidikalang cloneand inorganic fertilizer (240 kg urea + 70 kg SP-36 kg + 140 kg KCl/ha)produced as much as 127.97 kg oil with Patchouli alcohol (PA) content27.96%.Key words : Pogostemon cablin BENTH, dry land, clone, inorganicfertilizer, Central Kalimantan
SINERGISME ANTARA NEMATODA PATOGEN SERANGGA Steinernema sp. DAN MINYAK BIJI JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS DAN EFEK LANJUTAN LARVA Spodoptera litura F. . Tukimin; Elna Karmawati; Heri Prabowo
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 2 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1606.571 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n2.2014.93-100

Abstract

PERIODE PENUTUPAN TANAH DENGAN MULSA PLASTIK TERHADAP POPULASI URET (Lepidiota stigma FABRICIUS) DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TEBU / The Effect of Plastic Mulch Period on White Grubs Population and Productivity of Sugar Cane SUBIYAKTO SUBIYAKTO; Dwi Adi Sunarto
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (641.619 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.21-28

Abstract

The period of using plastic mulch on white grubs population and productivity of sugar cane at white grubs endemic area was conducted in Banyuputih Village, Situbondo on planting season of 2014/2015. Treatment consisted of 5 plastic mulch period (1) Before raining (SBH), (2) One day after rainfall, 14 mm (1 HSH), (3) Seven days after raining (7 HSH), (4) 14 days after raining (14 HSH), (5) 21 days after raining (21 HSH) and Control (without mulching plastic). Research using Randomized Block Design was repeated 5 times. Parameters observed in white grubs and adult (beetle), percentage of plant damage, productivity of sugar cane and sugar and rainfall data. The results showed that all plastic mulch period treatments significantly reduced white grubs population and crop damage compared with controls. Treatment of plastic mulch period of one and seven days after raining provides a difference in productivity of sugar cane of 83 tons/ha (7.7 tons/ha) and 96 tons/ha (sugar 7.8 tons/ha) above the control and both treatments can be recommended. This research needs to be continued especially to find out the efficiency of using plastic mulch in endemic white grubs area.Keywords: closing period, plastic mulch, white grubs control, population, sugarcane productivity AbstrakPenelitian untuk mengetahui periode penutupan tanah menggunakan mulsa plastik terhadap populasi uret dan produktivitas tebu dilaksanakan di areal endemik uret di Desa Banyuputih, Situbondo pada musim tanam 2014/2015. Perlakuan terdiri atas lima penutupan mulsa plastik (1) Sebelum turun hujan (SBH), (2) Satu hari setelah turun hujan dengan curah hujan 14 mm (1 HSH), (3) Tujuh hari setelah turun hujan (7 HSH), (4) 14 hari setelah turun hujan (14 HSH), (5) 21 hari setelah turun hujan (21 HSH) dan Kontrol (tidak ditutup mulsa plastik). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok diulang lima kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi populasi uret dan dewasa (kumbang), persentase kerusakan tanaman, produktivitas tebu dan hablur serta data curah hujan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan penutupan mulsa plastik secara nyata dapat menekan populasi uret dan kerusakan tanaman apabila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perlakuan penutupan mulsa plastik satu dan tujuh hari setelah turun hujan memberikan selisih produktivitas tebu masing-masing 83 ton/ha (hablur 7,6 ton/ha) dan 96 ton/ha (hablur 7,8 ton/ha) di atas kontrol dan kedua perlakuan tersebut dapat direkomendasikan. Penelitian ini perlu ditindaklanjuti terutama untuk mengetahui efisiensi penggunaan mulsa plastik dalam pengendalian uret pada tanaman tebu di daerah endemik uret.Kata kunci: periode penutupan, mulsa plastik, pengendalian uret, populasi, produktivitas tebu
PENGARUH LOKASI PRODUKSI DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP MUTU BENIH JAHE (Zingiber officinale L.) SUKARMAN, SUKARMAN; RUSMIN, DEVI; MELATI, MELATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 3 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (171.343 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n3.2008.119-124

Abstract

ABSTRAKSalah satu permasalahan dalam budidaya jahe (Zingiber officinaleL.) adalah masih rendahnya produktivitas dan mutu jahe, yang antara laindisebabkan oleh penggunaan bahan tanaman/benih yang masih asalan/kurang memenuhi persyaratan. Usaha untuk penyediaan benih yangbermutu di antaranya dapat dilakukan dengan penanaman di daerah yangtepat serta menyimpan benih dengan cara yang baik dan benar. Sampaisaat ini informasi mengenai mutu benih jahe dari lokasi produksi(ketinggian tempat, jenis lahan dan jenis tanah) yang berbeda masihterbatas. Oleh karena itu, percobaan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untukmempelajari mutu fisik dan fisiologik benih jahe dari lokasi produksiyang berbeda selama periode penyimpanan. Percobaan dilakukan di daerahsentra produksi jahe di Dusun Cipanas, Desa Werasari, KecamatanBantarujek, Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat dari bulan Juli sampaiNovember 2003, dengan menggunakan tiga jenis jahe yaitu: Jahe PutihBesar/JPB (Z. officinale var. officinale), Jahe Putih Kecil /JPK (Z.officinale var. amarum), dan Jahe Merah/JM (Z. officinale var. rubrum).Untuk masing-masing jenis jahe diperlakukan dengan kombinasi lokasiproduksi dan lama penyimpanan. Untuk masing-masing jenis jahepercobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi (RPT) dengan tigaulangan. Petak utama yaitu asal lokasi produksi benih: (1) Cipanaslingkungan tumbuh dengan tinggi tempat ± 600 m dpl, lahan sawah tadahhujan, tekstur tanah liat berpasir, kemiringan 0-10% dan (2). Cipicunglingkungan tumbuh dengan tinggi tempat ± 800 m dpl, lahan tegalan,tekstur tanah debu berpasir, kemiringan 10-20%. Anak petak yaitu periodepenyimpanan : 0, 1, 2, dan 3 bulan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadarair benih, penyusutan bobot benih dan daya tumbuh benih. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk masing-masing jenis jahe (JPB,JPK, dan JM) yang berasal dari Cipanas maupun Cipicung, mempunyaimutu fisik (kadar air dan penyusutan bobot rimpang) tidak nyatadipengaruhi oleh interaksi lokasi produksi dan lama penyimpanan, sertafaktor tunggal lokasi produksi, tetapi nyata dipengaruhi oleh faktortunggal lama penyimpanan Setelah tiga bulan penyimpanan kadar airbenih rimpang dari lokasi produksi Cipanas dan Cipicung untuk JPB masih82,43% dan 80,67%, JPK kadar airnya masih 84,16% dan 81,31%, danJM 69,49% dan 65,88%. Penyusutan bobot rimpang untuk masing-masingjenis jahe dari lokasi produksi Cipanas dan Cipicung sebagai berikut : JPB14,44% dan 14,82% ; JPK 17,84% dan 26,11% ; JM 48,40% dan 37 14%.Daya tumbuh benih setelah 3 bulan penyimpanan untuk masing-masingjenis jahe dari lokasi produksi Cipanas dan Cipicung sebagai berikut : JPB92,00- 93,32%, JPK 85,33- 86,67% dan JM 86,67-89,33%. Kadar airbenih/rimpang jahe menurun, sedangkan penyusutan bobot rimpangmeningkat sejalan dengan lamanya penyimpanan. JPB, JPK dan JM yangberasal dari Cipanas maupun Cipicung dapat disimpan selama tiga bulan,tanpa mengalami penurunan mutu fisik dan fisiologik yang berarti.Kata kunci : Zingiber officinale, lokasi produksi benih, lamapenyimpanan, mutu benihABSTRACTProduction effect of locations and storage periods onginger seeds qualityProblems of ginger cultivation are low productivity and quality ofginger due to low quality of ginger seed for planting materials. Highquality of ginger seed will be achieved by planting ginger seed in suitableplace and methods. Recently, the information concerning the quality ofginger seed from different production location (altitude, soil types andarea) is still limited. Based on the problems, this experiment wasconducted with special aim to study the physical and physiological qualityof ginger seed from different sources of seed during storage periods. Theexperiment was conducted at the producer center i.e. of ginger, Cipanas,Werasari Village, Sub District Bantarujek, District Majalengka, from Julyto November, 2003. The experiment used three kinds of ginger namelywas white big ginger (Z. officinale var. officinale), small white ginger (Z.officinale var. amarum) and red ginger (Z. officinale var. rubrum). Theexperiment was arranged in split-plot design with 3 replications. The mainfactor was two productions location, there were: ginger seed produced inCipanas (altitude ± 600m above sea level, rain fed area, clay sandy, andslope 0-10%) and ginger seed produce in Cipicung (altitude ± 800m abovesea level, upland area, clay sandy, and slope 10 -20%). The sub plot were0, 1, 2 and 3 month periods of storage. Variables were observed includemoisture content, weight and germination percentage of gingerseed/rhizome after three months storage. The results of experimentindicated that for each kind of ginger (white big ginger, white small gingerand red ginger) physical quality (moisture content of seeds and loosingweight of seed) had no significant interaction between location productionand period of storage or single factor of location production. However,they were significantly effected by single factor periods of storage. After 3months storage, the moisture content of white big ginger produced fromCipanas were 82,43% and 80,67%. For white small ginger the moisturecontend were 84,16% and 81,31%, especially white small ginger producedfrom Cipanas and Cipicung. While the moisture content of red ginger seedproduced from Cipanas and Cipicung were 69,47% and 63,88%. Weightdecrease for each kinds of ginger produced from Cipanas and Cipicungwere as follows white big ginger 14,44% and 14,82%, white small ginger17,84% and 26,11%, red ginger 48,40% and 37,14%. After 3 monthsstorage the germination percentage for each kind of ginger produced fromCipanas and Cipicung were as follows white big ginger 92,00% and93,32%, white small ginger 86,67% and 83,33% and red ginger 89,33%and 86,67%.Key words : Zingiber officinale, location of seed production, storageperiods, seed quality
PENGARUH BEBERAPA CARA PEMANGKASAN TAJUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb) ZULKIFLI HASAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 4 (2001): Desember, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1046.832 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n4.2001.120-123

Abstract

Effect of pruning on the growth and yield of gambir (Uncaria gambir)Gambir is harvested by pruning Uie branches, twigs and leaves. Improving pruning method in harvesting Ihe crop may cnchancc (o increase the yield of dry gambir where al prcscnl (he yield was 632 kg/ha. Therefore, different techniques of pruning were studied, including : table, clean, and deep prunnings, and pruning technique adapted by farmers as the control The study was conducted in the Laing Experiment Farm, Solok, from April 2000 to February 2001. The experiment was designed as a randomized block in 6 replicates. Results showed that pruning conducted al harvest improved the growth of plant and increase the yield of dry gambir. The highest yield of dry gambir compared with table pruning produced 735,25 kg/ha, significantly higher than deep pruning (371, 25 kg/ha), clean pruning (464.40 kg/ha) or pruning adapted by farmer (521 kg/ha). The last three methods were not signiicantly different in terms of the yield.
KARAKTERISASI SIFAT MORFOLOGI DAN PENYEBARAN KAYU AKWAY (Drymis sp.) DI PAPUA BARAT SYAKIR, M.; BERMAWIE, N.; AGUSTA, H.; PAISEY, E.N.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.169-173

Abstract

ABSTRAKKayu akway merupakan tumbuhan obat yang banyak digunakanoleh masyarakat suku Arfak di Papua Barat. Tanaman ini digunakansebagai obat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan seksual dan stamina untukberaktivitas. Penelitian mengenai karakter morfologi dan penyebarantanaman akway telah dilakukan di Distrik Menyambouw, Manokwari padaketinggian 1.200, 1.600, 2.000, dan 2.400 m dml sejak bulan Septembersampai November 2007. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah petaktunggal berdasarkan fase pertumbuhan yang ditentukan secara purposifdibuat sebanyak 3 petak sehingga setiap ketinggian diperoleh 12 petakpercobaan dimana masing-masing petak diambil 3 sampel untuk masing-masing spesies yang ditemukan. Hasil identifikasi morfologi dari sampeltanaman yang ada ditemukan tiga jenis kayu akway pada berbagaiketinggian, yaitu : kayu akway putih (Drymis winterii), merah besar(Drymis piperita), dan merah kecil (Drymis beccariana). Perbedaanmorfologi dari ketiga spesies ditunjukkan oleh pepagan bagian luar, arahtumbuh batang, model aksitektur, warna pucuk, warna daun, susunan daun,bentuk helaian daun, dan tepi daun. Hasil analisis fitokomia dari ekstrakdaun, kulit batang, dan akar dari ketiga spesies kayu akway terbuktimengandung senyawa afrodisiak seperti : saponin, alkaloid, dan steroid.Populasi tanaman kayu akway putih jumlahnya meningkat pada ketinggianyang bertambah tinggi, kayu akway merah besar populasinya relatif samauntuk setiap ketinggian yang berubah, sedangkan kayu akway merah kecilsemakin tinggi elevasi tanaman semakin banyak jumlahnya. Hasilidentifikasi tipe tanah dan iklim tempat tumbuh ketiga spesies kayu akwayini ternyata mengandung C organic 3,95%, N total 0,34% dan phosphor13,10 ppm, serta tumbuh di dataran tinggi dengan suhu udara rata-rata18,5ºC, kelembapan 70% dan intensitas matahari 898 candle.Kata kunci : Drymis sp., karakterisasi, morfologi, penyebaranABSTRACTMorphology Characterization and Spread of Drymis sp.In West PapuaDrymis sp. is one of the medicinal plants used in Arfak ethnic inMenyambouw, Manokwari Papua Barat. Part of the plant extract (root,leaf, bark and trunk) used to increase stamina for their activity. This studyconducted to find out the morphology characters and spread of Drymis sp.in different elevation e.q. 1,200, 1,600, 2,000 and 2,400 m above sea levelfrom September to November 2007. Experimental design for this studyused compartment method based on growth phase which is determined bypurposively in every elevation 3 plots or 12 plots for 3 species in the sameelevation. In each species will be selected 3 plants for sample. Afteridentification of sample, data of morphology character will be recorded ineach species, chemical component of soil in the area of study, and locationspread from each species. The results show that 3 species of Drymis sp.found in that area e.q. Drymis winterii, Drymis piperita, and Drymisbeccariana. There were morphological differences of the species; onoutside of bark, direction of stem, tree architectures, leaf color, leaf shape,leaf formation, and leaf apex. Result of phytochemical analysis derivedfrom leaf, bark and root extract of the three species of Drymis sp. provedthat there were higher contents of saponin, alkaloid, and steroidconcentrations known as part of afrodisiak component. Soil and climate ofthis study area contained 3.95% C-organic, 0.34% total N, and 13.10 ppmphosphor. This Drymis species grew in higher altitude with airtemperature, RH, and sunlight intensity of 18.5ºC, 70%, and 898 candlerespectevely. Based on different level of altitude at 1200, 1600, 2000, and2400 m above sea level, result showed that D. winterii increased theirnumber of population compared to other species. In D. peperita, theinfluence of altitude to number of population was relatively the same. Butin D. beccariana, population decreased in higher elevation. The soil onwhich the plants grew contained 3.95% organic C, 0.34% total N, and13.10 ppm phosphor with the average air temperature of 18.5°C, relativehumidity 70%, and sunlight intensity of 898 candles.Key words : Drymis sp., charaterization, morphology, spread
IDENTIFIKASIWERENG PUCUK JAMBU METE , Sanurus indecora DAN BEBERAPA ASPEK BIOLOGINYA nFN SISWANTO; E. A. WIKARDI; E. KARMAWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 4 (2003): Desember 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1295.101 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n4.2003.157-161

Abstract

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir tanaman jambu mete di NTB diserang oleh wercng pucuk. yang semula dikenal sebagai Lawana sp. atau L. Candida. Penamaan tersebut tidak tepat karena tidak didukung oleh penelitian taksonomi yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serangga wereng pucuk tersebut berdasarkan ciri morfologi serta mcmpelajari beberapa aspek biologinya. Identiikasi dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro), Bogor dan Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biologi LIPI, Cibinong dari September - Nopember 2002, sedang pengamatan lapang di lakukan di daerah Lombok, NTB pada tahun 2001-2002. Dai identifikasi terhadap serangga contoh yang diambil dai beberapa lokasi di Lombok, NTB dapat disimpulkan bahwa wereng pucuk jambu mete tersebut adalah Sanurus indecora Jacobi. Beberapa cii utama serangga ini antara lain pada bentuk dan venasi sayap depan (legmen), jumlah spina (duri) lateral pada tibia kaki belakang, bentuk carina pada frons (muka bagian atas) dan bentuk aedeagus (genitalia jantan). Hasil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa daerah sebaran serangga tersebut terdapat di daerah Lombok dan Sumbawa, mempunyai banyak inang antara lain mangga, jeruk, krotalaria, jarak, rambutan, bougcnville dan nangka, siklus hidup 3 -4 minggu, seekor imago mampu meletakkan telur 80 butir atau lebih serta mempunyai beberapa musuh alami antara lain parasitoid telur, Aphanomerus sp. dan jamur entomopatogen, Synnematium sp. dan atau Hirsulella citriformis.Kata kunci: Wereng pucuk, jambu mete, Sanurus indecora ABSTRACTIdentiication of cashew shoot hopper, S. indecora and its biological aspectsIn the last few years, cashew plantations in West Nusa Tenggara has been attacking by shoot hopper, which formerly known as Lawana sp. or L. Candida. The naming was incorrect as there was not supported by accurate taxonomic study. The research was aimed at identifying the insect based on its morphological characteristics and studying its biological aspects in the ield. Identification was carried out in Balittro (Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops), Bogor and Biological Research and Development Centre LIPI, Cibinong from September Nopember 2002, while ield observation was carried out in Lombok, NTB duing 2001-2002. Identification result showed that the shoot hopper is Sanurus indecora Jacobi. Some important characteristics of the insect arc the form and venation of tegmen, number of metatibial spina, form of carina on the frons and Ihe aedeagus. Results of the ield observation showed that the insect spreads in Lombok and Sumbawa. The alternative host plants are mango, citrus, Crolalaria, Ricmus commums, rambutan, Bougenville and Jackfruit. Its life cycle is 3 -4 weeks, female could lay 80 eggs or more. They have some natural enemies such as egg parasitoid, Aphanomerus sp. and entomopathogen fungi. Synnematium sp. or Hirsulella cilnformts.Key words : Shool hopper, Anacardium occidentale. Sanurus indecora
KANDUNGAN ASAM LAURAT PADA BERBAGAI VARIETAS KELAPA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU VCO NOVARIANTO, HENGKY; TULALO, MEITY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 1 (2007): MARET 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (167.073 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n1.2007.28-33

Abstract

ABSTRAKPeluang pengembangan agribisnis kelapa dengan produk bernilaiekonomi tinggi sangat besar, antara lain Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Mutuproduk dari VCO di antaranya ditentukan dari kandungan asam lemakrantai medium, MCFA (C 6 -C 12 ) dan asam laurat (C12:0). Penelitiananalisis keragaman asam lemak pada koleksi plasma nutfah kelapa telahdilakukan pada 35 varietas kelapa yang ditanam di Kebun PercobaanMapanget, Balitka tahun 2005. Teknologi proses VCO sebagai sampelmenggunakan proses pemanasan bertahap, dan sebagian sampel meng-gunakan cara fermentasi. Sampel VCO dari 35 varietas kelapa ini dikirimke Laboratorium Terpadu IPB Bogor untuk dianalisis kadar asamlemaknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragamankandungan asam lemak, khususnya asam laurat pada berbagai varietaskelapa yang cocok untuk bahan baku VCO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa keragaman kandungan MCFA dan kadar asam laurat dipengaruhioleh varietas kelapa, tinggi tempat tumbuh, teknologi proses VCO dantempat analisis laboratorium. Hasil analisis asam lemak dari VCO pada 35aksesi kelapa koleksi Balitka Manado diperoleh bahwa total kandunganMCFA pada kelapa Dalam lebih tinggi dari kelapa Genjah. Totalkandungan MCFA kelapa Dalam antara 47,35% sampai 57,89%,sedangkan pada kelapa Genjah antara 45,45% sampai 55,68%. Dari 35aksesi kelapa ini diperoleh bahwa total MCFA di atas 56% ditemukanpada 10 aksesi kelapa Dalam, yaitu Dalam Kinabuhutan, Dalam Tontalete,Dalam Kalasey, Dalam Wusa, Dalam Pungkol, Dalam Mapanget 55 danDalam Mapanget 99 asal Sulawesi Utara, lalu Dalam Lubuk Pakam asalSumatera Utara, Dalam Banyuwangi asal Jawa Timur, dan Dalam Paluasal Sulawesi Tengah. Kandungan asam laurat (C12:0) pada VCO darikelapa Dalam lebih tinggi sekitar 2%-3% dibandingkan dengan kelapaGenjah. Kadar asam laurat pada 35 aksesi kelapa beragam antara terendah36,04% pada kelapa Genjah Hijau Nias asal Sumut, sampai tertinggi44,19% pada kelapa Dalam Kinabuhutan asal Sulut. Aksesi kelapa yangmengandung kadar asam laurat di atas 43% adalah kelapa DalamKinabuhutan, Dalam Tontalete, Dalam Lubuk Pakam, Dalam Wusa danDalam Mapanget 55. Kelapa yang sama varietasnya dan ditanam pada dualokasi yang berbeda tinggi tempatnya diperoleh kadar asam laurat padakopra di dataran rendah (80 m dpl.) ternyata lebih tinggi antara 1,78%sampai 3,94% dibandingkan yang berasal dari dataran tinggi (450 m dpl.).Teknologi fermentasi menghasilkan kandungan asam laurat rata-rata lebihtinggi antara 2,03% sampai 3,48% pada empat varietas kelapa Dalam darilima varietas yang diuji.Kata kunci : Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, varietas, pasca panen, asam lemak,asam laurat, minyak kelapa, Sulawesi UtaraABSTRACTLauric acid profile of various coconut varieties as rawmaterial for VCOCoconut agribusiness development has large opportunity to producehigh value coconut product, such as Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Thequality of VCO is determined by the content of medium chain fatty acid,MCFA (C 6 -C 12 ) and lauric acid (C12:0). Analysis of fatty acid variationfrom coconut germplasm collection was done on 35 coconut varietiesplanted at Mapanget Experimental Garden, ICOPRI in 2005. Theprossesing technology of VCO used step heating, and some samples alsoused fermentation. The VCO samples of 35 coconut varieties was sent toIntegrated Laboratory of IPB Bogor to find out the content of fatty acids.The purpose of the study was to know the variability of fatty acid contents,especially for lauric acid content in various coconut varieties as rawmaterials for VCO. The research result showed that the content of MCFAand lauric acid was influenced by coconut varieties, altitude of coconutpalm growth, processing technology of VCO and defferent laboratories foranalysis the fatty acids. The result of fatty acids analysis of VCO from 35coconut accessions of ICOPRI germplasm collection found that total ofMCFA content on tall coconut is higher than dwarf coconut. Total ofMCFA content on tall coconut ranges 47.35%-57.89%, whereas on dwarfcoconut it ranges of 45.45%-55.68%. From 35 coconut accessions, therewere 10 accessions that showed total MCFA higher than 56% namely:Kinabuhutan Tall, Tontalete Tall, Kalasey Tall, Wusa Tall, Pungkol Tall,Mapanget 55 Tall and Mapanget 99 Tall from North Sulawesi, and thenLubuk Pakam Tall from North Sumatera, Banyuwangi Tall from East Java,and Palu Tall from Central Sulawesi. Lauric acid content of VCO of tallcoconut was higher 2%-3% compared to dwarf coconut. Lauric acidcontent of 35 coconut accessions varied from the lowest 36.04% on NiasGreen Dwarf from North Sumatera, up to the highest 44.19% onKinabuhutan Tall from North Sulawesi. Coconut accessions that havelauric acid content higher than 43% were Kinabuhutan Tall, Totalete tall,Lubuk Pakam Tall, Wusa Tall and Mapanget 55 Tall. The same varietiesof tall and hybrid coconut planting on two different altitudes showed thelauric acid content of copra on lowland plain (80 m above sea level) washigher between 1.78% to 3.94% compared to the same varieties on uplandplain (450 m above sea level). The fermentation processing technology ofVCO has resulted average of lauric acid content are higher between 2.03%to 3.48% on four varieties of coconut tall, from the five varieties. In thefuture it is necessary to develope the protocol of VCO which is matchedwith Indonesian National Standardization of VCO.Key words: Coconut, Cocos nucifera, variety, pest harvest, fatty acid,lauric acid, coconut oil, North Sulawes
SUBSTITUSI LEMAK KAKAO DENGAN MINYAK DARI INTI KELAPA SAWIT DAN KELAPA TERHIDROGENASI UNTUK PRODUK COKELAT SUSU / Substitution of Cocoa Butter with Hydrogenated Oil From Palm Kernel and Coconut for Milk Chocolate Product Elsera Br Tarigan; Juniaty Towaha; Tajul Iflah; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 4 (2016): Desember, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1171.016 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n4.2016.167-175

Abstract

Many studies have been conducted to obtain equivalens, substitutent and replacers of cocoa butter, but limited application was observed for their application in milk chocolate. Research carried out in the Bioindustry Laboratory of Balittri, from January to December 2015. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the hydrogenated oil addition from palm kernel (MIKS-H) and coconut (MK-H) as substituents of cocoa butter (LKo) on milk chocolate product. Cocoa was processed for milk chocolate by adding various cocoa butter substitutens including 100% LKo (A); LKo - MIKS-H 70:30 (B) and 50:50 (C), respectively; LKo - MK-H 70:30 (D) and 50:50 (E), respectively; and LKo – MIKS-H – MK-H 33:33:33 (F). Several properties of products such as melting point, texture, colors, volatil organic compound, and organoleptic test were measured. As results, a mixture of LKo and MK-H 50:50 yielded a milk chocolate with lower melting temperature, 32 – 33oC. Whereas, MIKS-H 50% added in the mixture harder 16.25 times than LKo 100%. Total volatile compounds in milk chocolate was 25- 30. Organoleptic test with overall parameter indicates that panelists preferred milk chocolate formula E. In general, MIKS-H and MK-H were able to be used as a substitute of LKo.Keywords: Cocoa butter, fat substitution, milk chocolate AbstrakPenelitian tentang substitusi lem ak kakao telah banyak dilakukan, namun aplikasinya pada cokelat susu serta pengaruhnya terhadap mutu dan kesukaan konsumen belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan minyak terhidrogenasi dari inti kelapa sawit (MIKS-H) dan kelapa (MK-H) sebagai substitusi lemak kakao (LKo) untuk produk cokelat susu. Kakao diolah menjadi produk cokelat susu dengan penambahan substituen lemak kakao yang beragam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioindustri Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri) dimulai bulan Januari sampai Desember 2015. Perlakuan meliputi 100% LKo (A); LKo - MIKS-H dengan rasio 70:30 (B) dan 50:50 (C); LKo - MK-H dengan rasio 70:30 (D) dan 50:50 (E); serta LKo – MIKS-H – MK-H dengan rasio 33:33:33 (F). Parameter yang diuji adalah titik leleh, tekstur, warna, profil senyawa volatil dan uji kesukaan. Penambahan LKo dan MK-H dengan rasio 50:50 menghasilkan cokelat susu dengan kisaran titik leleh yang lebih rendah yaitu 32-33oC. Sementara, penambahan MIKS-H 50% dapat meningkatkan kekerasan cokelat sampai 16,25 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan penggunaan 100% LKo. Kisaran jumlah senyawa volatil produk cokelat susu dari enam formula adalah 25–30. Hasil uji organoleptik parameter overall (keseluruhan) menunjukkan bahwa panelis menyukai cokelat susu formula E. Secara umum MIKS-H dan MK-H dapat digunakan sebagai substituen lemak kakao. Kata kunci: Lemak kakao, substitusi lemak kakao, cokelat susu

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