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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS PUCUK TEH PADA BERBAGAI KETINGGIAN TEMPAT / Impact of Climate Changes on Leaves Productivity in Various Elevation Levels Salwa L. Dalimoenthe; Restu Wulansari; Erdiansyah Rezamela
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 3 (2016): September, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n3.2016.135-141

Abstract

Rainfall is one of the climate elements influence the growth and leaves productivity of tea plant. During 2005-2014 El-Nino had happened with strong intensity in late 2009 and early 2010. El Nino influence on changes in rainfall patterns and decreasing leaves production. This experiment was conducted to determine the impact of climate change on leaves productivity at each elevation level of tea plantation. The experiments conducted in 9 tea plantation in West Java, grouped in to 3 different elevation levels based on Schoorel 1974, low elevation level plantaion (<800 above MSL), medium elevation level (800-1200 above MSL), high elevation level plantation (>1200 above MSL) and presented in histogram and graphic to descript the annual distribution pattern. The results showed that the decreasing rainfall pattern in high and middle elevation tea plantation in 2010-2014 (after El-Nino) compare to 2005- 2009 (before El-Nino). The productivity of the tea plant at each elevation in 2011-2014 was lower than in 2005-2008. In high elevation tea plantation there is a close relationship between decreased in rainfall patterns followed by a decrease in productivity with linear regression value R2 = 0.85.Keywords: climate change, rainfall, leaves poductivity, tea plantation, altitude level AbstrakSalah satu unsur iklim yang berpengaru h terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas pucuk tanaman teh adalah curah hujan. Selama periode tahun 2005-2014 telah terjadi El-Nino dengan intensitas terkuat pada akhir tahun 2009 dan awal 2010. Peristiwa El-Nino ini berpengaruh terhadap pola curah hujan dan berakibat kepada penurunan produksi tanaman teh. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan iklim terhadap penurunan produktivitas pucuk teh pada berbagai ketinggian tempat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 9 perkebunan teh di Jawa Barat yang dikelompokkan menjadi 3 ketinggian tempat berdasarkan Schoorel 1974 yaitu perkebunan teh dataran rendah (<800 m dpl), sedang (800-1200 mdpl) dan tinggi (>1200 m dpl). Pengumpulan dan pengamatan data iklim (curah hujan) dan produksi dilakukan terhadap data 10 tahun terakhir (2005-2014), disajikan dalam bentuk grafik dan histogram untuk melihat pola sebaran tiap tahunnya. Hubungan antara curah hujan dengan produktivitas pucuk dianalisis dengan metode regresi linear. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan intensitas curah hujan di perkebunan teh dataran tinggi dan dataran sedang tahun 2010-2014 (sesudah El-Nino) dibandingkan tahun 2005-2009 (sebelum El-Nino). Produktivitas tanaman teh di tiap ketinggian tempat pada tahun 2011-2014 lebih rendah dibanding tahun 2005-2008. Pada perkebunan teh dataran tinggi, penurunan produktivitas seiring dengan penurunan curah hujan, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hubungan linear yang erat dengan nilai R2 = 0,85.Kata kunci: perubahan iklim, curah hujan, produktivitas pucuk teh, perkebunan teh, ketinggian tempat
UJI ADAPTASI VARIETAS UNGGUL TEBU PADA KONDISI AGROEKOLOGI LAHAN KERING / Adaptation Test of Superior Varieties Sugarcane in Dryland Agroecological Conditions BUDI SANTOSO; MASTUR MASTUR; DJUMALI DJUMALI; SUMINAR DIYAH NUGRAHENI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 3 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n3.2015.109-116

Abstract

ABSTRAKPemilihan  varietas unggul  baru  yang  beradaptasi  pada  kondisi agroekologi kering merupakan langkah yang bijak dalam mendukung program pengembangan tebu. Karena kebutuhan air tanaman tebu di lahan kering  hanya  dipenuhi  dari  hujan, diperlukan  strategi  untuk  tetap mengoptimalkan produksi dengan mengeliminasi cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai dengan November 2012 untuk melakukan pengujian terhadap adaptasi enam varietas unggul tebu yang toleran terhadap lahan kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Ngemplak, Pati. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi yang diulang sebanyak lima kali. Juringan (sistem tanam tebu dalam baris) yang digunakan berukuran panjang 8 m dan lebar 10 m, serta jarak pusat ke pusat (pkp) 1 m. Parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase tumbuh,  tinggi  tanaman,  panjang  batang,  jumlah  dan  panjang  ruas, diameter batang, bobot batang per meter, persen brix nira, dan rendemen. Hasil   penelitian   menunjukkan  bahwa  varietas  Kentung   dan   BL menghasilkan bobot tebu (721,75 g/m dan 749,25 g/m) dengan rendemen masing-masing sebesar 8,54% dan 8,25%. Kedua varietas ini cocok untuk dikembangkan pada kondisi agroekologi lahan kering.Kata kunci: Saccharum officinarum, uji adaptasi, lahan kering, varietas unggul  ABSTRACTSelection of new superior varieties adapted to dry agroecology was a wise move to support the development of sugarcane. In general, the land thus fulfilled its water from the rain. Therefore we need a strategy for optimizing the production of sugarcane by eliminating barriers. In fiscal year 2012 research activities was  carried out to test six varieties of sugarcane for sugar cane clones tolerant of dry land. Research activities were located at Ngemplak, Pati. The design used is split plot design repeated 5 times. Plot size, are 8 m long, 10 m wide and center to center distance 1 m. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by LSD 5%. The parameters observed were growth percentage, plant height, stem lenght, number of segments, segment length, stem diameter, weight stem per meter, percent brix of sap, and yield of sugarcane per meter. The results are superior sugarcane varieties, BL and Kentung varieties produce cane weight 721.75 g / m and 749.25 g / m showed  that  respectively;  and  yield     8.54%  and 8.25% the highest respectively. Both varieties  are s uitable to be developed in dry land agroecological condition.Keywords:  Saccharum officinarum, adaptation test, dry land, superior varieties
EFEKTIVITAS TEKNIK KONSERVASI LAHAN DALAM MENEKAN EROSI DAN PENYAKIT LINCAT DJAJADI, .; MASTUR, .; DALMADIYO, GEMBONG; MURDIYATI, A. S.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 4 (2004): Desember, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n4.2004.135-141

Abstract

Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Glapansari, Kecamatan Parakan, Kabupaten Temanggung pada bulan Maret sampai Desember tahun 2001 untuk mcngcvaluasi pengaruh penerapan teknik konservasi lahan dalam pengendalian erosi dan penyakit lincat terhadap erosi, sifat fisik tanah, populasi patogen, kematian tanaman, serta hasil tembakau. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah teknik pengendalian erosi yang meliputi penanaman rumput Setaria pada bibir teras dan tanaman Elemingia congesta pada bidang tampingan, seta pembuatan rorak di dasar saluran teras dan pengolahan tanah minimum. Perlakuan tersebut dikombinasikan dengan teknologi pengendalian penyakit lincat, yaitu penanaman galur tembakau tahan (BC3-C51) dan pembcian/penyemprotan mikrobia antagonis Aspergillus fumigatus dan Bacillus cereus. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua perlakuan (konservasi dan kontrol) dan enam ulangan. Setiap satuan percobaan tersusun atas petak berukuran 22 m x 4 m dan masing-masing dipasang satu unit bak penampung erosi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknik konservasi dapat menekan besanya erosi dari 30.2 ton/ha menjadi 16.7 ton/ha atau turun 44.8 %. Kombinasi teknik pengendalian penyakit lincat dapat menekan perkembangan patogen lincat dan mengurangi kematian tanaman tembakau sebesar 53.6%. Hasil daun tembakau basah dan rajangan kering pada perlakuan konservasi masing-masing 41.7% dan 42.1% dibanding kontrol.Kata kunci: Tembakau, Nicotiana tabacum, tembakau temanggung. konservasi tanah, erosi, patogen tanah ABSTRACTEffectiveness of land conservation technique in reducing soil erosion and lincat plant diseasesField trial was conducted in Glapansari Village, Parakan, Temang¬ gung District from March to December 2001 to evaluate the effect of land conservation by controlling soil erosion and plant disease on soil erosion, soil physical characteristics, soil pathogens population, dead tobacco plant, and tobacco yield. The treatments were soil conservation technique by planting of Setaria grass on Ihe terrace edge and planting Elemingia congesta on the riser, and digging of sediment trap on the base of terrace ditch. The treatments were planting tobacco line (BC3-C51) tolerant to lincat disease combined with the application of antagonistic microbes (Aspergillus fumigatus and Bacillus cereus). The research used complete randomized block design with two treatments and six replications. Each expeimental units composed of plot sized 22 m x 4 m and soil erosion collector. Results showed that the land conservation technique reduced soil erosion rom 30.2 to 16.7 tones/ha or 44.8%. This technique reduced soil pathogen population and dead tobacco plant 53.6%. The land conservation technique increased signiicantly tobacco fresh leaves yield 41.7% and dried sliced tobacco yield 42.1 % compared to that of control.Key words: Tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, temanggung tobacco, soil conservation, erosion, soil pathogen
PERBANYAKAN KLON LADA VARIETAS PANNIYUR SECARA IN VITRO YELNITITIS, YELNITITIS; BERMAWIE, NURLIANI; Syafaruddin, SYAFARUDDIN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 5, No 3 (1999): Desember, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v5n3.1999.109-114

Abstract

Multiplication ofpepper clone variety Panniyur in vitroThe study was conducted to determine effect of Benzyl Adenine (BA) on shoot multiplication and regeneration capacity of callus fom vaiety Panniyur. This esearch was undertaken at the Laboratory of Plant Genetic Resources and Beeding from Apil to October 1998. Nodal segment was used as explant source, taken from plantlet already gown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The expeiment was divided into two steps, shoot multiplication and regeneration of callus. The BA concentration used for shoot multiplication was 0.3, 1.0, 1 .5, 2.0. 2.5,3.0. and 5.0 mg/1 while for callus regeneration was 0.3. 0 5, and 0.7 mg/1. The expeiment was designed as completely randomized with 10 and 6 replications, respectively. Results showed thai the treatment with BA 2.5 mg/1 appeared to be the best medium for shoot multiplication indicated by the highest number of shoot, number of leaves and shoot height as much as 10.3, 5.6. and 4.40 cm in eight weeks, respectively. Culture performance from such culture was also the best with green leaves, fesh and vigorous. Addition of BA 0.7 mg/1 onto regeneration medium also the best treatment for shoot egeneration fom callus with average number of shoot 8.67. From such treatment was also obtained the highest growth rate with 4.35 cm shoot height and culture performance showing green leaves, average size and vigorous.
PENGARUH PUPUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN MENTE BELUM MENGHASILKAN (TBM) DI BAYAN LOMBOK DARAS, USMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 4 (2002): Desember, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n4.2002.121-125

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis dan komposisi pupuk NPK terhadap petumbuhan tanaman jambu mente muda (TBM) yang ditanam pada tanah regosol coklal keabu-abuan di Desa Anyar - Bayan (Lombok Barat) dari tahun 1997 sampai 2000. Perlakuan pupuk yang diuji adalah: (1) Taraf pemberian pupuk: 0, 150, 300, 450, 600 dan 750 g NPK/pohon/tahun; dan (2) Komposisi pupuk NPK (2:1:1, 1:1:1, dan 1:1:2). Perlakuan pupuk disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 2 ulangan dan ukuran petak 4 pohon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh intcraksi nyata antara perlakuan dosis dan komposisi pupuk NPK terhadap petumbuhan tanaman jambu mente muda. Sedangkan faktor tunggalnya, dosis maupun komposisi pupuk, berpengaruh nyata terhadap petumbuhan tanaman. Dosis pupuk yang memadai untuk mendukung petumbuhan tanaman secara normal menurut stadia (umur) adalah 100, 200, 400 dan 600 g NPK (dalam N, P20, dan KjO) per pohon per tahun, masing-masing unluk 1, 2, 3 dan 4 tahun. Sedangkan komposisi pupuk NPK yang dianjurkan adalah NPK 1:1:2 untuk tanaman umur 1 -2 tahun, dan NPK 2:1:1 tanaman umur 3 - 4 tahun.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale, jambu mente, pupuk ABSTRACT Effect of fertilizer application on the growth of young cashew plants in Bayan, LombokThis study was conducted on young cashew trees grown in grayish- brown regosol soil located in Anyar Bayan (West Lombok) rom 1997 to 2000. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of NPK fertilizer and its composition on Uie growlh of me crops. The treatments were: (1) fetilizer rates (0, 150, 300, 450, 600 and 750 g NPK /tree/year); and (2) composition of NPK (2:1:1, 1:1:1 and 1:1:2). The treatments were arranged in randomized block design with 2 replicates, 4 plants per plot. Results showed that there was no significant interaction between fertilizer rate and its composition on the growth of the plants. Individually, however, both fertilizer rate and NPK composition significantly affected growlh of young cashew trees. Adequate rates of fertilizer application were 100, 200, 400 and 600 g NPK (in N, P2Oj dan KjO) per tree per year for 1, 2, 3 and 4 years old, respectively. Whereas, fetilizer compositions of NPK 1:1:2 and NPK 2:1:1 were suitable for young trees of 1-2 and 3-4 years old, respectively.Keywords: Anacardium occidentale. cashew, fertilizer, application, plant growth, Lombok
INDEX SUBYEK Jurnal Littri
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 2 (2017): Desember, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n2.2017.%p

Abstract

KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN KIMIA DARI PRODUK BIOINDUSTRI CANGKANG JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale) / Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Bioindustry Products of Cashewnuts Shell (Anacardium occidentale) Andi Saenab; K. G. Wiryawan; Retnani Y.; E. Wina
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 2 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n2.2016.81-90

Abstract

The shell of the cashew nut industry waste has the potential to produce a product that is biofat bioindustry, biochar and biosmoke. The research aims to produce three products bioindustry, observe the physical and chemical characteristics. Eggshell processed into a particle size of 1 cm and 2 mm size, extracted with hexane and extraction evaporated to obtain Biofat. The residue biofat charred shell after the extract to produce Biochar and Biosmoke. Proximate analysis performed on fresh shells, biofat, biochar and biosmoke. The result biofat yield increased three-fold when the size of the shell is reduced to 2 mm (17.81 g/100g BK), while biochar and biosmoke increased two-fold when the size of the shell is enlarged 1 cm (30.82 g/100g BK and 5:13 g/100g BK). Biofat containing coarse fat and high total phenol (94.43 g/100g biofat, 46 mg/100g biofat) and total phenol containing biosmoke quite high (7.2 mg/100g biosmoke) on a large particle size. The results of GC-MS analysis showed biofat and biosmoke acidic anacardic high (74%) and biochar contains minerals especially high ash content (6:56%), Ca (0.69%), and P (12:23%) 2-fold increase in the particle size of the shell smaller than the large. Mineral Fe (695 mg/kg) more contained shells of large particles, whereas the characteristic biosmoke have a high acid content (pH 3). Cashew nut shell bioindustry products have specific physical and chemical characteristics to be used in various fields including livestock, agriculture or food.
UJI MULTILOKASI GALUR HARAPAN TEMBAKAU MADURA . SUWARSO; A. S. MURDIYATI; ANIK HERWATI; GEMBONG DALMADIYO; JOKO HARTONO; . SLAMET; K. ACHMAD FARID
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 2 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n2.2004.74-82

Abstract

Produksi rokok di Indonesia mcngarah ke rokok ringan sehingga kebutuhan tembakau bermutu baik dan ingan meningkat. Bahan baku utama yang semakin banyak dibutuhkan adalah tembakau madura. Untuk memperbaiki mutu dan mengurangi kadar nikotinnya, tembakau madura disilangkan dengan tembakau oriental. Sebanyak 9 galur harapan telah diperoleh dan diuji multilokasi bcrsama Prancak-95 sebagai pembanding. Pada tahun 2002 pengujian dilaksanakan di (1) Palalang 1 dan (2) Bajang, Kecamatan Pakong, Kabupaten Pamekasan seta (3) Guluk-guluk, Kecamatan Guluk-guluk, Kabupaten Sumenep. Pada tahun 2003 pengujian dilanjutkan di (1) Palalang 2, Kecamatan Pakong, Kabupaten Pamekasan seta (2) Bakeong dan (3) Por-dapor, Kecamatan Guluk-guluk, Kabupaten Sumenep. Pengujian di setiap lokasi menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Data dari semua percobaan dianalisis menggunakan program MSTAT. Anova menggunakan model 2 tahun, setiap tahun lokasi bcrubah. Analisis stabilitas'menggunakan mctode F.bcrhat dan Russell (1966). Tidak ada interaksi antara genotipe dengan lahun atau lokasi. Galur yang mempunyai nikotin lebih rendah dari Prancak-95 adalah 90/1 (2%) dan 93/2 (1.76%), masing-masing berkurang 13 dan 24% dai Prancak-95. Kedua galur tersebut stabil dan beradaptasi luas, galur 93/2 potensi hasilnya 0.892 ton/ha atau meningkat 11% dari Prancak-95, sedangkan 90/1 potensinya 0.798 ton/ha.Kata kunci: Tembakau, tembakau madura, uji multilokasi, nikotin rendah, Madura ABSTRACT Multilocation test ofpromising madura tobacco linesThe production of Indonesian cigaretes tends to the production of mild cigarete, so that the demand for higher quality and lighter tobacco increases. The demand for madura tobacco as the main raw mateial also increases. To improve its quality and to reduce its nicotine content, madura tobacco was crossed to oriental tobacco. Nine promising lines were produced and tested at multilocation together with Prancak-95 as a control. The multilocation tests were conducted in 2002 in (1) Palalang 1 and (2) Bajang, Pakong Distict, Pamekasan Regency, and in (3) Guluk-guluk, Guluk-guluk Distict, Sumenep Regency. In 2003 the tests were continued in (1) Palalang 2, Pakong District, Pamekasan Regency ; (2) Bakeong and (3) Por-dapor, Guluk-guluk District, Sumenep Regency. The tests in each location used a randomized block design with three replications. Data collected from all tests were analyzed using MSTAT Program. Anova was itted to model for 2 year tests, each year the location was changed. F.bcrhart and Russell method (1966) was used for stability analysis. There was no interaction between genotype and the year as well as the location. The tobacco lines that had lower nicotine content than Prancak-95 were 90/1 (2%) and 93/2 (1.76%). Their nicotine contents were lower than that of Prancak 95 by 13% and 24% respectively. The two lines were stable and broad adapted. Line 93/2 had yield potency 0.892 ton/ha higher by 1 1% than that of Pancak-95, while the yield potency of line 90/1 was 0.798 ton/ha.Key words: Tobacco, madura tobacco, multilocation test, low nicotine, Madur
SOIL PROPERTIES UNDER SIX COCONUT CROPPING SYSTEMS DOAH DEKOK TAR1GANS
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 5, No 2 (1999): September, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v5n2.1999.51-62

Abstract

Thee wee a number of factors causing diffeences in coconut growth and soil properties under ield condition. To cope with the existing vaiation fanning system in relation to soil properties, six coconut farming systems with four species of perenial crops as inter- crop(s) namely banana, papaya, coffee and pineapple wee conducted understudy. The objectives of the study were to study soil chemical and physical properties and nutrient element content in the coconut leave under various coconut cropping systems. Six coconut farming system as used for the study namely (I) coconut (control), (2) coconut + pineapple, (3) coconut + coffee, (4) coconut + papaya + pineapple, (5) coconut + banana + coffee, and (6) coconut + banana ♦ papaya + coffee + pineapple. Total area for each system is 0.5 ha. Data on leaf analysis parameters, soil chemical poperties and soil physical parameters, wee statistically analyzed in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The organic matter, pH and cation exchange capacity of the soils did not differ significantly with cropping pattern, although intensively cropped farm tended to have higher organic matter and cation exchange capacity values. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium wee also significantly higher in intercropped farms but calcium and magnesium did not vary signiicantly. While moistue content, water holding capacity, bulk density of the soil did not show significantly difference with cropping patterns. Leaf nitrogen and calcium incease while potassium deceased with intensity of cropping. Phosphorus and magnesium showed no diinite trend. Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium were all positively correlated with soil nitrogen but soil phosphorus was weakly correlated with all nutrient element in the leaf. The exchangeable potassium in the topsoil was positively and insigniicantly with nitrogen, potassium and calcium but negatively insignificantly with phosphorus and magnesium concentration in coconut leaf. While the exchangeable calcium in the subsoil was significantly and positively correlated with nitrogen in the leaf but negatively corelated with potassium.
DEGRADASI DINDING SEL Phytophthora capsici OLEH ENZIM KARBOSI METIL SELULASE ASAL Trichoderma harzianum KARDEN MULYA; MELLY HARMEN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 2 (2003): Juni, 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n2.2003.74-78

Abstract

Phytophthora capsici Leonian adalah patogen penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada (Piper nigrum L). Trichoderma harzianum Rifai merupakan agen hayati yang cfektif dan menyebabkan lisis miselia P. capsici. Penelitian ini bertujuan unluk mcngc(ahui peran enzim karboksimetilselulase (CMC-ase) yang diproduksi oleh T. harzianum dalam mendegradasi dinding sel P capsici. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga aktivitas yaitu (a) deteksi produksi enzim CMC-ase, (b) hidrolisis dinding sel P. capsici. dan (c) penggunaan siapan kasar dinding sel (SKDS) P. capsici oleh T. harzianum sebagai satu-satunya sumber karbon dalam media tumbuhnya Aktivitas enzim dideleksi secara kualitatif dengan membandingkan zona bening yang terbentuk pada medium karboksi metil selulosa (CMC) yang diperlakukan dengan satu tetcs iltrat kultur 7 harzianum dan diwarnai dengan larulan congo red, sedangkan aktivitas CMC-ase secara kuantitatif diukur sebagai nilai setara glukosa yang terlepas dari substrat setelah diinkubasi dengan ekstrak kasar CMC-ase. Enzim CMC-ase dickstrak dari kultur filtrat T. harzianum F.51 melalui pengendapan protein dengan 85% ammonium sulfat pada suhu 4°C diikuti dengan sentrifusi dan dialisis. Aktivitas spcsifik enzim tersebut dalam mendegradasi CMC (30,29 unif//g protein) lebih rendah dari aktivitas enzim selulase komersial (97.18 unit/^g protein). Enzim selulase komcrsial dan ekstrak enzim dari kultur 7 harzianum juga dapat menghidrolisis SKDS P. capsici N2 dengan aktivitas masing-masing 31.18 unit dan 19.26 unit. Isolat F-51 tumbuh dan menghasilkan aktivitas enzim serupa manakala karboksimclil selulosa pada media tumbuh diganti dengan SKDS sebagai sumber karbon tunggal Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa CMC-ase berperan penting dalam mckanisme antagonis T. harzianum terhadap /' capsici. Penelitian lebih lanjut dalam mckanisme produksi enzim ini berpeluang untuk meningkatkan potensi agen hayati.Kata kunci : Piper nigrum L., Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Phytophthora capsici. karbosimctilsclulasc, agen hayati ABSTRACTDegradation of cell wall of Phytophthora capsici N2 by carboxy methyl cellulose <;/ Trichoderma harzianum ES1Phytophthora capsici l-eonian is a causal agent of foot rot disease on black pepper (Piper nigrum L ). Trichoderma harzianum Rifai is an effective biocontrol agent and causes lyscs on P. capsici mycelium This experiment was aimed to study the role of carboxymethylccllulose (CMC- ase) produced by T. harzianum in degrading P. capsici cell wall. The experiment was composed in three activities (a) detection of the CMC-ase enzyme production, (b) degradation of P. capsici cell wall by crude extract of the enzyme, and (c) utilization of crude cell wall preparation (cwp) of P. capsici by T. harzianum as single carbon source in its growth medium CMC-ase activity was detected qualitatively on carboxymethylccllulose (CMC) medium, and quantitatively it was measured as glucose equivalent released from substrate after treated with crude extract of CMC-ase. CMC-ase was extracted from culture iltrate of T. harzianum F-51 by precipitation of protein with 85% ammonium sulphate at 4°C followed by dialysis with distilled water and liophyllizcd. Activity of the extracted enzyme on degradation of CMC (30.29 unil-'/jg protein) was lower than activity of commercial cellulose (97.18 united g protein) Commercial cclullosc and the extracted enzyme also degraded crude cell wall prepared (CWP) from P. capsici N2 as indicated with the presence of glucose equivalent released from CWP after incubation with the enzyme; with specific activity of 31.18 unit and 19.26 unit respectively. Trichoderma harzianum grown in medium suplemented with the crude cell wall of P. capsici as a single carbon source produced CMC-ase. Those results indicated that CMC-ase has important role on parasitism of T. harzianum on P. capsici Further investigation is required to elucidate mechanism of production of CMC-ase in T. harzianum for improvement of biocontrol activity of the fungus.Key words: Piper nigrum L., Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Phytophthora capsici, carboxymethylcellulosc, biocontrol

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