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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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Formulation and Characterization of Nanoencapsulated-Based Eucalyptus Oil (Eucalyptus citriodora) Lozenges Hard Candy Christina Winarti; Rohula Utami; Gusmaini Gusmaini; Kendri Wahyuningsih; Cylvia Arinta Agustaningrum
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 27, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v27n2.2021.58-68

Abstract

Eucalyptus citriodora is one type of essential oil with many benefits including adjuvant therapy of Covid-19. One product that can be developed is hard candy. Addition of eucalyptus oil in the form of nanoencapsulates in the manufacture of hard candy can increase the functional value of the resulting product, provides a relief effect and distinctive taste when consume. The purpose of this research was to find out the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics, also to know the best formulation of hard candy lozenges. Research was conducted at Laboratory of Indonesian Center Postharvest Research and Development on October 2020 – February 2021. It used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor and five treatments, that was the ratio of sucrose and nanoencapsulate concentrations. Formulation of hard candy were glucose 24.3%, water 18.2%, ratio of sucrose and nanoencapsulate percentage were 56:1.5; 55.5:2; 55:2.5; 54,5:3; 54:3.5. Sample repetitions were carried out three times. Collected data were analyzed by one way ANOVA. Determination of the best formula used weight score. Result showed that the best and most preferred formula was at F3 with a ratio of sucrose:nanoenkapsulat 55:2.5. This formulation has physical characteristics of total color difference 8.52; density 1.774 g/cm3. The chemical characteristics of moisture content, ash, total sugar, reducing sugar and essential oil content were 1.38%; 0.75%; 51.07%; 4.39%; and 0.31% respectively. Manufacturing eucalyptus base candy is one of diversification of essential oil for health as throat relief.Keywords: Hard candy; nanoencapsulates; eucalyptus oil; peppermint oil, lozenge  AbstrakFORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI HARD CANDY PELEGA TENGGOROKAN BERBASIS NANOENKAPSULAT MINYAK EUKALIPTUS (Eucalyptus citriodora)Eucalyptus citriodora merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri dengan banyak manfaat, termasuk untuk pendukung terapi Covid-19. Salah satu produk yang bisa dikembangkan adalah permen keras (hard candy). Penambahan minyak eukaliptus dalam bentuk nanoenkapsulat pada pembuatan hard candy dapat meningkatkan nilai fungsional, serta memberi efek melegakan dan cita rasa khas ketika dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui karakteristik fisik, kimia, sensoris, dan formulasi terbaik pada produk hard candy pelega tenggorokan dengan penambahan nanoenkapsulat minyak eukaliptus-peppermint. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium BB Pascapanen pada bulan Oktober 2020–Februari 2021. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Acak Lengkap satu faktor dengan 5 perlakuan perbandingan konsentrasi sukrosa dan nanoenkapsulat masing-masing sebesar 56:1,5; 55,5:2; 55:2,5; 54,5:3; dan 54:3,5. Pada setiap formula digunakan glukosa 24,3% dan air 18,3%. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Data karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan sensoris dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, sedangkan penentuan formulasi hard candy terbaik menggunakan metode uji pembobotan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula hard candy terbaik dan paling disukai adalah formula dengan perbandingan sukrosa:nanoenkapsulat 55:2,5. Formula ini memiliki karakteristik fisik perbedaan warna total (∆E*) 8,52 dan kerapatan 1,774 g/cm3; serta karakteristik kimia yang meliputi kadar air 1,38%; kadar abu 0,75%; kadar sukrosa 51,07%; kadar gula reduksi 4,39%; dan kadar total minyak atsiri 0,31%. Pembuatan permen berbasis eukaliptus merupakan diversifikasi minyak atsiri untuk kesehatan yang dapat membantu melegakan tenggorokan.Kata kunci : Hard candy; nanoenkapsulat; minyak eukaliptus; minyak peppermint, pelega tenggorokan 
INDUCING GENETIC VARIABILITY OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.) by IRRADIATION NURLIANI BERMAWIE
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 4 (2004): Desember, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n4.2004.166-172

Abstract

Genetic variability of black pepper germplasm in Indonesia is low. To broaden genetic variability, newly growth shoot tips from in vitro culture of black pepper var. LDL were y irradiated with doses 0, 0.3 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 krad. The treatments were designed in a complete block with five replications. The irradiaed plantlets were grown on MS medium. Response of the variety is described by recording an increase in leaves, shoots and node, numbers, plantlet height, and morphological abnormality in the irst vegetative mutation generation (MVI) and the second vegetative mutation generation (MV2). Ater 6 weeks, the plantlets were sub cultured and the leaves of MV2 were used for RAPD analysis. Six random primers were used for the study, i.e. OPC-01 (TTCGAGC- CAG), OPC-02 (GTGAGGCGTC), OPC-04 (CCGCATCTAC), OPC-05 (GATGACCGCC), OPC-06 (GAACGGACTC) and Abi 117.17 (GCTC- GTCAAC). The results showed that the lowest averages value on the increase of leaves, shoots, nodes and plantlets height al MVI are resulted at dose 1.5 krad, whereas dose 0.3 krad increases averages value on shoots and plantlet height. The highest percentage of abnormal leaves is resulted at dose 1.2 krad. Ater subculture, the MV2 plantlets showed higher averages value for almost all parameters observed than the untreated plantlets. The number of score able bands varied from 2-5 bands with molecular weight 0.4-12 kb. Thirty three bands were detected from the six primers, with OPC-01, OPC-04 and OPC-06 showed polymorphisms with 8 (24%) polymorphic bands. In OPC-01 one band with DNA size 1 -1.5 kb was absence rom the treated plants at dose 0.9-1.5 krad, while with OPC- 04, one band size 1 5 kb present only at 1.2 krad and with OPC-06 one band size 12 kb absence from 0.6 and 0.9 krad, and 3-5 bands size 1.5, 1.8 and bands with size 3-12 kb disappeared at dose 1.2 and 1.5 krad. The appearance and disappearance of bands may be related to the genetic changes due to y irradiation, and further exploration may be needed to ind how much genetic variation induced by irradiation in ield and the relationships with the changes in plant characters.Key words: Piper nigrum L., mutation, irradiation, RAPD, genetic variation ABSTRAK Peningkatan keragaman genetik tanaman lada (Piper nigrum L.) dengan iradiasi sinar gammaKeragaman genetik plasma nutfah lada sempit, untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik, mata tunas yang tumbuh dari biakan lada varietas LDL diradiasi dengan sinar y dengan dosis 0, 0.3 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, dan 1.5 krad. Perlakuan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Tunas hasil radiasi ditanam pada media MS. Respon tanaman terhadap perlakuan iradiasi dilakukan dengan mengamati peningkatan jumlah daun, tunas, buku, tinggi tanaman dan morfologi pada planlet hasil perbanyakan vegetatif generasi pertama (MVI) dan kedua setelah iradiasi (MV2). Tunas hasil perbanyakan sub-kultur setelah iradiasi (MV2) dianaltsa keragaman genetiknya dengan RAPD (Randomly Ampliied Polymorphic DNA) menggunakan enam primer acak, yaitu OPC-01 (TTCGAGCCAG), OPC-02 (GTGAGGCGTC), OPC-04 (CCGCATCTAC), OPC-05 (GATGACCGCC), OPC-06 (GAACGGACTC) dan Abi 117.17 (GCTCGTCAAC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iradiasi menyebabkan perubahan yang nyata pada planlet generasi pertama setelah perbanyakan vegetatif (MVI) terutama pada jumlah buku dan tinggi tanaman. tetapi tidak berbeda nyata untuk penambahan jumlah daun dan166 tunas. Nilai rata-rata penambahan jumlah daun, tunas, buku dan tinggi planlet terendah ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan iradiasi pada dosis 1.5 krad, sedangkan pada iradiasi 0.3 krad meningkatkan nilai rata-rata jumlah tunas dan tinggi planlet. Persentase daun abnormal diperoleh pada perlakuan 1.2 krad. Setelah sub-kultur, planlet generasi kedua setelah perbanyakan vegetatif (MV2) yang tumbuh menunjukkan nilai rata-rata yang lebih tinggi dari normal pada semua parameter. Persentase daun variegata pada MVI diperoleh dari perlakuan 1.2 krad tetapi pada MV2 diperoleh dari perlakuan 0.6 krad. Jumlah pita DNA yang terampliikasi berkisar antara 2-5 dengan berat molekul 0.4-12 kb. Tiga puluh tiga pita tcrdetcksi, 8 (24 %) pita diantaranya polimorfik, yang berasal dari primer OPC-01, OPC-04 dan OPC-06. Pada OPC-01 satu pita dengan ukuran 1-1.5 kb hilang dari perlakuan 0.9-1.5 krad, sementara pada OPC-04, satu pita dengan ukuran 1.5 kb muncul hanya pada perlakuan 1.2 krad dan pada OPC-06 satu pita 12 kb hilang dari perlakuan 0-6 dan 0.9 krad, 3-5 pita dengan ukuran 1.5 kb, 1.8 kb dan antara 3-12 kb hilang dari perlakuan 1.2 dan 1.5 krad. Hilang dan munculnya pita kemungkinan berhubungan dengan perubahan genetik akibat radiasi sinar y dan penelitian lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk menge¬ tahui tingkat keragaman yang ditimbulkan akibat iradiasi di lapang dan hubungannya dengan perubahan sifat terutama sifat yang mengunlungkanKara kunci: Piper nigrum L„ Lada, mutasi, radiasi, RAPD, variasi genetik
REKAYASA TUNGKU BRIKET BATUBARA PADA PENGOVENAN DAUN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA SAMSURl TIRTOSASTRO; SOEBANDI SOEBANDI; DARMONO DARMONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 5, No 4 (2000): Maret, 2000
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v5n4.2000.135-140

Abstract

Coal briquette furnace engineering for Virginia tobacco curingA coal briquette furnace for curing Virginia tobacco has been designed and constructed in Research Institute for Tobacco and Fiber Cops, Malang, East Java Indonesia. The furnace design was tested in East Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, fom August to September, 1997. The goal of this research is to provide an alternative fuel for curing Virginia tobacco and its burning system for the product of Virginia tobacco. The coal briquette funace model is similar with wood funace with a brick wall. 125 cm long and 72% of that part positioned at the floor of the barn. The height of the curve furnace was 120 cm and the width was 105 cm. Terminal of the furnace hole was connected with the irst heat exchanger pipe made from iron plate (d = 58 cm) and than with the second heat-exchanger pipe (d = 30cm) encircle in the funace loor. Waste of the smoke coal burning was discharged through two chimneys of 5 m in height.The honey-comb coal biquette has 12.5 cm x 12.5 cm x 8 cm dimensions and 5 500-6 000 kcal or 23 027-25 121 kJ/kg calorific value. Result of the experiment showed that using of the coal briquette-fuel heat (35-70°C) in a suitable for curing tobacco leaves. The cured-leaves quality was as good as the standard. Coal briquette consumption was 5.54 pieces or 6.36/kg of cured-leaves. Based on the coal briquette price of Rp. 100 per piece, the tested pumace model gave the BC-ratio = 1.03, NPV Rp 994 218 and IRR 29.02%. The break-event point was achieved at the briquette price of Rp. 119.23/piece.
PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA LORONG BERBASIS TANAMAN PERKEBUNAN DI DATARAN TINGGI SEKITAR DANAU TOBA ELNA KARMAWATI; SAHARMAN DAMANIK; . Mukhasim
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 3 (2002): September, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n3.2002.83-90

Abstract

Penelitian budidaya lorong bcrbasis tanaman perkebunan di sekitar Danau Toba telah dilaksanakan di kabupaten Simalungun Sumatera Utara dai bulan November 1999 - Januari 2002. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah unluk (I) mengidenlifikasi potensi dan peluang pengembangan tanaman perkebunan dan (2) memperoleh model usahatani yang layak dikembangkan pada daerah dataran tinggi sekitar Danau Coba Pcnarikan contoh acak secara berlapis dilakukan untuk memperoleh data primer dan petani/kelompok tani dan pedagang pcngumpul. I.apis pertama adalah kabupaten, kedua kecamatan dan ketiga adalah desa. Data sckundcr diperoleh dari instansi terkait yaitu UPS, Dinas Perkebunan lingkat propinsi dan kabupaten, BPN, I3PTP Gcdong Johor, BPK Ack Nauli dan kantor kecamatan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang Iclah dilaksanakan di dataran tinggi Danau Toba dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa dari keadaan lahan dan iklim, sarana dan prasarana, kcragaan usahatani serta pemasaran. tanaman perkebunan berpeluang untuk dikembangkan di dalaran tinggi Danau Toba. Model yang dipilih dalam penerapan tanaman perkebunan dan tanaman pangarvhortikullura adalah model yang dapal mclcstarikan sumberdaya lahan, menccgah erosi dan memberikan nilai tambah kepada petani. Model tersebut adalah budidaya lorong dengan tanaman kopi yang ditanam segitiga sebagai pembentuk lorong dan baricr penahan erosi Diantara lorong ditanam tanaman jahe dan tanaman cabai merah secara tumpang gilir, dengan nilai BCR antara 1.07 -1.25. Pcngurangan laju erosi dengan penanaman kopi mencapai 30-44%.Kata kunci : Coffeae sp, Zingiber oicinale, potensi, peluang, Danau Toba, sumberdaya lahan, erosi, budidaya lorong, dalaran tinggi ABSTRACT Development of estate crop based alley cropping in the area of Toba LakeAlley cropping research on estate crops in area of Toba I ,ake was carried oul in Simalungun, North Sumatera from November 1999 to January 2002 The objectives were (1) to identify the polcncy and probability to develop estate crops and (2) lo obtain farming system model which are feasible to develop. Purposive stratified Random Sampling had been conducted lo obtain pimary data from farmers/farmers group and traders. The irst level was regency, the second sub distict and the third was village. Secondary data were obtained from related institution Based on the condition of soil and climate, facility, farming system performance and marketing. It could be concluded that estate crops had polcncy lo develop in upland area of Toba Lake. The model Uiat had to be selected was a model that could preserve land resource, prevent erosion, and increase farmers' income. The model was alley cropping based on triangle-planted coffee as erosion barrier. Ginger and red pepper were planted rotation between alleys. The value of BCR was 1.07 -1 25. The erotion rate decreased about 30-44%.Key words : Cofeae sp, Zingiber oficinale, potency, probability, Toba Lake, erosion, alley cropping, upland
PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN Si CAIR TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN RENDEMEN TEBU / Effect of Liquid Si Fertilizer on Yield and Commercial Can e Content of Sugarcane Djajadi Djajadi; Sulis Nur Hidayati; Roni Syaputra; Supriyadi Supriyadi
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 4 (2016): Desember, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n4.2016.176-181

Abstract

Sugarcane is proved to absorb more Si than any other nutrient from soil; therefore continuous cropping of the plant at the same soil would bring consequences of more Si and organic matter depletion. Silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial nutrient for sugarcane production. Field study was carried out in 2013-2014 at Kempleng village; Purwoasri sub district; Kediri district; East Java. The objective was to find out the effect of frequency and concentration of Si liquid fertilizer on Si and N absorptions, stem diameter and length, yield and commercial cane sugar (CCS) of sugarcane var PSBM 901. Split plot design with three replicates was employed to arrange the treatments. As main plots were frequency of spraying (one time, two times, three times, and four times with interval of 20 days started at 30 days after planting), while as sub plots were concentration of Si fertilizer (0, 15% Si, 30% Si). Results showed that interaction between frequency and concentration of Si affected on all parameters observed. Spraying of sugarcane four times with 30% Si gave highest value of cane yield, rendement, and sugar yield, i.e. 184.16 tons/ha and 8.36%, 15.37 ton/ha respectively.Keywords: sugarcane, yield, commercial cane sugar AbstrakTebu tergolong jenis tanaman akumulator unsur Si, sehingga penanaman secara terus menerus pada lahan yang sama akan berakibat semakin terkurasnya unsur Si dan menurunnya bahan organik dalam tanah. Unsur Si berperan penting terhadap pertumbuhan tebu terutama pada tanah-tanah tropis. Untuk mengetahui efektivitas pupuk Si cair pada tebu, telah dilakukan penelitian lapang pada tahun 2013-2014, yang berlokasi di Desa Kempleng, Kecamatan Purwoasri, Kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi dan konsentrasi pemberian pupuk cair Si terhadap serapan Si dan N, pertumbuhan, produksi dan rendemen tebu varietas PSBM 901. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Petak Terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama adalah frekuensi penyemprotan (1 kali, 2 kali, 3 kali, 4 kali dengan interval 20 hari sekali sejak umur tebu 30 hari). Sebagai anak petak adalah konsentrasi pupuk Si (0, 15%, 30%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara frekuensi penyemprotan dan konsentrasi pupuk Si berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan serapan Si dan N, diameter batang, panjang batang, produksi dan rendemen tebu. Penyemprotan pupuk Si pada tebu sebanyak 4 kali (umur 30, 50, 70 dan 90 hari) dengan konsentrasi 30% Si menghasilkan tebu dengan bobot dan rendemen tertinggi serta gula hablur, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 184,16 ton/ha dan 8,36% serta 15.37 ton/ha.Kata kunci: Tebu, Si, produksi, rendemen
KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT TANAMAN PURWOCENG SEBAGAI PENGHASIL SENYAWA STEROID DAN ANTIPATOGEN / Endophytic Bacteria From Purwoceng as Steroid and Antipatogenic Compounds Producers Dwi N. Susilowati; Hendra Ginanjar; Erny Yuniarti; Mamik Setyowati; Ika Roostika
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.1-10

Abstract

Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is a commercial medicinal plant from Indonesia that is useful as an aphrodisiac, diuretic, and tonic. Purwoceng are known to produce some secondary metabolite compounds of phytosterol (stigmasterol, sitosterol, bergapten, ergosterol, amirin, and vitamin E). The quantity of phytosterol compounds isolated from this plant is very small, but have many benefits. Bioactive compounds that are nutritious in a plant was also produced by endophytic microbes. It gives the opportunity to produce sterol compounds using endophytic microbial culture found in purwoceng. The objectives of this study were to screen and characterize endophytic bacteria from purwoceng that are antagonistic to a number of pathogenic microbes (Enteropatogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas pseudomallei, and Candida albicans), and produce sterol compounds. The paper disc diffusion method is used for antipatogenic tests and Thin Layer Chromatography analysis for analysis of sterol compounds. Sterol compounds obtained from endophytic bacterial isolates Endo PWC I.GP-1. Some isolates were able to prevent the growth of pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Endo PWC I.D2, Aktino PWC GP-4, Endo PWC GP-2, Endo PWC D-1, and Endo PWC I.GP-1. Endo PWC I.GP-1 endophytic isolate which capable of producing sterol compounds and such antibacterial metabolites is identified as Corynebacterium sp.Keywords: Purwoceng, endophytic bacteria, sterols, antipatogenic Abstrak Tanaman purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman obat komersial asal Indonesia yang bermanfaat sebagai afrodisiak, diuretika, dan tonik. Tanaman purwoceng diketahui dapat memproduksi beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder fitosterol (stigmasterol, sitosterol, bergapten, ergosterol, amirin, dan vitamin E). Konsentrasi senyawa fitosterol dalam tanaman ini sangat kecil, namun memiliki banyak manfaat. Senyawa bioaktif yang berkhasiat pada suatu tanaman ternyata juga ada yang dihasilkan oleh mikroba endofit. Hal ini dapat membuka peluang untuk memproduksi senyawa sterol menggunakan kultur mikroba endofit yang terdapat pada tanaman purwoceng. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menapis dan mengkarakterisasi bakteri endofit dari tanaman purwoceng yang bersifat antagonis terhadap sejumlah mikroba patogen (Enteropatogenik Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas pseudomallei, dan Candida albicans), dan menghasilkan senyawa sterol. Metode difusi kertas cakram digunakan untuk uji antipatogen dan analisis Kromatografi Lapis Tipis untuk analisis senyawa sterol. Senyawa sterol diperoleh dari tanaman purwoceng pada isolat Endo PWC I.GP-1. Beberapa isolat mampu mencegah pertumbuhan patogen ((Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, dan Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)), yaitu Endo PWC I.D2, Aktino PWC GP-4, Endo PWC GP-2, Endo PWC D-1, dan Endo PWC I.GP-1. Isolat Endo PWC I.GP-1 yang mampu menghasilkan senyawa sterol dan metabolit antibakteri diidentifikasi sebagai Corynebacterium sp.Kata kunci: Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.), bakteri endofit, sterol, antipatogen
ANALISIS FINANSIAL DAN SKEMA PEMBIAYAAN PROGRAM PEREMAJAAN, REHABILITASI DAN INTENSIFIKASI CENGKEH / Financial Analysis of Financing Program for Clove Rejuvenation, Rehabilitation and Intensification Agus Wahyudi, MS
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 3 (2016): September, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n3.2016.142-151

Abstract

Clove is used for spice and a raw materialof kretek cigarret industry. In the last five years (2010-2014) the price of clove was relatively higher, hence encourage farmers to improve the crops and increase productivity that are currently relatively low. Programs that can be rolled out are rejuvenation, intensification and rehabilitation in which technological innovation applied. Development funding for the program is possible if the farming isfinancially feasible. This study aimed to analyze the current projected costs, revenue and financial feasibility of clove farming with the application of innovation in line with rejuvenation, intensification and rehabilitation program to improve clove productivity and development funding for the three programs. The financial analysis method was used to analyze input and output values based on market prices. Data of inputs were obtained through a survey of farming in Bogor and Sukabumi in late 2014 and implementation of appropriate innovation for rejuvenation, intensification, and rehabilitation. Data of outputs are projected with basic data obtained from the survey with a corresponding innovation in rejuvenation, intensification, and rehabilitationapplied. The analysis showed that the program of rejuvenation, intensification, and rehabilitation generate revenue streams that were greater than the current cost and can generate sufficient excess (profit) indicated by higher value of NPV, B/C ratio and IRR. Thus the three programs were eligible to apply to external financing through micro-financing. Financing may be granted for investments and working capital, and can be full or partial.Keywords: clove (Syzigium aromaticum), rejuvenation, intensification, rehabilitation, stream of cost, stream of revenue, financial feasibility, and microfinance AbstrakCengkeh merupakan komoditas y ang digunakan untuk rempah dan bahan baku industri rokok kretek. Dalam lima tahun terakhir (2010-2014) harga cengkeh relatif baik sehingga mendorong petani untuk memperbaiki tanaman cengkeh. Hal ini merupakan kesempatan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman yang saat ini relatif masih rendah. Program yang dapat digulirkan adalah peremajaan, intensifikasi, dan rehabilitasi yang di dalamnya diterapkan inovasi teknologi. Pengembangan pembiayaan untuk program tersebut dimungkinkan jika secara finansial usahatani layak untuk dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proyeksi arus biaya, penerimaan dan kelayakan finansial usahatani cengkeh dengan penerapan inovasi dalam rangka peremajaan, rehabilitasi, dan intensifikasi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas cengkeh serta pengembangan skema pembiayaan untuk ketiga program tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis finansial yaitu analisis nilai input dan output berdasarkan harga pasar. Data input diperoleh melalui survei usahatani di Bogor dan Sukabumi pada akhir tahun 2014 dan referensi penerapan inovasi intensifikasi, peremajaan, dan rehabilitasi tanaman cengkeh. Data output diproyeksikan dengan data dasar yang diperoleh dari survei dengan kenaikan sesuai inovasi yang diterapkan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa program peremajaan, rehabilitasi, dan intensifikasi menghasilkan arus penerimaan yang lebih besar daripada arus biaya sehingga dapat menghasilkan NPV, B/C rasio, dan IRR yang memadai. Dengan demikian ketiga program tersebut layak untuk pembiayaan eksternal melalui pembiayaan mikro. Pembiayaan diberikan untuk investasi maupun modal kerja, baik pembiayaan penuh maupun parsial.Kata kunci: cengkeh (Syzigium aromaticum), peremajaan, intensifikasi, rehabilitasi, arus biaya, arus penerimaan, kelayakan finansial, dan pembiayaan mikro.
BIOEKOLOGI DAN PENGARUH SERANGAN Sanurus indecora TERHADAP KEHILANGAN HASIL JAMBU METE TRI L. MARDININGSIH; ANDI M. AMIR; I. M. TRISAWA; I.G. N.R. PURNAYASA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.112-117

Abstract

Jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor. Salah satu kendala dalam produksinya adalah serangan hama. Di Nusa Tcnggara Barat (NTB), Sanurus indecora telah menjadi isu utama dan dianggap sebagai salah satu hama yang scrius menyerang tanaman jambu mete. Untuk mengetahui bioekologi S. indecora dan pengaruh scrangannya terhadap kchilangan hasil jambu mete telah dilakukan penelitian di pertanaman jambu mete di Dusun Sambik Rindang, Desa Salut, Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, NTB dan di laboratorium Entomologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor dari April sampai Oktober 2003. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua kegiatan penelitian yaitu di lapang dan di laboratorium. Kegiatan di lapang adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh serangan S. indecora terhadap kchilangan hasil, ekobiologi, dan musuh alami, sedang kegiatan laboratorium ialah tingkat parasitasi Aphanomerus sp. pada telur S. indecora. Penelitian pengaruh serangan S. indecora terhadap kehilangan hasil jambu mete dilakukan dengan perlakuan pucuk jambu mete yang dikurung dengan kurungan kasa dan yang tidak dikurung. Perlakuan yang dikurung ialah 25 pucuk jambu mete yang tidak terserang (tanpa) S. indecora yang telah mempunyai 5-12 bunga hermaprodit. Sebagai perlakuan yang tidak dikurung ialah 13 pucuk belum terserang S. indecora dan 12 pucuk jambu mete dengan kisaran bunga hermaprodit seperti tersebut di atas yang telah terserang S. indecora. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap perkembangan bunga mete, awal serangan pada pucuk dan berat gclondong. Untuk mengetahui sebaran 5. indecora dilakukan survei di tiga kapubaten di Propinsi NTB yaitu Lombok Barat, Lombok Timur dan Sumbawa dengan metode sampling. Penelitian biologi dilakukan terhadap 60 nimfa yang baru keluar secara individu dan diamati perkembangannya setiap hari. Penelitian untuk mengetahui musuh alami selain parasitoid telur, dilakukan pengamatan pada 10 pucuk jambu mete yang terserang 5. indecora. Pengamatan dilakukan tiap minggu. Tingkat parasitasi Aphanomerus sp. dihitung dengan mengamati parasitoid yang keluar dari 100 kelompok telur S. indecora setiap hari. Hasil penelitian di Dusun Sambik Rindang, Desa Salut, Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, NTB menunjukkan bahwa serangan S. indecora menyebabkan kehilangan hasil jambu mete sebesar 57.83%. Hasil survei di tiga kabupaten yaitu Lombok Barat, Lombok Timur dan Sumbawa menunjukkan bahwa S. indecora ditemukan di tiga kabupaten tersebut. Dengan demikian 5. indecora merupakan salah satu hama utama jambu mete. Dari penelitian biologi, lama stadia telur S. indecora ialah 5-9 hari. Stadia nimfa terdiri dari 6 instar, total masa nimfa adalah 42 - 49 hari dan lama masa imago (serangga dewasa) ialah 5 -6 hai. Selain Aphanomerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae), beberapa musuh alami lainnya yang ditemukan di lapang yaitu laba-laba (Arachnida), kumbang Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Braconidae, Chaleididae (Hymenoptera), belalang sembah (Orthoptera: Mantidae) dan Bocha amphilhoa (Diptera: Syrphidae). Persentase telur terparasit sebesar 9.78%. Persentase telur menjadi nimfa 8.32% dan telur yang tidak menetas 81.90%.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, bioekologi, Anacardium occidentale L , Sanurus indecora, hama, musuh alami, kehilangan hasil ABSTRACTBioecology of Sanurus indecora and the effect of its infestation on the loss of cashew yieldCashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an export commodity. One of the constraints in cashew production is pest attack. In West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), a latid, S. indecora had become a serious issue and was suspected as one of serious pests attacking cashew plant. Experiments to determine the bioecology of 5. indecora and the yield loss of cashew due to the insect infestation were carried out in Sambik Rindang, Salut Village. Kayangan, Lombok Barat District, West Nusa tenggara and in the laboratory of Entomology, die Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor from April to October 2003. Field activities were aimed to find out the effect of S. indecora infestation on yield loss of cashew, ecobiology, and natural enemies. Laboratory activity included parasitization stage of Aphanomerus sp. in 5. indicora. Study on the yield loss of cashew due to S. indecora was carried out by caging and uncaging shoots. Twenty two shoots with 5-12 hermaphrodite lowers were caged 13 shoots with 5-12 hermaphrodite lowers which imatially not attacked by S. indecora and 12 shoots with 5-12 hermaphrodite flowers already attacked by S. indecora. Observations were done on the development of cashew lowers, initial attack on shoots and weight of seeds. To determine the distribution of 5. indecora. a survey was conducted in three districts in West Nusa Tenggara Province namely West Lombok, East Lombok and Sumbawa, using sampling methods. Biology experiment was conducted by caging 60 newly nymphs individually on cashew seedlings and its development was observed every day. To determine natural enemies beside egg parasitoid, observation was conducted on 10 shoots attacked by S. indecora. Parasitization of Aphanomerus sp. was counted by observing natural enemies emerged from 100 egg clusters of 5. indecora. Observation was carried out once a week. Results of the experiment in Sambik Rindang, Salut Village, Kayangan, Lombok Barat District, West Nusa Tenggara showed that the latid caused 57.83% yield loss of cashew. Results of survey in three districts namely West Lombok, East Lombok and Sumbawa, showed that S. indecora was found in those three districts. Therefore, It can be concluded that 5. indecora was a serious pest of cashew plant. The biology experiment showed the duration of its eggs was 5-9 days, nymphs was 42 - 49 days, and adults was 5-6 days. The nymph consisted of six instars. Beside Aphanomerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae), the natural enemies found in the field were spiders (Arachnida), "lady beetle" (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Braco-nidae, Chaleididae (Hymenoptera), mantid (Orthoptera: Mantidae) and Bocha amphilhoa (Diptera: Syrphidae). The parasitization of Aphano-merus sp. was 9.78%. The eggs hatched to be nymphs were only 8.32% and the eggs did not hatch were 81.90%.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., bioecology. Sanurus indecora, pest, natural enemy, yield loss
PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BEBERAPA VARIETAS INTRODUKSI TANAMAN KANOLA (Brassica sp.) DOAH DEKOK TARIGANS; ELNA KARMAWATI; DEDI S. EFFENDI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 5, No 3 (1999): Desember, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v5n3.1999.86-91

Abstract

Effect offertilizer application on the growth and produc¬ tion of several introduced canola varieties (Brassica sp.)Canola (Brassica sp.) belongs to the exotic crop which poduces at with low content of unsaturntcd fat (7%). Technology for canola development in Indonesia, at present is not yet available. This research activity is the first expeiment on canola conducted in Indonesia. The objectives of the expeiment was to study the vegetative and generative characters of canola plant and the oil content of the canola seeds as affected by fetilizers applications. The expeiment was conducted at Gunung Putei Expeimental Station in Cipanas, W. Java, from October 1998 to Apil 1999. The altitude of the expeimental garden is 1 500 m above sea level, the soil type is andosol, and rainfall type A according lo Schmidt and Ferguson classification. The experiment used Randomized Block Design with two factors, variety of canola and fertilizer applications. The treatments under study was conducted with plot size 60 mi and three eplications. The treatments consisted of thee levels of fetilizer application with ive vaieties of canola, Hyola 401. Hyola 330. Hyola 308. Hyola 420. and Hyola 60009. The results of the expeiment showed that the highest number of pod production deived from Hyola 308 while the lowest was produced by Hyola 401, with average 123.6 and 85.3 pods, respectively. Number of seeds per pod vaies between vaieties range from 20.0 to 25.1. Whee the lowest was produced by Hyola 401 while the highest by Hyola 60009. Seed weight per 1000 seeds vanes between vaieties, with average 4.0-5.5 grams. The combination of fetilizer application and vaiety of canola affected the oil content of seed produced, ranged between 41.68 and 46 97%. Based on the performance of vegetative and generative growth and oil content of seed produced, it can be concluded that the canola plant is promising to develop in Indonesia.
KARAKTERISASI DAN EVALUASI WILAYAH PENGEMBANGAN TEMBAKAU CERUTU BESUKI ABDUL RACHMAN; FITRININGDYAH TRI KADARWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 1 (2003): Maret, 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n1.2003.25-37

Abstract

Pada awalnya tembakau cerutu ditanam di wilayah Jember Utara. Tetapi karena berbagai masalah tembakau cerutu berkembang ke Wilayah Tengah dan Selatan Perkembangan ke wilayah baru belum diikuli oleh penyesuaian tcknologi Akihatnya mutu belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Penelitian tahun 1998 dan 1999 dilakukan di Kabupaten Jember dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang sifat klimatologi, lanah, kcragaan hasil dan mutu, kcragaan teknologi dan prefcrensi pasar Informasi ini akan digunakan sebagai dasar untuk perbaikan-pcrbaikan tcknologi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei. Daerah pengembangan lembakau cerutu di Jember dibagi liga wilayah, I Hara, Tengah. dan Selatan. sesuai dengan pembagian yang telah disetujui oleh masyarakat pctcmbakauan di Jember. Lima desa contoh diambil untuk mewakili liap wilayah. Penetapan contoh bcrdasar tipe tanah Icrluas dan selanjulnya ditclapkan desa dengan areal tembakau cerutu terluas untuk masing-masing tipe lanah Informasi pasar diperoleh dari wawancara dengan enam eksportir terkemuka Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua wilayah menghadapi masalah tanah berat yang sulit diolah, dan kandungan bahan organik, nitrogen dan fosfor tanah yang rendah Makin ke Selatan iklim semakin kering, bentuk lahan semakin datar, semakin linggi ketersediaan air di musim kemarau, kebutuhan pupuk nitrogen makin tinggi, dan peluang mendapatkan tembakau pembalut makin linggi. Harga tembakau wilayah Selatan tetinggi dari ketiga wilayah Untuk mempermudah pengelolaan disarankan agar wilayah dibagi dua yaitu wilayah Utara dan wilayah Tengah bagian Selatan dengan lahan bcrgelombang sebagai penghasil utama tembakau iller dan pembungkus dan wilayah Tengah bagian Selatan dan wilayah Selatan dengan lahan datar dan terscdianya air cukup, sebagai penghasil tembakau pembalut dan pembungkus.Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum, lembakau cerutu, karaktcrisasi lahan, evaluasi lahan ABSTRACT Characterization and evaluation of development region of besuki cigar tobaccoIhe beginning of cigar tobacco cultivation was in North Region of Jember Regency But due to several problems, the cultivation of cigar tobacco expanded to the Middle and South Region. In the new area, the technology of cigar tobacco was not yet adapted. So the tobacco quality did not match their expectation The research was conducted in 1998 and 1999 in Jember Regency, to get information about the characteistics of climate and soil, yield and quality performance, technology display, and market preference. This information should be used as basic knowledge to improve technology for besuki cigar tobacco. The research used survey method The tobacco cultivation was divided into three regions. Five villages were taken as sampling to represent for each region. Determining samples were based on the village has largest area of cigar tobacco located in largest area of soil type of each region. Market information was achieved from interview with six expoters. The result of this research showed thai Ihe more region lo Ihe Soudi was earlier planning date, flatter land, higher water available and nitrogen fertilization, and greater opportunity to get wrapper tobacco All region faced soil problems, were soil hardly cultivated, and low of organic matter, N, and P content of soil To make management of cigar tobacco cultivation easier, il was proposed lhai the area of cigar tobacco should be divided into two regions i.e. North Region and Middle Region of Southern part with wavy land for tobacco produce iller and binder tobacco, and Middle of Nothern part and South one for tobacco produce wrapper binder tobacco.Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, cigar tobacco, land characterization, land evaluation

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