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Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : 14119951     EISSN : 25484745     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14421/uin-suka.refleksi
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Social,
Religion Humanities Social Sciences
Refleksi adalah jurnal filsafat dan pemikiran Islam. Fokus dan ruang lingkup dari jurnal ini adalah Filsafat Islam, Kalam (Teologi Islam), dan Tasawwuf (Sufisme).
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 153 Documents
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Amr Ma'ruf wa Nahi Munkar: Gerakan Kadizadeli dan Kritik Sufisme di Kerajaan Ottoman Abad ke-17: Amr Ma’ruf wa Nahi Munkar: Kadizadeli Movement and Critique of Sufism in the 17th Century Ottoman Empire Fahmi Rizal Mahendra
Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 22 No. 2 (2022): Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ref.v22i2.3950

Abstract

This research will explore the Kadizadeli movement in the Ottoman empire in the 17th century. The Kadizadeli movement is a movement led by clerics who were previously Friday preachers at mosques in Istanbul. This movement wanted to purify Islam from the heretical behavior and activities of the Sufis who according to them had demoralized Ottoman society in the 17th century. In Islamic history, for example, there are several figures who also criticized Sufism, Ibn Tayimiyah or Ibn Jauzi. The complex problems of the 17th century have inspired some scholars, especially Kadizadeli, to fix them. Using the jargon, Amr ma'ruf wa nahi munkar, they began to criticize and attack the practices of Sufism in the Ottoman empire. By using historical research and literature this research produced several findings. Historically, this movement was led by three people, namely: Kadizade Mehmed, Ustuvani Mehmed and Vani Mehmed. Initially this movement only conveyed their criticism of Sufism activities through sermons and writings. However, when Ustuvani and Vani led this movement and gained a special relationship with the ottoman rulers, this movement led to radical actions. Apart from criticizing and criticizing, they also attack the infrastructure of Sufism and direct physical attacks on them.  Keywords :  bidah, kadizadeli, ottoman empire, sufism, ulema
Kesia-Siaan Eksistensi: Makna Kehidupan Menurut Pesimisme Klasik Abū al-ʻAlā al-Maʻarrī: Extistential Nihilism: The Meaning of Life According to the Classical Pessimism of Abū al-ʻAlā al-Maʻarrī Moh. Ariful Anam
Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023): Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ref.v23i1.3957

Abstract

This article discusses the thought of the classical pessimist philosopher in the Islamic world, it is known as Abū al-ʻAlā al-Maʻarrī (363-449 H/973-1058 AD). The main topic studied is the biography of al-Ma'arrī and his thoughts on the meaning of human existence in this world. To exhume the data, the researcher used the works of the classical encyclopedia to reconstruct the biography of al-Maʻarrī and one of his monumental works, Al-Luzūmiyyāt, to examine his thinking. This literature research uses historical analysis methods and content analysis. The results of this study are, first, the background of al-Ma'arrī's life, which is born from a respected family with his physical condition as a blind person who forms a different person from al-Ma'arrī although he still obtained a fairly decent life. As well as the intellectual odyssey and the social conditions in which he interacted greatly influenced al-Ma'arrī's thought, making himself not complain about himself, instead reflecting it into philosophical ideas. Second, al-Ma'arrī's pessimism in interpreting human existence as futility (the vanity of existence). Human beings have been overwhelmed with evil potential from the beginning. So that his life is also full of suffering. There is nothing happier than death. Death is a great achievement and peace. While born in this world is a misfortune, suffering, and evil. In this context al-Ma'arrī has a view that humans should not need to have children (childfree).  Keywords :  al-Ma‘arrī, pessimism, the vanity of existence
Jalan Hidup Filosofis Muḥammad Ibn Zakariyyā Al-Rāzī dan Relevansinya dengan Problem Psikologis Manusia Modern: Muḥammad Ibn Zakariyyā’ Al-Rāzī’s Philosophical Life and Its Relevance to Modern Human Psychological Problems Muh. Bahrul Afif
Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023): Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ref.v23i1.3958

Abstract

Abstract Materialistic life orientation in the modern era is the reason for the emergence of various life problems, especially psychological problems. One of the psychological problems that arise is the meaninglessness of life or an existential vacuum. If it does not receive serious attention, then the problem has the potential to cause mental health disorders that, in fact, now plague many modern humans. Those who are sober, gradually begin to seek to find solutions to overcome the psychological burden by turning to certain life paths. Among them are those who dive into the world of spirituality, some go through philosophical paths such as Stoicism, which is now widely loved. Therefore, digging into various traditions to find the right solution in overcoming mental health disorders is paramount. Such efforts can also be made through Islamic philosophy. One philosopher who paid special attention to mental health issues was al-Rāzī. This is contained in his thoughts on Philosophic Life. This is the main discussion in this study. The results of this study illustrate that although such thinking appears to defend misunderstood Socrates’ life paths, yet the real philosophic life—instead of imitating Socrates—is to imitate the attributes of God. As for al-Rāzī’s application of the Philosophic Life: training the control of passions; not hurting other beings; not hurting ourself; does not go beyond the extreme limits (defect or excess); and imitate the attributes of God to the extent of man’s abilities. Keyword: Al-Rāzī, Mental Health, Philosophic Life
Hadis Akhlak dan Filsafat Etika Taha Abdurrahman: Kritik Modernitas dan Tawaran Alternatif: Taha Abdurrahman’s Moral Hadith and Ethics: Critique of Modernity and its Alternatives Nurul Ihsannudin
Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023): Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ref.v23i1.3968

Abstract

The rate of development of science and information technology experienced by humans, more or less, leads them to rapid and instant life changes. Modernity with all the conveniences offered in it has an impact on humans, both positive and negative. However, modernity dissolves humans in conditions of social, economic and political inequality. Colonialism and imperialism are part of the many consequences of modernity. Seeing the phenomenon of life, Taha Abdurrahman, a Muslim thinker and philosopher from Morocco, conducted an in-depth study of the issue of modernity and modern human behavior with the provisions of the hadith akhlak that was said by the Prophet Muhammad. So this study tries to reveal (a) how relevant the hadith akhlak and ethical philosophy of Taha Abdurrahma; (b) what are the criticisms conveyed by Taha on the reality of modernity; and (c) what alternative offers for modernity according to Taha. This library research finds that there is a relevance and strong role of the hadith akhlak on the ethical philosophy of Taha. He critiqued the rationalism on which Western modernity was based. He also offers a spirit of modernity which is based on al-rusyd, al-naqdī and al-syumūl. Keywords :  Ethics, Hadith Akhlak, Modernity Criticism, Taha Abdurrahman.
Pemikiran Tasawuf Beudizzaman Said Nursi: Problematika dan Gagasannya: Badiuzzaman Said Nursi's Sufism Thought: Problems and Ideas Limpad Tuhu Pamungkas
Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023): Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ref.v23i1.3921

Abstract

Despite its various shortcomings, Sufism is still needed for religious life today in an increasingly secular world. Considering the various attacks launched against Sufism by Islamic puritan and modernist movements, Said Nursi's thoughts can be considered as a middle way to clear up the clouded pre-judgments of Sufism. This study aims to look at the main ideas of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi related to Sufism and the problematic background behind it, as well as to review the challenges faced by Sufism itself.  To describe Said Nursi's thoughts on Sufism in this paper, the author will describe objectively Said Nursi's writings that speak explicitly about Sufism, then the author also includes interpretive and analytical elements to reach a broader meaning from those texts. The results of the study found that, for Said Nursi, Sufism is very important for the manifestation of the truth of Islam itself, although it cannot be denied that there are also practices in certain Sufism traditions that are not in accordance with the Sunnah. Therefore, by still referring to the legacy of the Sufism tradition, he offered a new Sufistic path (tariqah) which he named haqiqah, which he considered safer and less risky. Yet, the problem is modernism itself has eroded the esoteric dimension of Sufism itself, while puritanism has textually rejected it. Thus, Said Nursi's thought of Sufism which places a strong emphasis on Shari'a should be brought up. Keywords: Said Nursi, Sufism, Haqiqah, tariqah, shari’a, sufism problematics
Teologi Modernitas : Muhammad Syahrur dan Gagasan-gagasan Fundamental Ketuhanan Untuk Rekonstruksi Islam: Modern Theology: Muhammad Syahrur and Fundamental Concepts of Divinity for Islamic Reconstruction Arfi Hidayat Arfi; Samsul Wathani Samsul
Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023): Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ref.v23i1.3933

Abstract

Secara historis, teologi dibangun dari konsepsi pembacaan Kitab Suci agama. Maka, produksi pemahaman mengenai teologi tidak pernah tunggal dan final, sebaliknya akan ada pembacaan dan reinterpretasi yang berkelanjutan. Atas dasar itu, melalui karyanya, al-Iman wa al-Islam Mandzumah al Qiyam, Muhammad Syahrur bermaksud mengkritik teologi klasik yang terlalu disakralkan dan melahirkan ortodoksi, sembari melakukan pembacaan ulang atas teologi Islam hari ini yang dibasiskan pada kesadaran akan adanya realitas kehidupan yang obyektif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membangun argumen pada apa yang penulis sebut sebagai teologi modernitas. Artikel ini menjadikan karya Syahrur, al-Iman wa al-Islam Mandzumah al Qiyam sebagai data utama dengan menggunakan pendekatan filsafat dan teori analisis hermeneutika menggunakan model analisis interpretatif-filosofis. Temuan dalam artikel ini menunjukkan gagasan dalam membangun teologi Islam modern yang lebih bersahabat dengan kehidupan kontemporer serta menjadikannnya sebagai spirit perubahan kehidupan ummat Islam. Syahrur memiliki gagasan fundamental mengenai teologi: 1) Tuhan sebagai dasar bagi kehidupan dunia: 2) Teologi berarti pembacaan dengan menjuktaposisikan wahyu, akal dan kehidupan: 3) Rukun dan syarat Islam ada tiga: meyakini adanya Tuhan, hari akhir dan beramal shaleh, amal soleh adalah manifestasi dari kehadiran Tuhan dalam kehidupan di dunia: dan 4) ketuhanan memainkan peran pada kehidupan ruhiyyah (al-hayat al-ruhiyyah) dan kehidupan material (al-hayat al-madiyyah), maka doktrin ketuhanan mesti dianalisis dengan nalar modernitas yang objektif.   Kata Kunci: Teologi Modernitas, Muhammad Syahrur, al-Iman wa al-Islam Mandzumah al-Qiyam,  Realitas Obyektif.
Perspektif Tasawuf terhadap Kematian: Death in the Perspective of Sufism Nurul Hikmah Sofyan; Anindya Aryu Inayati
Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023): Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ref.v23i1.4493

Abstract

Abstract This article raises the issue of human fear of death. Fear of death will be a problem if it is excessive and does not encourage someone to prepare for death. Therefore, there is a need for study of death from sufism perspective to look again at the essence of death so that the unnatural fear of death can at least be reduced. This study uses a qualitative method with an irfani analysis technique that is adjusted to meet the need of sufism approach in this study. The result of this paper is that death is the separation of humans from what has been entrusted to humans in the world because of a moving from the world to a completely different realm. As for the destruction of body through death, it is not followed by the death of spirit. It causes spirit is created from God’s spirit, the human spirit by nature always yearns and always wants to return to where it came from. In order for the nature of spirit's longing for God to be maintained, a servant is required to always control or at least reduce worldly desires that can prevent a servant from having an inclination towards God. Keywords: Death, Body, Human Longing, Human Spirit
Normalization of Gender Bias Regulations in Pondok Pesantren: Normalisasi Regulasi Bias Gender di Pondok Pesantren Isnaini Nuruddin Akbar
Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023): Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ref.v23i1.4768

Abstract

Pesantren that has respective objective to produce pious person, in some aspect perpetuates differenrdiscriminativees for female studetns. This study shows mainstream gender constructionin Islamic boarding school regulations forms of gender discrimination and their implications. The object of study includes three pesantren in the Singosari, East Java, Indonesia. The regulations of the pesantren follows scholars’ ideology as written in the classical book (kitab kuning), which portrays men as family leader and the ideal position of women as male companions. The teaching of kitab kuning in the pesantren regulations has led female students to experience discrimination in carrying out their daily lives in the pesantren environment . Female students are not allowed to go outside the building at night, they are only allowed to go out during the day and even then it is limited to certain schools and streets. From the results of interviews, this study found that these rules had a great influence on their lives. Keywords: Normalization, gender, regulation, pesantren
Status Ontologis Tuhan dalam Teologi Pembebasan Hassan Hanafi Adi Candra Wirinata; Thoriq Ad Dakhil
Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 23 No. 2 (2023): Vol. 23. No. 2 (2023): Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ref.v23i2.3974

Abstract

Abstract This article attempts to analyze Hassan Hanafi's theology of liberation. Belief in God has a great influence on human life. The direction of human life in the world is determined by his belief and understanding of God. In his theology of liberation, Hanafi positions God not as "distant" and "inaccessible", but God exists in human life in the world. Broadly speaking, Hanafi's theology of liberation is boosted by the theory of existence which believes in the absolute "Existence" of God as the "Real" which does not erase the "Existence" of Humans in the world as well as "the real". Through this view, Hanafi criticizes the thinking of classical scholars, both theologians and Sufis, who think that "Nothing is Real" except God. Hanafi gives a different view of the ontological status of God in Islamic theological thought. Hanafi's thinking encourages human life in the world to be more real and in accordance with the proposition that God created humans seriously as khalifah fi al-ard. With this in mind, Hanafi proposes and tries to shift civilization from the classical divine frame to neo-humanism. Keywords: God, Liberation Theology, The Real Absrak Artikel ini berusaha menganalisis pemikiran teologi pembebasan Hassan Hanafi. Keyakinan kepada Tuhan memiliki pengaruh besar bagi kehidupan manusia. Arah hidup manusia di dunia ditentukan oleh keyakinan dan pemahamannya tentang Tuhan. Dalam teologi pembebasannya, Hanafi memposisikan Tuhan bukan sebagai “yang jauh” dan “tak terjangkau”, tapi Tuhan itu Ada dalam kehidupan manusia di dunia. Secara garis besar, teologi pembebasan Hanafi didongkrak oleh teori metafisika wujud yang meyakini “Ada-Nya” Tuhan sebagai “Yang Nyata” secara mutlak yang tidak menghapus “Ada-nya” Manusia di dunia juga sebagai “yang nyata”. Melalui pandangan ini Hanafi mengkritik pemikiran ulama klasik, baik kalangan teolog maupun sufi, yang beranggapan bahwa “Tidak Ada Yang Nyata” selain Tuhan. Hanafi memberi pandangan yang berbeda tentang status ontologis Tuhan dalam pemikiran teologi Islam. Pemikiran Hanafi mendorong hidup manusia di dunia semakin nyata dan sesuai dengan dalil bahwa Tuhan menciptakan manusia dengan sungguh-sungguh sebagai khalifah fi al-ard. Dengan pemikiran ini juga Hanafi mengusulkan dan berusaha untuk menggeser peradaban dari bingkai ketuhanan klasik ke neo-humanisme. Keywords: Teologi Pembebasan, Tuhan, Yang Nyata
Konsep Ittiḥād dalam Fabel Mantiq at-Ṭair: Pemikiran Tasawuf Falsafi Farīduddīn ‘Aṭār (1145-1221 M) Muhammad Ihza Fazrian; A.Anjasyah; Sulistiyo
Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 23 No. 2 (2023): Vol. 23. No. 2 (2023): Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ref.v23i2.5108

Abstract

This article focuses on Farīduddīn ‘Aṭār 's philosophy of Sufism, namely the concept of ittihad. His thoughts on ittihad can be explored through his work in the form of a fable entitled Mantiq at-Ṭair (The Deliberation of Birds). The fable tells the story of birds that gather and deliberate to find their King named Simurgh. Everything contained in the work is a reflection of ‘Aṭār 's own Sufistic experience in seeking God which is retold through fables. In general, the concept of ittihad was initiated by Abu Yazid al-Bustami, ‘Aṭār developed the concept through his work. Regarding the process of ittihad, in his work ‘Aṭār tells the story of the seven valleys that birds must pass through in search of Simurgh; ṭalab (search), ‘isyq (love), ma'rifat (knowledge), istighnā (the absurdity of things around), tawhīd (unity), hīraṭ (confusion), and fana. The valleys are described as challenges that must be overcome by a Sufi who wants to find his God. The journey ends with the transience of the birds (Sufis) towards other than the Simurgh (God) to cause devotion to Him. This research uses descriptive-analytic method with data obtained from relevant literature sources to build structured and systematic findings. The findings in this article show that the concept of ittihad developed by ‘Aṭār emphasizes the aspects of ‘isyq and fana to find God.

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