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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim
Published by Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya lahan Pertanian
ISSN : 14107244     EISSN : 27227723     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jti.v44n1.2020.19-29
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal TANAH dan IKLIM memuat hasil-hasil penelitian bidang tanah dan iklim dari para peneliti baik dari dalam maupun dari luar Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Jurnal ini juga dapat memuat informasi singkat yang berisi tulisan mengenai teknik dan peralatan baru ataupun hasil sementara penelitian tanah dan iklim.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 257 Documents
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ANALYSIS OF WATER PRODUCTION POTENCIAL UNDER VARIOUS SCENARIO IN PANINGGAHAN-SINGKARAK WATERSHED PUJILESTARI, N.; TARIGAN, S.D.; SUBAGYONO, KASDI
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 33 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n33.2011.%p

Abstract

Paninggahan watershed is the sub watershed of the Singkarak Lake watershed. It has a largest part of managed forest in the upstream and the change of landuse from forest to mixture garden increasing rapidly. The study on the change of discharge related to the landuse change is the main focus of this research. The result shows that hydrological characteristic of Paninggahan watershed is still good, with the domination of secondary forest covering 53% of the watershed. Therefore this watershed still has large amount of water reserve. The result of monitoring landuse change from year 1984-2007, indicating that the rate of forest decreasing was 66 ha year-1 and the increasing of mixture garden was 39 ha year-1. The result of characteristic simulation discharge showed that forest degradation will increase total volume of discharge to 1.3 m3 s-1, whereas minimum debit will progressively decrease till 0.2 m3 s-1. The knowledge of the influence of landuse change due to decreasing of debit in the watershed becomes guidance for the continous watershed development.
TEMPORAL AND SEASONAL VARIATION OF SEDIMENT MOVEMENT IN THE TERRACED PADDY FIELDS SYSTEM SUKRISTIYONUBOWO, .; SETYORINI, D
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 31 (2010): Juli 2010
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n31.2010.%p

Abstract

Temporal and seasonal variation of sediment movement in terraced paddy fields has been studied at Keji Village, in Semarang District for the Wet Season 2003-04 and the Dry Season 2004. Twelve terraced paddy fields with different number and size of terraces were used in this research,corresponding to four treatments and three replications. Terraces were flat, different in size, and descending to the river. The objective was to study the temporal and seasonal variations of sediment movement during rice growth in the wet season and the dry season. Measurements were conducted in the four treatments being tested including Farmer Practices, Farmer Practices + Rice Straw, Improved Technology, and Improved Technology + Rice Straw. Sampling and measuring of irrigation water discharge and suspended sediment were carried out at puddling, before planting, vegetative stage, and at generative stage. The highest temporal discharge as well as sediment concentration of irrigation water and suspended sediment both in wet and dry seasons were observed at the puddling stage and significantly different with the following rice growth stages. In contrast, the lowest temporal discharge and sediment concentration were found at the vegetative stage. Seasonal discharge and sediment concentration of irrigation water and suspended sediment in wet season were higher than in dry season. The highest incoming and outgoing sediments both in wet and dry season were observed at the vegetative stage and significantly different at generative stage, planting and puddling. The amount of seasonal incoming sediment were 4,422 ± 361 and 1,779 ± 126 kg ha-1 and the outgoing sediment were 3,345 ± 258 and 1,400 ± 113 kg ha-1 for the wet season 2003-04 and dry season 2004, respectively. The surplus of incoming sediment by outgoing sediment demonstrates the environmental services provided by terraced paddy fields system.
STATUS NATRIUM PADA TANAH TERCEMAR LIMBAH LNDUSTRI TEKSTIL DI RANCAEKEK, KABUPATEN BANDUNG Djuwansah, Muhamad
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 37, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v37n1.2013.25-34

Abstract

Abstrak: Pencemaran lahan oleh Natrium dari limbah industri di Rancaekek Kabupaten Bandung menyebabkan sawah di lokasi tersebut selalu gagal panen sehingga tanah diberakan. Beberapa parameter sifat kimia-fisik dan mineralogi dari contoh tanah pada lahan tersebut dianalisis untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemarannya. Akumulasi Natrium menyebabkan tanah menjadi sodik sampai sangat sodik dan salin. Pengaruh sodisitas saat ini terhadap kerusakan fisik tanah belum tampak jelas karena relatif sedikitnya proporsi mineral liat, dan karena kapasitas adsorpsi tinggi yang dimiliki smektit sebagai mineral liat dominan. Fenomena pelarutan tanah dapat terjadi bila Natrium telah menjenuhi kapasitas adsorpsi tanah. Daerah pencemaran Natrium akan meluas apabila akumulasi Natrium tetap berjalan seperti yang berlangsung sampai saat ini. Abstract. Land pollution by sodium from industrial waste have caused repeating harvest failures of ricefield in the area that finally the land remained unplanted. Several soil physical-chemical parameters and mineralogy from soil samples were analyzed to determine the level of pollution. Sodium accumulation caused the soils to become sodic to very sodic and saline. Effect of sodicity on soil physical damage did not appear yet because of small proportion of clay minerals and high adsorption capacity of smectite as the predominant clay minerals. Soil dispersion phenomenon may happen when sodium had saturated all soil adsorption capacity. Sodium polluted area will be expanded if the accumulation of sodium keeps running.
POST-MINING LAND CHARACTERISTICS AND REHABILITATION TECHNIQUE IN BANGKA AND SINGKEP ISLANDS SITORUS, SANTUN R.P; KUSUMASTUTI, E.; BADRI, L. NURBAITI
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 27 (2008): Juli 2008
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n27.2008.%p

Abstract

Post-mining land has generally unfavourable characteristics for a growing media for crops. The objectives of the present study were: (1) to study natural changing of soil physical and chemical properties and natural vegetation of four different ages of tailing, (2) to study rehabilitation technique of post mining tailing for forest crops, and (3) to study effects of ameliorant on soil physical and chemical properties, and heavy metal content on four different ages of tailing. Analysis of tailing characteristics, in situ natural vegetation analysis and two sets of green house experiments had been done. The two greenhouse experiments comprise: (1) tailing from Sungai Liat Bangka with two factors, those are three level applications of organic matter and mineral soil with teak as an indicator plant and (2) tailing from Dabo Singkep with treatments: tailing + compost 9:1,tailing + animal manure 9:1 and tailing as control, CMA inoculant and forest trees akasia (Acacia auriculiformis), gamal (Gliricidia maculata), lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) and sengon or jeungjing (Paraserianthes falcataria). The result showed that: generally, tin mining reduce soil quality and number of natural vegetation. The soil characteristics and number of vegetation are generally increase (getting better) with time. The first greenhouse experiment showed that the best response of teak plant was under combination of organic mater and soil mineral whereas ameliorant proportion factor is not significantly different. The second greenhouse experiment showed that the treatments were significantly influencing canopy diameter, leaf number, root length and tree trunk circle, respectively. The best rehabillitation technique was combination of animal manure, mycorrhizal inoculants treatments and lamtoro (L. leucocephala). Soil characteristics and heavy metal contents were significantly influenced by ameliorant and tailing ages. Soil chemical properties were significantly influenced by tailing age, types and proportions of ameliorant. The Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Sn of soil were significantly influenced by tailing ages and the highest was on the six years tailing.
EFEK PERUBAHAN ZONA AGROKLIMAT KLASIFIKASI OLDEMAN 1910-1941 SAMPAI DENGAN 1985-2015 TERHADAP POLA TANAM PADI SUMATERA BARAT Saputra, Rizky Armei; Akhir, Nasrez; Yulianti, Via
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 42, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v42n2.2018.125-134

Abstract

Perubahan curah hujan telah menyebabkan perubahan zona klasifikasi agroklimat Oldeman serta berpengaruh terhadap pola tanam padi sawah tadah hujan di Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang merupakan salah satu sentra padi nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daerah yang mengalami perubahan klasifikasi zona agroklimat Oldeman serta mengetahui kawasan sentra padi yang mengalami perubahan pola tanam dan memverifikasi kesesuaian pola tanam klasifikasi Oldeman dengan pola tanam aktual. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di sentra padi Sumatera Barat. Data yang digunakan data klimatologis untuk menganalisis perubahan pola curah hujan 1910-1941 dan 1985-2015serta analisis perubahan zona agroklimat Oldeman. Penentuan pola tanam aktual dilakukan survei lapangan untuk memperoleh informasi perubahan pola tanam padi aktual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terjadi perubahan zona agroklimat Oldeman pada kawasan sentra padi Sumatera Barat di lima lokasi yaitu Luak Situjuh, Rao, Sijunjung, Sukarami dan Lima Kaum. Luak Situjuh dari tipe B1 menjadi E1, Rao dari D2 menjadi C1, Sijunjung dari C1 menjadi D1, Sukarami dari A1 menjadi B1 dan Lima Kaum dari E1 menjadi menjadi E3. Lokasi yang mengalami perubahan pola tanam padi pada sawah tadah hujan yaitu Luak Situjuh, Panti dan Lima Kaum. Hasil verifikasi pola tanam aktual yang sesuai dengan pola tanam klasifikasi Oldeman terdapat pada empat lokasi yaitu Lubuk Basung, Sungai Dareh, Muara labuh dan Sukarami. Produktivitas sawah tadah hujan yang mengalami perubahan pola tanam lebih rendah dari rata rata produktivitas Kabupaten.
NITROGEN DYNAMICS ON RICE FIELD SOILS MULYANI, NANAN S; SURYADI, M.E; DWININGSIH, S.; HARYANTO, .
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 19 (2001): Desember 2001
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n19.2001.%p

Abstract

Nitrogen fertilizer is unstable, and it is predicted that large amount of it is lost through run-off, volatilization, and leaching processes. Information of nitrogen movement is needed in order to increase the efficient use of fertilizer, so that the N dosage and time of fertilizer application could be given precisely. Nitrogen movement through volatilization and from standing water and leaching could be observed by means of laboratory study using plastic pot which has been especially designed, and soil samples was taken after 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days of incubation. The green house experiment was held using IR-64 rice variety to see the sorption of nitrogen. The movement of nitrogen in standing water of Entisols until da showed that the concentration of NH4-N was higher than NO3-N, and afterwards NO3-N was higher than NH4-N. NH4-N concentration on Inceptisols until days-28 was higher than NO3-N. However, the NH4-N concentration on Vertisols until days- 28 was lower than NO3-N. The movement of nitrogen on Entisols and Inceptisols showed that the NH4-N concentration until days-28 was higher than NO3-N, however the NH4-N concentration on Vertisols until days-7 was lower than NO3-N. Nitrogen losses from fertilizer in standing water of Vertisols was found 31,7% at days-1 and 28,8% at days-4. The N uptake by crop was found the highest on Inceptisols (78,0%) and the lowest on Entisols (17,2%).
Karakteristik Tanah Vulkanik di Kabupaten Wonosobo dan Pengelolaannya untuk Pertanian Rachmat Abdul Gani; Setiyo Purwanto; Sukarman Sukarman
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 45, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v45n1.2021.1-11

Abstract

Abstrak. Tanah vulkanik di daerah Kabupaten Wonosobo berkembang dari bahan abu dan pasir vulkan andesitis dan basalt. Jenis tanah di wilayah tersebut didominasi oleh Andosol. Pengkajian lanjut mengenai tanah-tanah vulkanik perlu dilakukan untuk memahami karakteristik, kesuburan, dan pengelolaannya untuk pertanian. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan informasi karakteristik morfologi dan kesuburan tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik kesuburan dan pengelolaan tanah di lahan pertanian dataran tinggi daerah vulkanik. Penelitian dilaksanakan sebagai bagian dari survei tanah untuk pemetaan semidetail pada tahun 2016 dan survei korelasi peta tanah semidetail tahun 2018. Dua puluh enam contoh tanah dari tujuh buah profil pewakil telah dideskripsikan morfologi tanahnya dan dianalisis kesuburan tanahnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanah memiliki kedalaman dangkal, sedang, hingga dalam. Tekstur tanah agak kasar, sedang, dan agak halus dengan drainase tanah sedang hingga baik. Tingkat kesuburan tanah sedang dengan nilai kejenuhan basa bersifat rendah hingga tinggi, kapasitas tukar kation rendah hingga sedang, dan pH tanah bersifat agak masam hingga masam. Pemupukan P dan K serta penambahan bahan organik yang intensif pada lahan pertanian tanaman hortikultura menyebabkan tingginya kadar P dan K tersedia serta C-organik. Pemupukan P secara berimbang dengan hara lainnya dan penambahan bahan organik diperlukan pada lahan yang dimanfaatkan untuk pertanian hortikultura, baik yang memiliki kadar P tersedia tinggi terlebih pada lahan dengan kadar P tersedia rendah. Profil P-12 menunjukkan retensi P yang tinggi, sehingga memerlukan perhatian khusus untuk pengelolaan pupuk P. Penerapan pemupukan P dan penambahan bahan organik merupakan kunci pengelolaan lahan untuk tanah vulkanik di wilayah ini.Abstract. Volcanic soils in Wonosobo Regency were developed from andesite, basaltic, and volcanic sand materials. The land in the area is dominated by Andosol soil types. Further studies on volcanic soils are needed to understanding characteristics, fertility, and soil management for agricultural purposes. The aim of this research was to evaluate soil characteristics, morphology, physical, and chemical properties. The study was part of the semi detail soil map surveys in 2016 and the semi detail soil map correlation surveys in 2018. Twenty six soil samples from seven representative profiles have been characterized and sampled for soil analysis. The results found that soil in this region has shallow, moderate, and deep depths. Soil texture is slighty coarse, medium, and slighty fine with moderate to well soil drainage, moderate soil fertility levels with low to high base saturation, low to moderate cation exchange capacity, and slighty acidic to acidic soil pH. Fertilization of P and K and intensive addition of organic matter for horticultural crops seemd to have caused high levels of available P, available K, and organic C. Fertilization of P,  balanced with other nutrients, and addition of organic matter is required on land that is used for horticultural crops, both those with high available P levels, and especially those with low available P levels. Soil Profile 12 has a high P fixation, and hence need a special P fertilization treatment. The application of P fertilization and the addition of organic matter is the key to land management for volcanic soils in this region.
Bakteri Pengendali Cekaman Salinitas yang Menjanjikan untuk Peningkatan Produksi Padi Sawah Kawasan Pesisir Edi Husen; Selly Salma; Husnain Husnain
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 44, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v44n2.2020.85-92

Abstract

Abstrak. Penurunan produksi padi karena salinitas tanah telah banyak dilaporkan. Beberapa teknologi alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk mengatasi masalah ini sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kemampuan bakteri pengurang cekaman kadar garam untuk meningkatkan hasil padi di kawasan pesisir yang terkena salinitas. Penelitian ini terdiri atas analisis laboratorium dan percobaan lapangan pada lahan petani yang terpapar salinitas di Indramayu, Jawa Barat yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018. Sebanyak delapan strain bakteri Pseudomonas dan Bacillus dari penelitian sebelumnya dipilih berdasarkan kemampuannya menghasilkan enzim ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase dan berbagai sifat fungsional bermanfaat lainnya. Bakteri ini selanjutnya diuji untuk pengurangan emisi etilen dan produksi senyawa eksopolisakarida (EPS) dan diformulasikan menjadi empat kelompok konsorsium bakteri pengurang cekaman salinitas (PC1, PC2, PC3 dan PC4) berdasarkan kombinasi sifat fungsionalnya. Setiap konsorsium mengandung tiga jenis bakteri yang diformulasikan ke dalam bahan pembawa gambut untuk percobaan lapangan. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua faktor perlakuan, yaitu perlakuan inokuasi bakteri konsorsia (lima taraf) dan pupuk organik (dua taraf), masing-masing kombinasi perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Hasil analisis laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa selain mampu memproduksi enzim ACC deaminase, menambat N2, dan melarutkan fosfat, sebagian besar strain bakteri juga mampu menghasilkan EPS dan mengurangi emisi etilen. Eksperimen lapangan menunjukkan bahwa bakteri pengurang cekaman salinitas PC2 mampu meningkatkan hasil padi dengan atau tanpa pemberian bahan organik dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pupuk hayati tanah salin yang menjanjikan. Abstract. Decreased rice production due to soil salinity has been widely reported. Alternative promising technologies to overcome this problem is urgently needed. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of salt-stress reducing bacteria to increase rice yield in salt affected areas of low-lying coastal plain. The study consisted of laboratory analyses and field experiment on farmers' land affected by salinity in Indramayu, West Java, conducted in 2018. A total of eight strains of Pseudomonas and Bacillus from previous studies were selected based on their ability to produce ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase and other benefit functional traits. These bacteria were further tested for ethylene emission reduction and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and formulated into four groups of consortia of salt-stress reducing bacteria (PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4) based on functional trait combination. Each concortium contains three strains bacteria formulated into peat-based carriers for field experment. Randomized block design with two treatment factors were applied, namely group of concortia bacteria (five levels) and organic fertilizer (two levels), with three replications. Results of the laboratory analyses showed that besides producing ACC deaminase enzyme, fixing N2, and solubilizing fixed phosphates, most of bacterial strains were also able to produce EPS and reduce ethylene emission. Field experiment showed that salt-stress reducing bacteria of PC2 increased rice yield with or without organic fertilizer treatments and hence promising as a saline soil biofertilizer.
Perbaikan Sifat Tanah dan Hasil Kedelai (Glycine max) dengan Pemberian Amelioran Biochar dan Pupuk Kandang di Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan Setiari Marwanto; Ratri Ariani; Umi Haryati; Irawan Irawan
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 45, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v45n1.2021.59-67

Abstract

Abstrak. Lahan sawah tadah hujan menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam budidaya kedelai, namun hasil kedelai pada lahan sawah tadah hujan relatif rendah, salah satu penyebabnya diperkirakan adalah rendahnya kesuburan tanah. Perbaikan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian bahan amelioran, antara lain arang biomassa (biochar) dan pupuk kandang (Pukan). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian amelioran biochar dan Pukan terhadap sifat fisikokimia tanah dan hasil kedelai di lahan sawah tadah hujan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Tulungagung, Jawa Timur pada dua musim tanam, tahun 2018 dan 2019 dengan perlakuan berupa: pupuk dosis petani (P1); pupuk dosis rekomendasi (P2); P1 + Pukan 10 t ha-1 (P3); P1 + biochar 10 t ha-1 (P4); dan P1 + Pukan 5 t ha-1 + biochar 5 t ha-1 (P5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan biochar 10 t ha-1 dapat menurunkan bobot isi tanah, meningkatkan kandungan air tersedia, meningkatkan pH tanah, dan meningkatkan kandungan K dapat ditukar. Penambahan Pukan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap sifat tanah, namun meningkatkan hasil kedelai. Penambahan biochar dan Pukan (P3, P4, P5) memberikan hasil biji dan brangkasan kedelai lebih tinggi 18-21% dibandingkan budidaya cara petani (P1). Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan kembali pentingnya penggunaan biochar dan Pukan dalam pengembangan komoditas kedelai di lahan sawah tadah hujan.Abstract. Rainfed paddy field is one of the alternative lands for soybean cultivation, but soybean yield is relatively low, seemingly due to low soil fertility. Soil and plant productivity could be improved by amelioration such as by using biochar and manure. This study aims to investigate the effetcs of biochar and manure on soil physicocemical characteristics and the yield of soybean in rainfed paddy field. This study was carried out in Tulungagung District, East Java Province, in two consecutive growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 with five treatments as follow: farmers’ fertilizer dosage (P1); recommended fertilizer dosage (P2); P1 + manure 10 t ha-1 (P3), P1 + biochar 10 t ha-1 (P4); and P1 + manure 5 t ha-1 + biochar 5 t ha-1 (P5). The results showed that the application of 10 t ha-1 biochar in association with farmer’s practice decreased soil bulk density, increased soil available water, increased pH, and increased exchangeable K. Manure application did not significantly improve soil properties, but increased soybean yield. Biochar and manure application (P3, P4, P5) increased grain and biomass yields of soybean 18-21% higher than those of farmers’ practice without soil ameliorant (P1). This study reemphasizes the importance of biochar and manure for soybeans production in rainfed paddy field.
Prediksi Kemampuan Adaptasi Delapan Varietas Kelapa Sawit pada Cekaman Abiotik Akibat Perubahan Iklim Global Sujadi Sujadi; Iput Pradiko; Suroso Rahutomo; Rana Farrasati
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 44, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v44n2.2020.129-139

Abstract

Abstrak. Perubahan iklim global di masa depan diperkirakan akan menyebabkan kenaikan suhu dan perubahan pola curah hujan di sebagian besar wilayah Indonesia, tidak terkecuali pada wilayah Adolina, Marihat, dan Bah Birong Ulu, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak perubahan iklim di masa depan terhadap perubahan kesesuaian lahan untuk kelapa sawit dan kemampuan adaptasi varietas kelapa sawit Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) serta merekomendasikan upaya-upaya yang menjadi bagian dari proses adaptasi dan mitigasi di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Obyek studi adalah delapan varietas kelapa sawit produksi PPKS yaitu Avros, Dumpy, LaMe, Langkat, PPKS 540, PPKS 718, Simalungun, dan Yangambi. Data durasi fase perkembangan buah dan karakteristik morfologi delapan varietas tersebut diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya. Data produksi bulanan bersumber dari hasil pengamatan selama 2016-2018 pada kelapa sawit berumur 15 tahun di Adolina (10 m dpl), Marihat (369 m dpl), dan Bah Birong Ulu (900 m dpl). Data iklim antara tahun 1989-2018 di ketiga lokasi tersebut digunakan sebagai baseline, sedangkan data skenario perubahan iklim bersumber dari kajian literatur. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa varietas yang memiliki durasi fase perkembangan tandan lebih cepat (Dumpy, Avros, dan PPKS 540) diprediksi lebih mudah beradaptasi dengan kenaikan suhu udara. Varietas Dumpy diprediksi lebih sesuai ditanam di wilayah yang lebih basah, sebaliknya Lame, Langkat, PPKS 540, dan Simalungun diprediksi adaptif pada wilayah yang lebih kering. Sebagai langkah adaptasi dan mitigasi, diperlukan varietas baru yang memiliki karakter toleran terhadap suhu tinggi dan kekeringan, toleran hama/penyakit, dan high nutrient use efficiency. Selain itu, diperlukan juga penyesuaian kultur teknis yang utamanya terkait dengan konservasi tanah dan air serta antisipasi outbreak serangan hama/penyakit.Abstract. In the future, global climate change is predicted to cause an increase in air temperature and change in rainfall pattern in most Indonesian regions. This study was aimed to analyse the impacts of global climate change on alteration of land suitability for oil palm and adaptability of Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI) oil palm varieties, as well as to recommend efforts for adaptation and mitigation in oil palm plantation. Objects of the study were eight oil palm varieties released by IOPRI, those were Avros, Dumpy, LaMe, Langkat, PPKS 540, PPKS 718, Simalungun, and Yangambi. Data of fruit development phases and morphological characters for the eight varieties were obtained from the previous study. Data of monthly yield were observed in 2016-2018 for 15 years old oil palm planted in Adolina (10 m asl), Marihat (369 m asl), and Bah Birung Ulu (900 m asl). Climate data in the period of 1989-2018 in each location were employed as a baseline, while scenario data of global climate change were from literature review. The results showed that varieties with shorter duration of fruit development phases (Dumpy, Avros, and PPKS 540) were predicted to be easier to adapt with an increase in air temperature. Variety of Dumpy was predicted to be more suitable in the area with higher rainfall, on the other hand, varieties of Lame, Langkat, PPKS 540, and Simalungun were predicted to be more suitable for land with low rainfall. As a part of adaptation and mitigation process, it is necessary to assembly a new oil palm variety which has characters of tolerant to high temperature and drought, tolerant to pest and diseases, and high nutrient use efficiency. Furthermore, agronomic practices need to be adjusted mainly in the efforts to conserve soil and water as well as to anticipate the outbreak of pest and diseases.

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All Issue Vol 46, No 1 (2022): Akan Terbit Resmi pada Juli 2022 Vol 45, No 2 (2021) Vol 45, No 1 (2021) Vol 45, No 1 (2021): (Akan Terbit Resmi pada Bulan Juli) Vol 44, No 2 (2020) Vol 44, No 1 (2020) Vol 43, No 2 (2019) Vol 43, No 1 (2019) Vol 42, No 2 (2018) Vol 42, No 1 (2018) Vol 41, No 2 (2017) Vol 41, No 1 (2017) Vol 40, No 2 (2016) Vol 40, No 1 (2016) Vol 39, No 2 (2015) Vol 39, No 1 (2015) Vol 38, No 2 (2014) Vol 38, No 1 (2014) Vol 37, No 2 (2013) Vol 37, No 1 (2013) No 34 (2011): Desember 2011 No 33 (2011): Juli 2011 No 32 (2010): Desember 2010 No 31 (2010): Juli 2010 No 30 (2009): Desember 2009 No 29 (2009): Juli 2009 No 28 (2008): Desember 2008 No 27 (2008): Juli 2008 No 26 (2007): Desember 2007 No 25 (2007): Juli 2007 No 24 (2006): Desember 2006 No 23 (2005): Desember 2005 No 22 (2004): Desember 2004 No 21 (2003): Desember 2003 No 20 (2002): Desember 2002 No 19 (2001): Desember 2001 No 18 (2000): Desember 2000 More Issue