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Paulus Klau Tahuk
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Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Timor Jln. El Tari, Km-9, Kefamenanu, Timor Tengah Utara, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
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Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology
Published by Universitas Timor
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2685452X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.32938/jtast.v1i1.290
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Focus dan scope Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology mencakup berbagai keilmuan yang berhubungan dengan ternak sapi, kerbau, domba, kambing, babi, kuda, dan unggas. Artikel yang dapat diterbitkan oleh JTAST meliputi sistem produksi ternak potong dan unggas, genetika dan pemuliaan ternak, fisiologi dan reproduksi ternak, nutrisi dan teknologi makanan ternak, teknologi hasil ternak, bioteknologi ternak, tingkah laku dan kesejahteraan ternak, lingkungan hewan, serta sosiol ekonomi peternakan.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Hewan dan Zoologi
Articles 120 Documents
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Analysis of Gracilaria Sp. Seaweed Waste Substitution in Ration on the Quality of Local Duck Eggs Agil Maulidina; Andi Batari K. Jabbar; Muhammad Sah; Nurmiani Syam; Saptriani Putri Ridwan; Hikmah Maulifiah Zaim; Nirmala
Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology
Publisher : Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Health, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/jtast.v8i2.10494

Abstract

Gracilaria sp. is type of seaweed with abundant availability but has not been optimally utilized. This type of seaweed contains nutrients are polysaccharides, fiber, vitamins (B12, C, and E), protein, amino acids, and fatty acids, indicating its potential as an alternative feed ingredient for poultry, especially laying ducks. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of substitution Gracilaria sp. seweed meal waste with different levels in ration on the duck eggs quality. The parameters measured were egg weight, yolk index, white index, haugh unit, yolk weight, and shell thickness. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The dietary treatments were P0: ration without Gracilaria sp. seaweed meal waste substitution. (control), P1: ration + 5% Gracilaria sp. seaweed meal waste, P2: ration + 10% Gracilaria sp. seaweed meal waste, and P3: ration + 15% Gracilaria sp. seaweed meal waste. The results showed that the addition of Gracilaria sp. seaweed meal waste in the ration up to 15% did not significantly effect (P>0.05) on the quality of local duck eggs. However, treatment P1 (ration + 5% Gracilaria sp. seaweed meal waste) showed exhibited numerically higher values in egg weight, yolk weight, yolk index, and shell thickness. The conclusion is the use of Gracilaria sp. seaweed meal waste has the potential as an alternative feed in laying duck rations with an optimal usage level of 5% without decrease egg quality.
Reproductive Performance and Population Structure of Beef Cattle Under Smallholder Farming Systems in A Tropical Region Yendraliza Yendraliza
Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology
Publisher : Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Health, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/jtast.v8i2.10646

Abstract

The increasing demand for beef demands sustainable growth in the beef cattle population, particularly in smallholder farming systems. Artificial insemination (AI) is a widely used reproductive technology to support population growth, but its success is strongly influenced by the reproductive performance of females and the structure of the livestock population. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of female cattle and analyze the structure of the beef cattle population in the Pangean District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. The study was conducted in January–February 2023 using a survey method through structured interviews with 120 cattle farmers and direct observation of 605 cattle. Reproductive performance data were obtained from AI records of 93 cattle in 2019 and 69 cattle in 2020. Parameters observed included service per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR), non-return rate (NRR), population structure by age and sex, and farmer characteristics. The results showed that the reproductive performance of female cattle in 2019 and 2020 was statistically significantly different (p<0.05). The S/C value increased from 1.80 in 2019 to 2.11 in 2020, while the CR and NRR values increased from 79% to 85%. The sex ratio of adult cattle of 1:2 (male:female) indicates a population structure that supports reproductive success. The majority of breeders are women (66.67%), are of productive age, have basic education, and have 5–10 years of livestock farming experience. It was concluded that the reproductive performance of beef cattle in Pangean District is quite good and supported by a relatively ideal population structure. However, strengthening reproductive management is still needed to increase the efficiency of the AI program.
Evaluation of the Physical Quality of Fermentation of Rice Bran with Different Levels of Effective Microorganisms (EM4) Ririn Angriani; Anggi Derma Tungga Dewi
Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology
Publisher : Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Health, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/jtast.v8i2.10711

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rice bran fermentation using Effective Microorganisms (EM4) on its physical quality as a livestock feed ingredient. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five EM4 levels, namely 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, each with three replications. The fermentation process was carried out for 21 days with the addition of 1% sugar as a nutrient source for microorganisms, and the rice bran was stored in airtight plastic bags. The observed parameters included organoleptic characteristics (color, aroma, texture, clumping ability, and insect presence), pH value, and bulk density. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of P<0.05, followed by a post hoc test when significant differences were detected. The results showed that EM4 supplementation had a significant effect on the organoleptic quality of rice bran (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on pH value and bulk density (P>0.05). Fermentation of rice bran using EM4 at levels of 5–10% produced the best physical quality, characterized by yellowish-brown to brown color, moderate texture, moderate aroma, moderate to crumbly clumping ability, and relatively low insect presence. Therefore, the use of EM4 at moderate levels has the potential to improve the physical quality and stability of rice bran as a livestock feed ingredient.
The Evaluation of In Vitro Digestibility Methods of Separation and Extrusion of Palm Kernel Cake as Raw Material for Poultry Feed Lidya Foni; Heri Ahmad Sukria Sukria; Yuli Retnani; Sazli Tutur Risyahadi Risyahadi
Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology
Publisher : Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Health, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/jtast.v8i2.10764

Abstract

Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a year-round by-product of the palm oil industry that is affordable and rich in protein nutrients. However, the main obstacle to utilizing PKC is its high shell fraction, which results in high crude fiber content and low nutrient digestibility in poultry. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro digestibility of PKC processed through separation and extrusion methods as poultry feed ingredients. There were three treatments with four replicates, namely P1 (untreated PKC), P2 (sifted PKC), and P3 (PKC resulting from a combination of sifting and extrusion). The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect (p<0.05) on nutrient digestibility. The sieving treatment resulted in higher crude protein digestibility compared to the other two treatments, while the combination of sieving and extrusion increased crude fiber digestibility but was not significantly different from the sieving treatment. Processing PKC through screening or a combination of screening and extrusion can increase crude protein and crude fiber digestibility in vitro. However, the highest crude protein digestibility was obtained in the screening treatment.
Physical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Meatballs Made from a Combination of Rabbit Meat and Chicken Meat Wardi Wardi; Oscar Aditya Novanda; Andri Haryono Awalokta Akusuma; Puji Astuti; Agung Mugi Widodo; Putri Awaliya Dughita; Bagus Andika Fitroh
Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology
Publisher : Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Health, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/jtast.v8i2.10782

Abstract

P This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta during December to January 2024 to evaluate the physical and organoleptic characteristics of meatballs prepared from a combination of rabbit meat and chicken meat, and to analyze the effect of different proportions of the two types of meat on product quality. A completely randomized design (CRD) was applied with five treatments: P0 (100% rabbit meat), P1 (100% chicken meat), P2 (50% chicken meat + 50% rabbit meat), P3 (75% chicken meat + 25% rabbit meat), and P4 (25% chicken meat + 75% rabbit meat). The parameters observed included elasticity, aroma, color, and overall preference. The results indicated that differences among treatments were not statistically significant for all parameters. However, treatment P4 to be more preferred compared to P0. The combination of chicken and rabbit meat influenced elasticity but did not produce any negative effects on the organoleptic quality of the meatballs. 
Effects of Fish Meal and Easily Digestible Carbohydrate Supplementation in Complete Silage on Nutrient Intake of Young Male Kacang Goats Paulus K. Tahuk; Venansius Leki; Oktovianus R. Nahak
Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology
Publisher : Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Health, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/jtast.v8i2.10857

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of animal protein and easily digestible carbohydrate feed supplementation in complete silage on crude fat, crude fiber, and BETN consumption of young male kacang goats. This study was conducted in the experimental pen of South Kefamenanu Village, Kota Kefamenanu District, North Timor Tenggah Regency from August to October 2024. The livestock used were 9 young male Kacang goats aged 6-8 months. The study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments and 3 replications, namely: T1: Complete silage 45% + 25% ground corn + 15% pollard bran + 10% rice bran + 5% fish meal, T2: Complete silage 45% + 25% ground corn + 10% pollard bran + 10% rice bran + 10% fish meal, T3: Complete silage 45% + 25% ground corn + 10% pollard bran + 5% rice bran + 15% fish meal. The results showed that the highest crude fiber consumption was in treatments T3 and T2 (28.98 ± 2.64 g / head / day; 28.32 ± 2.99 g / head / day). The highest crude fat consumption was in treatment T3 (68.00 ± 8.04 g / e / day). The highest BETN consumption was found in treatment T2 (265.25±13.63 g/head/day). Statistical analysis showed that the treatment had no significant effect on crude fiber, crude fat, and BETN consumption. It can be concluded that complete silage fed to Kacang goats at 5%, 10%, and 15% levels yielded similar results on crude fiber, crude fat, and BETN consumption.
Growth of Local Native Chickens in the Grower Phase Supplemented with Leucine Sandra Meol; Charles Venerius Lisnahan; Theresia Ika Purwantiningsih
Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology
Publisher : Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Health, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/jtast.v8i2.10899

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leucine supplementation in feed on the growth of native chickens in the grower phase. This study was conducted in the native chicken coop of the Unggas Jaya Farmers Group, Sasi Village, Kefamenanu city District, North Central Timor Regency. This study was conducted for 3 months, from September to November 2025, while chicks (DOC - 6 weeks) were raised from July 2025. The livestock used in this study were 80 native chickens aged 6 weeks. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. Chickens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 4 replications, each consisting of 5 chickens. The treatments given were: T0: control feed without L-leucine, T1: control feed + 0.30% L-leucine, T2: control feed + 0.50% L-leucine and T3: control feed + 0.70% L-leucine. The variables observed were body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that body weight gain for treatments T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 94.83±1.24, 98.13±8.92, 102.91±1.34 and 106.29±2.11 g/head/week, respectively. Feed consumption was 450.09±7.84, 462.50±8.92, 480.16±13.70, and 488.22±7.47 g/bird/week, respectively. Feed conversion ratio was 4.77±0.06, 4.71±0.03, 4.67±0.12, and 4.60±0.03, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the treatments significantly affected body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). It was concluded that leucine supplementation in the feed significantly affected body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio. Supplementation of 0.70% leucine in the feed provided the maximum effect on body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion.
Occurrence, Potential Zoonotic Transmission, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cats: A Systematic Literature Review Lily Roga
Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology
Publisher : Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Health, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/jtast.v8i2.10905

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen of increasing concern in both human and veterinary medicine due to its intrinsic resistance and ability to acquire multidrug resistance. In companion animals, particularly cats, its clinical relevance is often underestimated despite its association with chronic and difficult-to-treat infections. Moreover, the potential for cross-species transmission and its role within the One Health framework remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the occurrence, potential zoonotic transmission, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cats, as well as their implications for human health. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Relevant studies published between 2012 and 2025 were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is consistently identified in various feline clinical samples, particularly from skin and wound infections, otitis, respiratory tract, and urinary tract. Although not a predominant pathogen, its clinical significance increases in chronic and recurrent cases. Molecular and epidemiological evidence suggests genetic relatedness and shared resistance profiles between animal and human isolates, supporting the possibility of a common reservoir across species. Antimicrobial resistance was widely reported, including resistance to fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, and carbapenems, with the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains in several studies. In conclusion, cats may act as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, contributing to its circulation at the animal-human interface. These findings highlight the importance of antimicrobial stewardship, infection control, and integrated surveillance strategies within a One Health approach to mitigate the spread of resistant strains.
Advances in Modern Diagnostic Methods and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Dogs: A Systematic Review Maria Trisiana Dhue Nay
Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology
Publisher : Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Health, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/jtast.v8i2.10909

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium that frequently causes infections in dogs and has a high capacity to develop antibiotic resistance. The high variability in resistance patterns, along with limited effective therapeutic options, makes accurate bacterial identification and the mapping of antibiotic susceptibility patterns essential for infection control. This study aimed to evaluate molecular identification methods as well as the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reported in various studies using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases based on predefined keywords and research questions. A total of 57 articles were initially identified, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria after the screening process using the Rayyan application. The results of the SLR showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently isolated from dogs, with predominant sample types including ear swabs and wound swabs, as well as samples from urinary tract, respiratory tract, and pyoderma infections. Bacterial diagnosis was performed using conventional culture methods, along with the development of modern diagnostic approaches, including automated systems such as VITEK® 2 Compact, MALDI-TOF MS, and molecular methods based on PCR and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). The most commonly targeted genes for identification were the 16S rRNA gene, along with specific genes such as oprI and oprL. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most frequently reported to exhibit high resistance to fluoroquinolones, followed by sulfonamides and other antibiotic classes. In contrast, carbapenems, antipseudomonal cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides still demonstrate relatively high levels of susceptibility
Detection and Levels of Escherichia coli Contamination in Beef Meatballs Sold in Kota Kefamenanu District, North Central Timor Regency Agustina Viktoria Tae; Gina Paskalia Sonia Suri; Steffanie M.C Noach
Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology
Publisher : Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Health, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/jtast.v8i2.10994

Abstract

Beef meatballs are a popular processed meat product and are highly sought after by the public due to their delicious taste, easy availability, and high nutritional value. However, this high nutritional content also makes meatballs susceptible to microbial contamination. This study aimed to detect the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria and measure the level of bacterial contamination in beef meatballs sold in Kota Kefamenanu District, North Central Timor Regency. The study used a laboratory experiment method with a purposive sampling technique on 15 beef meatball samples obtained from supermarkets and street vendors. Testing was carried out through several stages, namely initial isolation on Nutrient Agar (NA) media, cultivation on selective Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media, Gram staining to identify bacterial characteristics and morphology, and a Total Plate Count (TLC) test to determine the level of bacterial contamination. The results showed that all samples experienced colony growth on NA media. On EMBA media, five samples showed blackish-purple colony growth with a metallic green sheen, indicating the presence of E. coli bacteria. Gram-staining results showed pink bacteria with short, rod-shaped cells (coccobacilli) belonging to the Gram-negative bacteria group. Based on the ALT test results, four samples BK 02, BK 07, BK 09, and BK 10 had colony counts exceeding the maximum microbial contamination limit according to SNI 7388:2009, which is 5 × 101 colonies/g, and were therefore declared Not Meeting Requirements (TMS). The remaining eleven samples remained below the established threshold and were therefore safe for consumption. The conclusion of this study indicates that beef meatballs sold in Kefamenanu District are contaminated with E. coli bacteria, with most samples still meeting food safety standards. Therefore, implementing good hygiene and sanitation is essential in the processing and sales process to ensure food safety.

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