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Muhammad Ridwan
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Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences
Published by Budapest International Research and Critics University Journal
ISSN : 26151715     EISSN : 26153076     DOI : DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci
Core Subject : Religion, Economy, Humanities, Art, Social,
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences is a peer-reviewed journal published in February, May, August and November by Budapest International Research and Critics University Journal (BIRCU-Journal). BIRCI welcomes research papers in Humanities: Language and Linguistics, History, Literature, Performing Art, Philosophy, Religion, Visual Arts. Social Sciences: Economics, Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Geography, Culture and Ethics Studies, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Area Studies, Archaeology, and other related areas and it is published in both online and printed versions.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5,366 Documents
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Instagram Carousel Content Effectivity in of Micro-Entrerprise Promotion Strategy Arief Zul Fauzi
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 9, No 2 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v9i2.8216

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of carousel content in promoting Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises through Instagram. The research subject is the Instagram account owned by Toko Swara (TSW Gifts), a Micro-Enterprise that markets traditional clay teapots (poci) as a signature souvenir from Tegal. Using a quantitative approach with a pretest–treatment–post-test design, the study measured promotional performance before and after the use of carousel content based on Instagram Insights. The results showed an increase in content performance following the use of carousel. The average reach nearly doubled, and the engagement rate rose from 14.84% to 26.10%. These findings indicate that carousel content can drive audience engagement more effectively than regular posts. This study recommends carousel content as a relevant and impactful promotional strategy, especially for Micro-Enterprise with limited follower bases.
Towards Universal Equivalence in the Translations of Proverbs in Yoruba Literary Text Olusanya Phillip Siji
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 9, No 1 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute February
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v9i1.8224

Abstract

The translation of proverbs presents a complex challenge when the source text’s cultural referents become obsolete or diverge from contemporary global norms. This study investigates the translational strategies employed to address culture-specific elements in Yoruba proverbs—particularly those touching on sensitive issues such as gender, security, and human rights—which risk being misconstrued as archaic or prejudicial in a globalised context. Adopting a hybrid theoretical framework of Cultural Universalism (CU) and Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), the research analyses how translators negotiate the tension between cultural fidelity and universal intelligibility. The study examines proverb samples from French translations of Yoruba play, Rere run, written by Oladejo Okediji . The findings reveal that, often, Yoruba proverbs often rely on ancient ideologies that lack direct equivalents in the target culture’s cognitive framework. The study concludes that the synergistic application of CU and CMT enables translators to achieve Universal Equivalence: a strategy that preserves the pragmatic and didactic function of the proverb while modifying its cultural imagery to align with the sociopolitical and ethical standards of the target audience.
Evaluation of the Contribution to Local Development through Agritourism Routes in Calixto García Lisbet Eunice Pérez Anzardo; Francisco Infante Estrabao; Ana Gloria Madruga Torres; Irina Reyes Martínez; Lic. Yudismay García Velázquez
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 9, No 3 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute August
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v9i3.8238

Abstract

The diversification of agriculture and its linkage with tourism represent a strategic alternative to stimulate local development in rural areas with productive and heritage potential. The objective of this research was to design an instrument to evaluate the contribution of agritourism routes to local development in the municipality of Calixto Garcia. A mixed approach was applied, predominantly qualitative, supported by theoretical methods such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, and inductive-deductive, as well as empirical methods including scientific observation, unstructured interviews, and expert judgment. The unit of analysis was the municipality of Calixto Garcia, complemented by local actors linked to the agricultural and tourism sectors. The results revealed that the supply of agritourism routes remains incipient and limited by scarce technical and tourism training; however, the estimation of socioeconomic indicators showed significant impacts on employment, income, and community cohesion. It is concluded that the proposed instrument constitutes a practical tool to comprehensively assess the contribution of agritourism routes to local development, guide decision-making, and promote improvement actions aimed at the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of the territory.
The Legible Mind: How Generative AI Flattens Consciousness, Transforms Communication, and Recenters Human Intelligence on the Illegible Muhammad Ridwan; Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Anantasha Titisania Rimadewi
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 9, No 3 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute August
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v9i3.8232

Abstract

Generative AI produces highly legible outputs fluent, coherent, and statistically probable text. Yet human consciousness, communication, and intelligence are fundamentally shaped by illegible elements: qualia, strategic ambiguity, error, and non derivable insight. This paper introduces the concept of “the legible mind” to examine how generative AI flattens consciousness, transforms communication, and recenters human intelligence in the age of synthetic media. Drawing on philosophy of mind (Nagel, Chalmers, and Searle), communication theory (Grice, Austin), human computer interaction (Norman), and recent empirical studies of AI detection and uncanny valley effects, we develop a conceptual framework distinguishing legible outputs from illegible processes. AI simulates conscious outputs without subjective experience, inverting the Turing test so that humans feel pressure to imitate machinic legibility (e.g., CAPTCHAs). Communication shifts from intention driven cooperation to hyper legibility, provoking strategic illegibility (deliberate errors, personal digressions) as an authenticity signal. Human intelligence recenters on meta legibility: prompting, critique, and integration of AI generated content with non derivable insight. AI makes legibility cheap, rendering the illegible scarce and valuable. The legible mind is a tool; the danger is forgetting the illegible. Interdisciplinary research should investigate how humans perceive illegibility, regulate deceptive AI that simulates human imperfection, redesign education around meta legibility, and develop proof of humanity protocols based on embodied presence.
From Diaspora Recruitment to Structural Reintegration: A Multi-Scalar Governance Framework for Reversing Africa’s Brain Drain in the Post-2026 World Cup Era” Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 9, No 3 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute August
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v9i3.8199

Abstract

The 2026 FIFA World Cup revealed a striking phenomenon: approximately 25% of players and a majority of many African squads were born outside the nations they represent, demonstrating Africa's systematic capacity for diaspora recruitment in sport. Yet this sporting success exposes a profound paradox: while African football associations have mastered diaspora engagement, developmental institutions have failed to build equivalent frameworks for reintegrating the skilled professionals who constitute the continent's true developmental asset.This paper advances a multi-scalar governance framework for reversing Africa's brain drain through structural diaspora reintegration, drawing on the 2026 World Cup as an analytical lens to illuminate what is possible - and what remains undone. The paper employs a policy analysis approach, synthesizing academic literature, institutional reports, and policy documents across migration studies, governance theory, and African development. It examines three country case studies (Senegal, Ghana, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) and develops a framework operating across continental, national, and community levels.Africa loses an estimated $2-4 billion annually to brain drain, with approximately 70,000 skilled professionals emigrating each year. Paradoxically, diaspora remittances surpassed $100 billion in 2024, exceeding Official Development Assistance and Foreign Direct Investment. The African Union has established the policy architecture - declaring the diaspora the Sixth Region and endorsing Agenda 2063 - but suffers from a profound "implementation deficit," with institutional mechanisms remaining underdeveloped for over two decades.The 2026 World Cup demonstrates that systematic diaspora engagement works. Africa must move from brain drain to brain circulation to structural reintegration, shifting from treating diaspora as loss to treating diaspora as strategic asset. The paper recommends a Decade of Repatriation (2026-2036), operationalizing the Sixth Region, fast-tracking free movement protocols, reforming citizenship laws, addressing push factors, and establishing continental financial mechanisms and talent tracking systems.
Some Considerations on the Scientific Production of Agroturism from 1991 To 2023 Lisbet Eunice Pérez Anzardo; Olga Lidia Ortiz Pérez; Reyner Pérez Campdesuñer
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 9, No 3 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute August
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v9i3.8237

Abstract

The objective of this study was to describe the trends and current state of agritourism and the role of agritourism farms within it, based on a bibliometric study from its beginnings up to the year 2023. The source of information used was the Scopus Database. Theoretical methods such as analysis-synthesis and historical-logical approaches were employed, along with empirical methods including scientific observation, unstructured interviews, and the triangulation of sources and methods. Altogether, these allowed the identification of trends, regularities, and relationships in the phenomenon under study, based on the information obtained during the research process, as well as the formulation of conclusions. As a result, the foundations were established for further theoretical and practical exploration of the topic through the analysis of bibliometric indicators. From a population of 101 journals publishing on tourism management across various scientific fields, only 287 articles on agritourism were found, of which seven focused specifically on agritourism farms. In addition, a general overview of the subject was established, and the behavior of scientific production on agritourism from its origins to 2023 was described. Consequently, the insufficient analysis of agritourism farms as a distinctive element of this tourism modality and their contribution to territorial development was evidenced. The findings of this research provide a scientific basis to support strategic decision-making that links both the agricultural and tourism sectors in favor of territorial development.

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