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Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx Journal)
Published by Budapest International Research and Critics University Journal
ISSN : 26557835     EISSN : 26557827     DOI : DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birex
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Physics Transportation
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx-Journal) is a peer reviewed journal published in January, April, July, October welcome research paper in Medical Science, Agriculture Science, Biological Science, Engineering Science and other related areas and it is published in both online and printed version
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Material (semua kategori) - Ilmu Material (Lain-Lain)
Articles 276 Documents
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Preliminary study on Gongronema latifolium stems fibers as a renewable engineering material for reinforcing polymer composites Okafor, Christian Emeka; Ugwu, Peter Chukwuemeka; Ekwueme, Godspower Onyekachukwu; Akçakale, Nürettin; Ifedigbo, Emmanuel Ekene; Madumere, Augustine Uzodinma
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2025): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, January
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v7i1.8031

Abstract

The ultimate analysis of Gongronema latifolium plant stem fibers was conducted to evaluate their potential as a renewable engineering material. The study utilized Gongronema latifolium plant fibers sourced from a local farm in Anambra State. Lignin determination was done by using 0.3 g samples prepared alongside 0.3 g for cellulose and crude fiber analyses. Key chemicals used included 72% sulfuric acid for lignin extraction and petroleum ether for defatting. Standard laboratory glassware and equipment, including a muffle furnace for ash content determination and an electric oven for drying, were employed. Ash content was determined from the incineration of 2 g of fibers at 800 °C and the bulk density was determined using a pycnometer. Moisture content was determined through oven drying while crude fibre was carried out using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) procedure where sample was treated with refluxing acid and alkali solutions of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide respectively. Cellulose content was determined via the Crampton and Mayrand method, involving centrifugation and acid digestion. Samples for lignin content determination were subjected to 72% sulfuric acid hydrolysis and weights obtained were used for calculation of lignin. The percentages of cellulose content were 12.862%, lignin 10.301%, and hemicellulose 6.005%. The moisture content of stem fibers was determined to be 1.711% from a sample weight of 1.344 g. The ash content was calculated at 10.095% from a sample of 1.466 g. Additionally, the fiber content was found to be 4.249% from a sample weight of 1.624 g, while the bulk density was measured at 0.417 g/ml. These findings indicate a favorable composition for reinforcing materials in composites and other engineering applications. As the findings have revealed, fibers obtained from Gongronema latifolium have notable potential in being used as the substitutes to the conventional engineering materials that would pave way for the creation of environmentally friendly products in the field of material engineering. Further studies are recommended to explore the processing techniques and performance characteristics of these fibers in reinforced composite applications.
Modeling the Recovery Dynamics of Coronal Dimming Across Solar Activity Phases: A Theoretical Approach Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2025): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, January
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v7i1.8040

Abstract

This study investigates the recovery of dynamics of coronal dimmings across solar activity phase. Temperature distributions, magnetic field evolution, and plasma density influence developing core and secondary dimming zones in solar and astrophysical plasma situations. Using advanced simulation techniques, we modeled the evolution of plasma density and temperature, revealing significant temperature gradients and distinct density profiles.. The results show a marked decrease in plasma density at the core regions, surrounded by secondary dimming zones, consistent with observed phenomena in solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Thermal conduction plays a crucial role in maintaining high temperatures at the core, while radiative cooling is prominent in the outer plasma regions, contributing to the cooling and dimming effects. The study also highlights the importance of magnetic flux tubes in shaping these plasma structures, with the symmetry of the density and temperature profiles supporting the confinement of these structures. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the physical processes governing plasma behavior in astrophysical contexts such as solar flares, stellar atmospheres, and galaxy clusters. Additionally, our results emphasize the need for further multi-dimensional simulations and empirical observations to validate and expand upon these findings, ultimately providing insights into space weather phenomena and other plasma-related processes in the universe. The study's findings have potential implications for space weather forecasting, stellar physics, and plasma dynamics in various astrophysical systems.
The Significance of Planetary Alignments: Astronomical, Cultural, and Theological Insights Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v7i2.8047

Abstract

Planetary alignments have intrigued astronomers, cultural historians, and religious scholars for centuries as a point of intersection between science and human belief systems. These celestial events have historically been associated with harmony, transformation, and symbolism, with varying interpretations across civilizations. This study modeled planetary alignments involving the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars from 2000 to 2100. The analysis employed elliptical orbital mechanics to predict the timing and frequency of these events, focusing on angular separations and gravitational interplay among the celestial bodies. The findings showed more frequent alignments between Earth and Mars in 2025, 2051, 2076, and 2100. However, a simultaneous alignment involving all five planets—Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars—was rare, occurring only once in 2025. This singular event highlights the intricate dynamics of orbital mechanics and gravitational forces that govern planetary motion. The alignments were discovered to have significant cultural and spiritual, representing themes of peace and rebirth in many different traditions. The study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to explore the multifaceted significance of celestial events, bridging the realms of astronomy, cultural studies, and spirituality. The rare 2025 alignment offers a unique opportunity for public engagement in astronomy, fostering a deeper appreciation of the cosmos. Moreover, preserving and integrating cultural interpretations of planetary alignments can promote a holistic understanding of their significance.
Firing Temperature Effect on the Thermo-structural Properties of Clay for Refractory Purposes: A Comparative Study on Nigerian Clay Deposits Obialo, Nwokeocha Tochukwu; Okolie, Paul Chukwulozie; Odeh, Calistus Princewill; Okoye, Chibuzo Ndubuisi; Uzodinma, Madumere Augustine
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v7i2.8045

Abstract

A comparative study on firing temperature effect on the thermo-structural properties of clay for refractory purposes, have been carried out on three Nigerian clay deposits (Mgbom, Amokwe and Amagu Ishiagu clay deposits). Three firing temperatures; 900, 1100 and 1200oC were considered in the study. Standard clay preparation procedures were employed in setting up the experiment, these include; crushing, soaking, drying, grinding, sieving, blending and moulding. Six refractory property tests (linear shrinkage, bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption, thermal shock resistance and refractoriness) were carried out on the prepared clay according to ASTM standards. For the purpose of microstructural characteristics, the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) test was also conducted. The test result gave a 27.26 - 42.53N/mm2, 4.09 – 9.27% 1.66 – 2.07g/cm3 1.01 – 15.65% 19-28 cycles for modulus of rupture, linear shrinkage, bulk density, apparent porosity and thermal shock respectively. The microstructural analysis showed a level of similarity between that of Mgbom and Amagu while that of Amokwe gave a number of visible pores. From the analysis of the obtained results 1200oC firing temperature was recommended among the studied temperatures.
The Book of Enoch and Early Astronomical Thought: A Prelude to Scientific Observation Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v7i2.8073

Abstract

The astronomical content of 1 Enoch and its influence on ancient and early modern philosophy is examined in this study, with particular attention paid to cosmological concepts, celestial motions, and timekeeping systems. The primary objective is to analyze the Astronomical Book of 1 Enoch with other ancient cosmological texts, assess its role in shaping early Jewish and Christian timekeeping practices, and evaluate its influence on medieval and Renaissance scientific thought. A textual analysis was conducted to examine the structure and content of 1 Enoch, a comparative study was employed to compare its celestial descriptions with those of Mesopotamian and Egyptian systems, and a historical analysis traced its impact on later theological and scientific advances. The study finds that the 364-day solar calendar in 1 Enoch aligns more closely with the Mesopotamian and Egyptian traditions than with traditional Jewish lunar calendars. Additionally, 1 Enoch's cosmology influenced medieval and Renaissance thinkers, contributing to theological discussions on divine order and precision in the cosmos. The study concludes that 1 Enoch played a significant role in the progress of ancient and medieval astronomy, influencing theological debates and scientific advancements. It recommends further research into the integration of Enochian cosmology in early scientific thought and its potential role in shaping the progress of timekeeping systems.
Study of the growth and survival of Heterotis niloticus fry (Cuvier, 1829) under rearing conditions in Kisangani (Tshopo, DRC) Alexander-Armand, AMATCHO KALONDA; LIFINDIKI Joseph, BOTOMBATOMBA; Louison, OSAKO OMELONGA; Célestin, DANADU MIZANI; Roger, LINGOFO BOLAYA; Nathalie, NGALYA BENGE; Alidor, KANKONDA BUSANGA
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v7i2.8082

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and survival of Heterotis niloticus fry based on local ingredients. A total of 120 fry with an initial weight of 6.9±5.2 g and an initial size of 4.5±3.1 cm in length were used for the experiment. After a seven-day acclimation period, these fry were randomly distributed in the 4 happas due to 30 fry per happa and two happens per feed. The experimental feeds were distributed manually to feed the fry until satiety, due to two feedings per day (8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m.). The feeding rate was given according to the body weight of the fish and readjusted after 2 weeks. For growth monitoring and survival of the fry, a sample of 40 fry was drawn from the happas due to 10 fry per happa every 6 weeks. The purpose of the operation was to measure the weight and total length of the fish. The experiment lasted 45 days. At the end of the study, the results obtained on growth and survival indicate that the average daily gain was 0.57 g/day for the fry fed with the T1 feed containing 36.5% animal protein and 0.46 g/day with the fry fed with the T2 feed containing 38% vegetable protein. The survival rate is 71.6 to 75% from one treatment to the next. The feed conversion ratio is 1.70 to 1.71 and the feed conversion ratio is 0.85 to 1.06 kg in the various treatments. The results as a whole show that pond rearing of H. niloticus can be considered for large-scale production and its extension should be encouraged.
Examining the Influence of Large-Scale Hydroelectric Projects on Earth's Rotation, Polarity Shifts, and Magnetic Reversals Goshu, Belay Sitotaw; Alemu, Yonas Tadesse
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v7i2.8086

Abstract

The construction of large-scale hydropower projects, such as the Three Gorges Dam, has raised concerns regarding their potential impact on Earth’s rotational dynamics, specifically the axial tilt (obliquity) and its implications for global climate systems. As mass redistribution from these projects could theoretically affect the Earth’s rotation, this study aimed to investigate whether the changes in mass distribution due to the Three Gorges Dam have any measurable effect on the Earth’s axial tilt. This study aimed to evaluate the possible relationship between large-scale hydrological projects and changes in the Earth's rotational characteristics, focusing on obliquity. This was accomplished by combining historical climate records, mathematical models, and satellite-based observational data. Axial tilt measurements from NASA's Earth Orientation Parameters dataset were used to predict and analyze the changes in the moment of inertia caused by the dam's water impoundment. Simulations showed that the Earth's rotational dynamics would only be slightly affected, well below the threshold needed to produce any discernible climatic changes. The study concludes that large-scale hydropower projects, including the Three Gorges Dam, do not have a significant impact on Earth’s axial tilt or long-term climate systems. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of how human-induced changes in mass distribution influence Earth’s rotational dynamics and underscore the resilience of the planet’s natural systems to such interventions.
Caractérisation Morpho-Qualitative Des Cultivars Locaux De Manioc (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Collectés Dans La Province De La Tshopo (RD. Congo) Yuma, Bolamba Faustin; Ndolandola, Mukandama Jean-Pierre; Nzawele, Dowiya Benjamin
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 7, No 3 (2025): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, July
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v7i3.8093

Abstract

L’objectif global était de déterminer sur base des caractéristiques phénotypiques, les groupes agro-morphologiques des cultivars locaux de manioc collectionnés dans les différents axes routiers de la province de la Tshopo et les variables qui ont plus contribuées à la formation des différents groupes. Trente-cinq descripteurs qualitatifs ont été utilisés. La classification Ascendante Hiérarchique réalisée à partir des variables qualitatives avait conduit au dendrogramme et avait établi quatre groupes des cultivars. Le groupe un (G1) avait rassemblé six (6) cultivars représentant 30 % et était composé de cultivars (Mbongo (1), Agasa (10), Lubunga pays (3), Adjakula (9), Liyele (19) et Ponzo mafuta(12)). Il est groupé par une corrélation allant de 50 à 90% par 9 caractères qualitatifs parmi lesquels 4 caractères sont transversaux (Couleur de Feuille Apicale, Couleur des Feuilles Epanouies, Nombre de Lobes Foliaires et Couleur externe de la tige). Les caractères transversaux peuvent être considérés comme dominants en nous référent au principe d’uniformité des caractères dominants en mono hybridisme de Mendel à la première génération. L’Orientation du Pétiole et la Couleur des extrémités des Branches étaient les caractères spécifiques avec 50% de corrélation pour le groupe 4. De même deux caractères récessifs avec faible corrélation pour le quatrième groupe ont été identifiés à savoir : le Goût de Racine Tubéreuse et la Canopée Foliaire.  
Addressing the Haemolytic Disease of the Fetus -Arun To Ba Eje Omo Ninu Oyun Je amongst Female Residents in Imota Akintayo, Atinuke Olubukade; Aondover, Eric Msughter
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v7i2.8080

Abstract

Assessing pregnant women’s awareness of Rh incompatibility is crucial to avoiding and treating issues related to this illness, as the rate of miscarriages among young women is alarming and requires immediate care. Because of the kind of Rhesus factor they have, women in Nigeria miscarry every three months. Due to a lack of knowledge, some of these mothers are not aware of this fetal hemolytic illness. Some women relate the health event to spiritual conditions, beliefs and traditions. Medical research has demonstrated that the primary cause of the miscarriages that occur every three months of pregnancy is the Rhesus factor that certain women possess. This study aimed at assessing the levels of awareness and knowledge of the Rhesus factor among women in Imota, Lagos State, to determine the extent to which health institutions' communication strategies contribute to women's understanding and awareness of Rh factor, to ascertain the knowledge level of Rh factor, its implications in pregnancy and to determine how well media advocacy works to inform female residents of Ikorodu Local Government Areas, which include Imota, Isiu, Ijede, and Bayeku. The results showed that female residents of the selected areas in Lagos State, have not received enough media attention regarding the fetal hemolytic illness. The findings showed that, though the level of awareness of the Rhesus factor among the women in the State was high, the knowledge level of the Rh compatibility issues on maternal and child health and its implications in pregnancy was low.
Dynamique De Rendement Cacaoyer Face Aux Intégrations Biotiques Agroforestières Complexe À Isangi, RD Congo Irène, Banwitiya Enzango; Hugo, Bobona Bonginda; Benjamin, Dowiya Nzawele; Albert, Okungo Lotokola
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 7, No 3 (2025): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, July
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v7i3.8096

Abstract

L’étude avait visé d’étudier la dynamique des interactions dans ce système d’agroforesterie. Nous nous sommes servis des techniques d’observations et d’inventaires en vue de déterminer la richesse spécifique des agroforêts. L’analyse a pris en compte la densité d’arbres par placette, sa croissance en diamètre et en élongation de la tige et enfin la production potentielle (fruits). Le rendement est exprimé en nombre de cabosses ou cherèlles par surface de bloc de plantation (10 placettes de (25 × 25) m). La proportion de la production par bloc de plantation (ppl) est obtenue en divisant la somme du bloc par le total des trois blocs exprimé en pourcentage. Les résultats sur l’ensemble de plantation en SAFC ont répertorié 392 individus autres que le cacaoyer. 46 espèces appartenant à 20 familles dans le premier bloc (Bfc); 29 espèces appartenant à 13 familles au bloc 2 (Bmc) et 48 espèces appartenant à 18 familles dans le bloc 3 (Bec). Les Fabaceae étaient les plus dominant (37,88%; 47,79% et 40,82%) respectivement pour le bloc 1, 2 et 3. Le problème de fertilité n'est pas un facteur limitant dans ce site car les légumineuses jouent fortement ce rôle. S'agissant des types morpho-biologiques des espèces associées, les mesophanérophytes sont les plus dominants (90,9%; 95,58% et 84,4%). Ce rendement est intéressant pour le bloc 1 (jachères) qui est le système agroforestier faiblement complexe (Bfc), car elle représente une production en cabosse frais de 6,32tonnes/ha. Alors que Bmc et Bec représentent une production potentielle de 2 tonnes/ha respectivement.  

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