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Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento
Published by Universitas Mahasaraswati
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23564814     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v6i1
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (JINTO) dengan nomor registrasi e-ISSN 2356-4814 didirikan pada tahun 2014, dan publikasi online dimulai pada tahun 2015. Jurnal diterbitkan dalam bahasa Indonesia. Awalnya JINTO diterbitkan oleh Akademi Farmasi Saraswati Denpasar. Namun sejak awal tahun 2019, penerbit jurnal berubah menjadi Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar karena institusi penerbit sebelumnya yaitu Akademi Farmasi Saraswati Denpasar telah mengalami penyatuan ke dalam institusi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar menjadi Fakultas Farmasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento diterbitkan setiap enam bulan sekali (Maret dan September) yang berisi penelitian di bidang ilmu farmasi. JINTO menerima artikel yang mencakup berbagai bidang ilmu farmasi seperti: Farmakologi dan Toksikologi; Farmasi Klinik dan Komunitas; Kimia Farmasi; Biologi Farmasi; Teknologi Farmasi; Farmasi Mikrobiologi dan Bioteknologi; Regulatory Affairs and Pharmacy Marketing Research; Pengobatan alternatif.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 322 Documents
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Aktivitas Antidiabetes Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji dan Daun Rambutan pada Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin Pradani, Lintang Oktavian; Widiastuti, Tri Cahyani; Khuluq, Muhammad Husnulq
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 11 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i2.9887

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance. Long-term use of oral antidiabetic drugs can lead to adverse effects and high costs, making safer alternatives necessary. Herbal medicines derived from natural sources offer a promising option with relatively fewer side effects. Guava (Psidium guajava) and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) leaves are known to contain bioactive compounds with potential antihyperglycemic properties. This study aimed to determine the optimal dose combination of guava and rambutan leaf extracts for controlling blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The extracts were prepared using maceration, standardized, and analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to identify active compounds. Thirty-two rats were divided into eight groups: healthy control, negative control (CMC-Na 0.5%), positive control (glimepiride 0.036 mg/kg BW), single extract of guava leaves (50 mg/kg BW), single extract of rambutan leaves (70 mg/kg BW), and three combinations of extracts (50%:50%, 75%:25%, and 25%:75%). Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally using streptozotocin. Blood glucose levels were measured every seven days for 21 days using a glucometer. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell post hoc test. The extracts met standardization requirements and contained flavonoids. The highest glucose reduction (72%) was observed in the 25%:75% combination (guava:rambutan), showing a significant difference compared to the negative control. These findings suggest that the combination of guava and rambutan leaf extracts has strong potential as a natural antidiabetic agent.
Analisis Penggunaan Antibiotik dengan Metode ATC/DDD dan DU90% di Puskesmas Banjarbaru Selatan Tahun 2023-2024 Sari, Okta Muthia; Intannia, Difa; Lingga, Herningtyas Nautika; Sandi, Dita Ayulia Dwi; Setiawan, Deni; Andini, Rizka Syawal; Dania, Sri Rahmah
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 11 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i2.11811

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is an escalating global health concern, with Indonesia increasingly reporting resistance across various bacterial species. This trend contributes to rising morbidity and mortality and influences patterns of antibiotic use, highlighting the need for systematic monitoring. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) methodology is a widely accepted standard for evaluating antibiotic consumption and serves as a key indicator of antimicrobial stewardship effectiveness. This study aimed to: (i) identify the most consumed antibiotics based on DDD/1000 outpatient visits, (ii) compare consumption between 2023 and 2024, and (iii) determine the DU90% segment of antibiotic use at Banjarbaru Selatan Health Center. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional design was conducted from January to May 2025, involving adult outpatients prescribed antibiotics during 2023–2024. Data analysis included DDD/1000 outpatient visit calculations and year-to-year comparisons using the Wilcoxon test. Amoxicillin consistently showed the highest consumption, with 272.94 DDD/1000 outpatient visits in 2023 and 274.26 in 2024. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in overall antibiotic use between the two years (p = 0.063). DU90% analysis identified Amoxicillin as the dominant antibiotic in 2023, while Amoxicillin and Cefadroxil led in 2024. Antibiotic consumption at Banjarbaru Selatan Health Center remained stable over the two years, with Amoxicillin as the predominant agent. These findings underscore the importance of routine monitoring using ATC/DDD and DU90% methodologies to inform targeted interventions and enhance antimicrobial resistance control strategies.
Tablet Ekstrak Daun Spondias pinnata: Pengaruh Variasi Primojel® dan Maltodekstrin terhadap Karakteristik dan Stabilitas Fisik serta Aktivitas Antioksidan Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini; Mayuni, Putri Diah Gita; Dewi, Ni Nyoman Ayu Pramesti; Mendra, Ni Nyoman Yudianti; Rahadi, I Wayan Surya; Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 11 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i2.12233

Abstract

Cemcem leaves (Spondias pinnata) are rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antioxidant potential. However, their traditional beverage form lacks stability, necessitating tablet formulation to improve stability and dosing convenience. This study evaluated the effect of varying concentrations of maltodextrin (binder) and Primojel® (disintegrant) on the physical quality and antioxidant activity of cemcem leaf extract tablets. Prior to formulation, extraction temperature optimization was performed using ultrasonic-assisted maceration at 30°C and 45°C, each for 3 minutes per cycle over three cycles. Three tablet formulations were prepared using optimized extract with different maltodextrin–Primojel® ratios: F1 (3%-8%), F2 (6.5%-5%), and F3 (10%-2%). Granule evaluation included moisture content, flow rate, angle of repose, and compressibility index. Tablets were assessed on days 1, 14, and 28 under room temperature storage for organoleptic properties, weight and size uniformity, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and the Friedman test at a 95% confidence level. Extraction at 30°C yielded superior antioxidant activity, with lower IC₅₀ values and higher total flavonoid content and was therefore selected for formulation. All granules met physical quality standards; however, among tablet parameters, only disintegration time complied with pharmacopeial requirements. Formula F3, containing the highest maltodextrin concentration (10%) and lowest Primojel® concentration (2%), demonstrated the best physical stability from day 1 to day 28 (p > 0.05) and the strongest antioxidant activity, with the lowest IC₅₀ value (23.88 µg/mL; AAI 1.68). These findings confirm a causal relationship between excipient concentration and tablet performance, supporting F3 as a promising prototype for antioxidant supplement development.
Formulasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Minyak Atsiri Citrus hystrix DC. dengan GC-MS untuk Aktivitas Repelan terhadap Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Juliadi, Debby; Cahyaningsih, Erna; Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 11 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i2.11352

Abstract

Plant-based mosquito control offers a promising alternative to reduce the health and environmental risks associated with chemical insecticides. Citrus hystrix DC. (kaffir lime), a member of the Citrus genus, produces essential oils rich in bioactive compounds such as limonene, citronellal, and terpinolene, which are known for antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. This study focused on extracting essential oil from kaffir lime fruit, identifying its chemical constituents using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and evaluating the repellent efficacy of its spray formulation against Aedes aegypti. Essential oil was obtained through steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS to determine its chemical profile. Repellent activity was assessed experimentally using 100 adult mosquitoes divided into five treatment groups, with spray formulations prepared at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc tests. GC-MS analysis revealed 90 compounds, with five major constituents: D-limonene (14.57%), limonene (13.92%), citronellal (6.66%), terpinolene (6.47%), and α-terpineol (5.74%). Repellent testing demonstrated that the 15% concentration provided the highest protection against mosquito landings. These findings confirm the potential of kaffir lime essential oil as an effective natural mosquito repellent and provide a scientific basis for developing eco-friendly, plant-derived vector control products. This research contributes to reducing dependence on synthetic insecticides and supports sustainable strategies for vector management that prioritize human health and environmental safety.
General Practitioners’ Perceptions of Collaboration with Pharmacists in Primary Care Settings: A Study Driven by Social Capital Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior Lovarya, Gabby; Wibowo, Yosi Irawati; Setiadi, Adji Prayitno
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.11141

Abstract

Background: Pharmacists are expected to take up broader clinical roles and collaborate with general practitioners (GPs); however, data on the perception of GPs’ in the primary care settings is lacking.Objective: This study aimed to explore GPs’ perceptions driven by Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) and Social Capital Theory (SCT) towards collaboration with pharmacists in primary care settings.Methods: Interviews using questionnaires (with a combination of open-and closed-ended questions) were conducted with GPs at all Puskesmas in East Surabaya (n=14). Descriptive analysis was used to summarize data from closed-ended questions, and thematic analysis was used for open-ended questions.Results: A total of 28 GPs of 14 Puskesmas were included (i.e., 2 GPs per Puskesmas). The mean scores of each dimension for intrapersonal perceptions (based on TBP): 1) attitude (2.6 – positive); 2) subjective norms (3.3 – positive), 3) difficulty (2.75 – low). While the mean scores for interpersonal perceptions (based on SCT): 1) level of trust (5.7 – high); 2) level of social capital (6.0 – high). There were five themes for basic trusts: i) daily performance, ii) pharmacy skills and knowledge, iii) work experience, iv) performance track records, v) ability to communicate and collaborate with GPs. This study highlighted while GPs generally have positive perceptions, some items warrant considerations, such as negative experience with pharmacists (39.3%), lack of support from management (92.9%), and perceived difficulty to practice collaboration due to workload, cost and facilities. Additionally, 42.9% of GPs reported that they cannot fully trust delegating work to pharmacists.Conclusions: Findings from this study should provide guidance to develop strategies to optimize collaborative practice with GPs, thus facilitating the expanded clinical roles of pharmacists in primary care settings.
Chemical and DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Stability of Avocado Seed Acetone Extract Against pH Changes Suradnyana, I Gede Made; Juliadi, Debby; Mendra, Ni Nyoman Yudianti; Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.12213

Abstract

Background: Avocado seeds contain phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanidin compounds that have antioxidant activity. The stability of phenolic compounds depends on the pH of the solution. A decrease in total phenolic levels causes a decrease in antioxidant activity. The chemical stability and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of avocado seed extract against pH are not yet known.Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of pH on the chemical stability and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of avocado seed extract.Methods: Chemical stability was observed from changes in total phenolic levels, and stability of DPPH free radical scavenging activity was observed from the difference in the percentage of DPPH reduction of the extract solution in phosphate-citrate buffer at pH 3.24, 5.52, and 7.44 before and after being heated at 60°C for 2 hours.Results: The average decrease in total phenolic levels of the extract in buffer pH 3.24, 5.52, and 7.44 before and after being heated was 5.76%, 3.89%, and 22.08%, respectively. The decrease in DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the extract in buffer pH 3.24, 5.52, and 7.44 before and after heating was 24.78%, 1.96%, and 56.09%, respectively. There is a significant difference in the total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the acetone extract solution in phosphate–citrate buffer at pH 3.24 and 7.44 before and after heating, but there is no significant difference at pH 5.52.Conclusion: Therefore, in the development of formulations containing acetone extract of avocado seeds, buffering at a pH close to 5.22 is required.
Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka dan Analisis Bibliometrik Resistensi Multidrug Therapy (MDT) pada Mycobacterium leprae Setyawan, Sulthon Nurreza; Musthofa, Syafri; Isnawati, Isnawati
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.12608

Abstract

Background: Leprosy remains a global public health problem, and the emergence of resistance to Multidrug Therapy (MDT) poses a serious obstacle to eradication efforts.Objective: This study aims to systematically review the mechanisms of resistance, the types of drugs involved, and the diagnostic approaches, while mapping research trends through bibliometric analysis.Methods: The study was conducted using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on PRISMA guidelines with data sourced from Scopus for the 2015–2025 publication period. Of the 11,166 identified articles, only 16 met the inclusion criteria. Furthermore, a bibliometric analysis using the Bibliometrix R package on 2,214 publications was conducted to describe country scientific production, country production over time, co-occurrence, and word cloud.Results: The results showed that gene mutations rpoB, folP1, and gyrAis a major determinant of resistance to rifampin, dapsone, and ofloxacin, while new mechanisms such as partial duplication folP1 and compensatory mutations in rpoC indicates increasingly complex resistance patterns. India and Brazil contribute the most publications, in line with their high disease burden, while Indonesia's figures are relatively low despite being a major endemic country.Conclusion: This study emphasizes that MDT resistance requires more precise strategies, including strengthening molecular surveillance, genetic-based diagnostics, and developing locally tailored therapeutic policies. Increased research capacity and international collaboration are also needed to accelerate the achievement of global leprosy elimination targets.
Eksplorasi Faktor-Faktor Penentu Niat Kepatuhan Pengobatan pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: Studi dengan Pendekatan Theory of Planned Behavior pada Masyarakat Jawa Pratiwi, Fransiska Indah; Widayati, Aris; Dewi, Pramitha Esha Nirmala
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.12680

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) requires long-term therapy, which may reduce patients’ adherence to medication and ultimately lead to treatment failure.Objective: This study aimed to analyze factors influencing medication adherence intention among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among patients diagnosed with T2DM in Purworejo Regency, Central Java. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using binary logistic regression in SPSS version 25. A total of 382 respondents were included in the analysis.Results: Most participants were female, aged 55–65 years, employed, and had an elementary school education or equivalent. The proportion of respondents with high medication adherence intention was 85.9%. Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control jointly explained 53.6% of the variance in medication adherence intention. Among these variables, subjective norm demonstrated the strongest association with adherence intention (OR = 197.019; p < 0.001).Conclusion: These findings suggest that social influence, particularly encouragement and support from family members and healthcare providers, plays a dominant role in shaping medication adherence intention within a collectivist socio-cultural setting. Integrating culturally sensitive, family-centered approaches into diabetes management programs may therefore strengthen adherence intention and improve long-term treatment outcomes among patients with T2DM.
Anti-Aging Efficacy of Mangrove Leaf Extract Cream Assessed by SPF and Collagen Density Enhancement: In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma; Adrianta, Ketut Agus; Udayani, Ni Nyoman Wahyu; Amaral, Meriana Barreto; Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.13138

Abstract

Background: Excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure is a major contributor to skin photoaging through oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen degradation. Mangrove leaf extract (Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig) contains bioactive compounds with potential photoprotective properties. In this study, the extract was formulated into an oil-in-water (O/W) cream suitable for cosmetic applications.Objective: This study aimed to determine the in vitro sun protection factor (SPF), percentage of erythema transmission (%Te), and percentage of pigmentation transmission (%Tp) of the mangrove leaf extract cream, and to evaluate its effectiveness on UVB-exposed guinea pig skin using collagen density as an anti-aging biomarker.Methods: In vitro assessments of SPF, %Te, and %Tp were performed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry. In vivo evaluation was conducted using 20 guinea pigs to examine the effect of the cream on collagen density through histopathological analysis of UVB-exposed skin.Results: The mangrove leaf extract cream exhibited strong photoprotective activity, with SPF values ranging from 20.68 ± 0.51 to 33.70 ± 0.67, %Te values from 3.13 ± 0.08 to 1.75 ± 0.03, and %Tp values from 4.40 ± 0.12 to 3.31 ± 0.03. Furthermore, the cream significantly increased collagen density (71.77 ± 5.27–81.02 ± 0.96) compared with the positive control (52.16 ± 2.32) (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The mangrove leaf extract cream provides effective protection against UVB radiation, characterized by high-protection SPF, extra-protection %Te, and sunblock-level %Tp. The 5% formulation significantly enhanced collagen density, supporting its potential as a natural anti-aging active ingredient for photoaging prevention through improved UV protection and dermal structure.
Understanding the Safety Profile of Imatinib in Asian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: A Systematic Review Budiarti, Niky; Ikawati, Zullies; Nurrochmad, Arief; Arief, Thendi Abdul
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.13296

Abstract

Background: The treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia has advanced substantially since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, particularly imatinib. However, adverse events associated with imatinib may affect adherence and quality of life, highlighting the importance of understanding safety outcomes across populations.Objective: This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on hematologic and non-hematologic adverse events associated with imatinib use among chronic myeloid leukemia patients in Asia.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect for studies published between January 2020 and July 2025. Eligible studies were synthesized narratively due to methodological heterogeneity. Adverse events were extracted as reported and graded using standardized toxicity criteria, and causality assessment was applied when available. Study quality was evaluated using established critical appraisal tools. Five studies from India, China, and Taiwan met the inclusion criteria.Results: The most frequent hematologic adverse event was anemia, followed by neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Common non-hematologic adverse events included gastrointestinal symptoms, peripheral or periorbital edema, muscle cramps, and hyperpigmentation, with regional variations. Most events were mild to moderate (grades 1–2), while severe fluid retention, including pleural and pericardial effusions, was reported in isolated cases. No studies reported permanent discontinuation of imatinib due to adverse events.Conclusion: This review summarizes imatinib-related adverse events among chronic myeloid leukemia patients from selected Asian regions—East and South Asia, specifically India, China, and Taiwan—showing predominantly mild to moderate toxicities and providing practice-informed insights for clinical monitoring. However, the absence of data from other Asian regions precludes generalization to the entire Asian continent.

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