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One method to obtain genetic information is the diallel cross analysis. The objective of this study was to eavluate the genetic parameters of six inbred pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) using full diallel crosses. The experiment was conducted at IPB Experiment Field, Cikabayan, Darmaga. The design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) using three replications as blocks. Data from generation F1 and parents were analyzed using the Hayman Method. Results indicated that no epistatic effects were si MUHAMAD SYUKUR; SRIANI SUJIPRIHATI; RAHMI YUNIANTI; . UNDANG
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 17 No. 4 (2010): December 2010
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.17.4.183

One method to obtain genetic information is the diallel cross analysis. The objective of this study was to eavluate the genetic parameters of six inbred pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) using full diallel crosses. The experiment was conducted at IPB Experiment Field, Cikabayan, Darmaga. The design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) using three replications as blocks. Data from generation F1 and parents were analyzed using the Hayman Method. Results indicated that no epistatic effects were significant for all the traits assessed. Additive genetic effects were larger than the dominant effects for yield per plant, fruit length, and diameter fruit traits. Dominant genetic effects were larger than the additive effects for fruit weight traits. Narrow-sense and broad-sense heritability were high for all the traits assessed. The character of the yield per plant, fruit weight and fruit diameter shows that there were more dominant genes in the parents. There were more recessive genes in parents for the fruit length character. IPB C7 parent was the most recessive genes containing control characters in the yield per plant. In the new improved varieties of high yielding, IPB C7 could be crossed with IPB C9. Employing individual or mass selection breeding should be successful in developing high-productivity lines in this population.

A xylanase gene, xynA, has been cloned from thermophilic strain Geobacillus stearothermophilus, which was isolated from marine Tanjung Api, Indonesia. The polymerase chain reaction product of 1266 bp of xynA gene consisted of 1221 bp open reading frame and encoded 407 amino acids including 30 residues of signal peptide. The sequence exhibited highest identity of 98.7% in the level of amino acid, with an extracellular endo-1,4-β-xylanase from G. stearothermophilus T-6 (E-GSX T-6) of the glycoside BUDI SAKSONO; LINDA SUKMARINI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 17 No. 4 (2010): December 2010
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.17.4.189

A xylanase gene, xynA, has been cloned from thermophilic strain Geobacillus stearothermophilus, which was isolated from marine Tanjung Api, Indonesia. The polymerase chain reaction product of 1266 bp of xynA gene consisted of 1221 bp open reading frame and encoded 407 amino acids including 30 residues of signal peptide. The sequence exhibited highest identity of 98.7% in the level of amino acid, with an extracellular endo-1,4-β-xylanase from G. stearothermophilus T-6 (E-GSX T-6) of the glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10). A comparative study between the local strain G. stearothermophilus (GSX L) and E-GSX T-6 on homology of amino acid sequence indicated five differents amino acids in the gene. They were Threonine/Alanine (T/A), Asparagine/Aspartate (N/D), Lysine/Asparagine (K/N), Isoleucine/Methionine (I/M), Serine/Threonine (S/T) at the position 220, 227, 228, 233, and 245, respectively. Protein structural analysis of those differences suggested that those amino acids may play role in biochemical properties such as enzyme stability, in particular its thermostability.

High utilization of fossil fuel increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and results in global warming phenomenon. These things establish the world’s thought to look for the other alternative energy that can reduce the use of fossil fuel even to be replaced by the substitute. Recently, Indonesia has been doing the research of microalgae as a feedstock of an alternative biofuel. Fatty acid content that microalgae have is also high to produce biofuel. The steps used in this research TRI PRARTONO; MUJIZAT KAWAROE; DAHLIA WULAN SARI; DINA AUGUSTINE
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 17 No. 4 (2010): December 2010
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.17.4.196

High utilization of fossil fuel increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and results in global warming phenomenon. These things establish the world’s thought to look for the other alternative energy that can reduce the use of fossil fuel even to be replaced by the substitute. Recently, Indonesia has been doing the research of microalgae as a feedstock of an alternative biofuel. Fatty acid content that microalgae have is also high to produce biofuel. The steps used in this research is a 7 days cultivation, harvesting, extraction using hexane, and fatty acid identification using Gas Chromatography of microalgae species. Fatty acid component in some species such as Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Nannochloropsis sp., and Isochrysis sp. is between 0.21-29.5%; 0.11-25.16%; 0.30-42.32%; 2.06-37.63%, respectively, based on dry weight calculation. The high content of fatty acid in some species of microalgae showed the potential to be the feedstock of producing biofuel in overcoming the limited utilization from petroleum (fossil fuel) presently.

The excessive number of free radicals in human body could increase lipid peroxides and causes a variety of degenerative diseases. Piper crocatum is a plant containing natural chemicals that may have an antioxidant ability to inhibit fatty acid oxidation and reduce free radicals, however, there is no published scientific reports up to now. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study the ability of ethanol extract of P. crocatum as an antioxidant. The leaves of P. crocatum (25 g) were ex MUHAMMAD ALFARABI; MARIA BINTANG; . SURYANI; MEGA SAFITHRI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 17 No. 4 (2010): December 2010
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.17.4.201

The excessive number of free radicals in human body could increase lipid peroxides and causes a variety of degenerative diseases. Piper crocatum is a plant containing natural chemicals that may have an antioxidant ability to inhibit fatty acid oxidation and reduce free radicals, however, there is no published scientific reports up to now. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study the ability of ethanol extract of P. crocatum as an antioxidant. The leaves of P. crocatum (25 g) were extracted with 100 ml of 70% ethanol. Antioxidant activity was measured by thiobarbituric acid method and compared with 2,2-diphenil-1-picryl hydrazyl method with α-tocopherol as the standard antioxidant. The results showed that the extract of 200 ppm inhibited fatty acids oxidation by 80.40% and IC50 for free radical scavenging was 85.82 ppm. There was no significant different (α = 0.05) inhibition of unsaturated fatty acids oxidation between the sample and α-tocopherol at 200 ppm. This study suggested that the leaves extract of P. crocatum has a potential natural antioxidant.

Prevalence of heart disease in dogs was very high and required early diagnosis through physical examination, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography. Normal reference values of echocardiography are highly breedspecific and need for comparison and evaluation of dogs suspected with heart disease. Therefore the aim of this study was to establish normal reference echocardiographic values for Indonesian mongrel dogs, specifically to find out intracardiac dimensions, wall thickness, and fractional sho DENI NOVIANA; DEVI PARAMITHA; RETNO WULANSARI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.1.1

Prevalence of heart disease in dogs was very high and required early diagnosis through physical examination, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography. Normal reference values of echocardiography are highly breedspecific and need for comparison and evaluation of dogs suspected with heart disease. Therefore the aim of this study was to establish normal reference echocardiographic values for Indonesian mongrel dogs, specifically to find out intracardiac dimensions, wall thickness, and fractional shortening. Motion-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography from right parasternal short axis and long axis view were performed on nine clinically healthy dogs consisting of five males and four males. The results showed that wall thickness and fractional shortening of Indonesia mongrel dogs were higher compared with those in the other breed that have the same average weight. As opposite, the intracardiac dimensions and lumen dimensions of aorta and left atrial diameter were smaller. These differences might occur due to factors other than the dog’s habits and functions such as working and hunting, but can also be caused by the existence of breed differences. There was no significant difference between male and female dogs in terms of intracardiac dimension systole (P = 0.53), diastole (P = 0.38), fractional shortening (P = 0.053), and the ratio of aorta and left atrial diameter (P = 0.06).

Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Bangle), Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk. (Jati belanda), and Murraya paniculata (Kemuning) have been used as slimming agents in jamu. A few researches have performed studies on their potency as antiobesity. The aim of this research was to investigate the potency of Z. cassumunar rhizome, G. ulmifolia, and M. paniculata leaf extracts as antiobesity agent based on in vitro inhibition activity of the extracts on pancreatic lipase activity. In this research, water content determin DYAH ISWANTINI; RHOITO FROISTA SILITONGA; ELIZABETH MARTATILOFA; LATIFAH KOSIM DARUSMAN
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.1.6

Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Bangle), Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk. (Jati belanda), and Murraya paniculata (Kemuning) have been used as slimming agents in jamu. A few researches have performed studies on their potency as antiobesity. The aim of this research was to investigate the potency of Z. cassumunar rhizome, G. ulmifolia, and M. paniculata leaf extracts as antiobesity agent based on in vitro inhibition activity of the extracts on pancreatic lipase activity. In this research, water content determination, phytochemical assay, toxicity assay and in vitro assay of inhibition activity on pancreatic lipase were performed toward single and mixture extracts of Z. cassumunar, G. ulmifolia, and M. paniculata resulted by water, ethanol, and saponin extractions. The results indicated that 100 ppm of ethanol extraction of Z. cassumunar had highest inhibition effect on the activity of pancreatic lipase (29.17%), followed by 100 ppm of water extraction of M. paniculata (25.66%), 60 ppm of ethanol extraction of G. ulmifolia leaves (25.13%) and ethanol extraction mixture of Z. cassumunar, G. ulmifolia, and M. paniculata leaves with ratio of 25:25:25 (21.58%). These inhibition effects were higher than inhibitory effect of 100 ppm of Xenical®/orlistat as the positive control, with the inhibition value of 17.53%. Saponin crude extracts had lower inhibitory effect than the other extractions. It was suggested that ethanol extraction of Z. cassumunar, and G. ulmifolia and water extraction of M. paniculata had potency as antiobesity agent

The human feet and mouth are known as sources of methylated sulfides, which are produced by other microflora. Methylated sulfides could be oxidized by methylotrophic bacteria, which may result in odor reduction in human feet and mouth. In this study, we collected a total of 21 isolates from human feet, and 37 isolates from human mouth. These isolates were identified with biochemical test such as oxidase and catalase test and Gram staining assay. The presence of mxaF gene of methanol dehydrogenas DIANA ELIZABETH WATURANGI; CATHERINE DELANY NICHOLAS; CINDY OKTAVIA SUSANTO; MAGGY THENAWIJAYA SUHARTONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.1.11

The human feet and mouth are known as sources of methylated sulfides, which are produced by other microflora. Methylated sulfides could be oxidized by methylotrophic bacteria, which may result in odor reduction in human feet and mouth. In this study, we collected a total of 21 isolates from human feet, and 37 isolates from human mouth. These isolates were identified with biochemical test such as oxidase and catalase test and Gram staining assay. The presence of mxaF gene of methanol dehydrogenase was detected by PCR using specific primers. However, the result showed that most of the isolates did not possess mxaF gene. Hence, the methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) activity was also determined. From the total 21 isolates obtained from the feet, only 15 of them showed MDH activity whereas 23 isolates from the total 37 isolates obtained from teeth and tongue region also showed MDH activity. Isolate K25-3 (74.444 U/ml), K33-6 (79.815 U/ml), and K43-5 (69.259 U/ml) from human feet and M41L3 (135.926 U/ml), M27G2 (85.556 U/ml), and M51G1 (103.333 U/ml) from human mouth showed the highest total enzyme activity. Isolates with the highest total activity could be used for further studies such as purification of the enzyme and isolates characterization.

Induction of genetic variant of Artemisia annua L. was conducted through the application of gamma ray irradiation in 2007-2008. The aim was to obtain a plant with high artemisine content > 0.5% and late flowering period of about > 7 month after planting. Tweleve selected genotypes were subsequently examined to gain genetic stability on altitude of 1500, 950, and 540 m asl. The results showed that the plants had shorter flowering age in Cicurug (540 m asl) than that of in Pacet (950 m asl) and G ENDANG GATI LESTARI ENDANG GATI LESTARI ENDANG GATI LESTARI; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; RAGAPADMI PURNAMANINGSIH; ROSSA YUNITA; ROHIM FIRDAUS
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.1.16

Induction of genetic variant of Artemisia annua L. was conducted through the application of gamma ray irradiation in 2007-2008. The aim was to obtain a plant with high artemisine content > 0.5% and late flowering period of about > 7 month after planting. Tweleve selected genotypes were subsequently examined to gain genetic stability on altitude of 1500, 950, and 540 m asl. The results showed that the plants had shorter flowering age in Cicurug (540 m asl) than that of in Pacet (950 m asl) and Gunung Putri (1540 m asl). Genotype 8 had the latest age of flowering in the three locations than the other genotypes, however, the growth and biomass were the lowest. Vegetative growth of Artemisia in Pacet and Gunung Putri was better than those in Cicurug. Genotype of 15 in Cicurug and 5A genotype in Gunung Putri and Pacet had higher wet and dry weight than that of two other associates. Based on plant biomass, 5 genotypes from Gunung Putri and Pacet i.e. 1D, 3, 5A, 14, and 15 genotypes were selected, as well as 5 genotypes i.e. 1D, 3, 4, 5A, and 15 genotypes from Cicurug. Analisys on artemisin content successfully obtained 5 selected somaclone lines i.e. 1B, 2, 4, 14, and 3 somaclones.

The aim of the study was to analyze the interaction between clone and environment for starch yield in six month-old plants of cassava clones based on additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The experiments were conducted on mineral soil in four different locations: Lumajang (inceptisol), Kediri (entisol), Pati (alfisol), and Tulangbawang (ultisol). The experiments were carried out during 2004-2005, using a split plot design withthree replications. The main plots were t . SHOLIHIN
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.1.21

The aim of the study was to analyze the interaction between clone and environment for starch yield in six month-old plants of cassava clones based on additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The experiments were conducted on mineral soil in four different locations: Lumajang (inceptisol), Kediri (entisol), Pati (alfisol), and Tulangbawang (ultisol). The experiments were carried out during 2004-2005, using a split plot design withthree replications. The main plots were the simple and the improved technology. The clones used were fifteen clones. Parameter recorded was starch yield (kg/ha) of the 6 month old plants. The data were analyzed using the AMMI model. Based on the AMMI analysis, environmental factors being important in determining the stability of the starch yield were soil density for subsoil, pH of topsoil, and the maximum air humidity four months after planting. The clones of CMM97001-87, CMM97002-183, CMM97011-191, CMM97006-44, and Adhira 4 were identified as stable clones in starch yield within 6 month-old plants. CMM97007-235 was adapted to maximum relative humidity 4 months after planting and to lower pH of topsoil, whereas, MLG 10311 was adapted to lower bulk density. The mean starch yield of MLG 10311 was the highest six months after planting.

Rubber hand pollination in Indonesian Rubber Research Institute program currently uses Wickham population which genetic analysis showed that genetic diversity of this population is narrow. The development of breeding activity has made the genetic base narrower by inbreeding. In order to solve this problem can use a new genetic resource that is the rubber germplasm IRRDB 1981 population. The genetic relationship between these populations is important to choose parents to avoid closely related gen FETRINA OKTAVIA; MUDJI LASMININGSIH; . KUSWANHADI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.1.27

Rubber hand pollination in Indonesian Rubber Research Institute program currently uses Wickham population which genetic analysis showed that genetic diversity of this population is narrow. The development of breeding activity has made the genetic base narrower by inbreeding. In order to solve this problem can use a new genetic resource that is the rubber germplasm IRRDB 1981 population. The genetic relationship between these populations is important to choose parents to avoid closely related genotypes in hand pollination. Therefore RAPD analysis was carried out using four selected primers i.e. OPH-03, OPH-05, OPH-18 and OPN-06. The result showed that Wickham and IRRDB 1981 population were separated into two different big groups with genetic similarity value of 0.64, and those big groups were separated further into many small sub groups with some genetic similarity level. The genetic similarity matrix showed that Wickham and IRRDB 1981 population has a range of genetic similarity 0.37– 0.98. The highest genetic similarity was found between RRIM 600 and PN 621, while the lowest was between BPM 1 and RRIC 100. Value in this matrix showed the genetic diversity between each clone. Based on this result, rubber genotypes of Wickham population could be crossed with genotypes of IRRDB 1981 population by choosing genotypes that have low genetic similarity.

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INDONESIA