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Methoxyacetic acid (MAA) causes digit malformations of mice when it was given orally on gestation day 11. Previous observation showed that malformation was caused by cell death. The aims of the research were to determine the types of cell death, first time of cell death and their distribution pattern on forelimb bud of Swiss Webster (SW) mice. Ten mM/kg of body weight (bw) of MAA were administered by gavage to SW mice on gestation day 11. Forelimb bud of mouse embryos of gestation day 11 + 0, 1, AGUS HARYONO; TIEN WIATI SURJONO; LIEN ALINA SUTASURYA; SRI SUDARWATI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.1.33

Methoxyacetic acid (MAA) causes digit malformations of mice when it was given orally on gestation day 11. Previous observation showed that malformation was caused by cell death. The aims of the research were to determine the types of cell death, first time of cell death and their distribution pattern on forelimb bud of Swiss Webster (SW) mice. Ten mM/kg of body weight (bw) of MAA were administered by gavage to SW mice on gestation day 11. Forelimb bud of mouse embryos of gestation day 11 + 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours were processed with paraffin method and were made plantar section. Cell death at plantar section were colored with 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole hydrochloride (DAPI) and hematoxylin. The result showed, that digit malformations initially by apoptosis mesenchymal cell at proximal of axial mesoderm in around of primary axial artery has done one hour after treatment. Apoptosis at the axial area, the site formation of digital ray III distributed to preaxial area where digits I and II are formed, and to the site formation of digits IV and V. The number of mesenchyme cell of digital rays II, III, and V was decrease by the increasing of gestation day, while digital ray was not formed and finally digits I, II, III, and V were missing. The reduction number of cell of digital ray IV were delayed time to be formed and its small size. Thereby it can be concluded, that MAA induced digit malformations of SW mice started by apoptosis which is occurrence has been increase in area of digital ray formation, so that digital ray can not be formed, but when formed it will not developed.

Soybean is a good source of protein. It has two major fractions, b-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S). b-conglycinin’s function was known to suppress food intake, and this effect may be due to stimulating endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) release. The aims of this study were to determine the highest content of total b-conglycinin and b-conglycinin sub unit-b level obtained from two varieties of soybean i.e. Wilis and Detam 1 varieties using different preparation and extraction methods. These two MEILINAH HIDAYAT; MUCHTAN SUJATNO; NUGRAHA SUTADIPURA; . SETIAWAN; AHMAD FARIED
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.1.37

Soybean is a good source of protein. It has two major fractions, b-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S). b-conglycinin’s function was known to suppress food intake, and this effect may be due to stimulating endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) release. The aims of this study were to determine the highest content of total b-conglycinin and b-conglycinin sub unit-b level obtained from two varieties of soybean i.e. Wilis and Detam 1 varieties using different preparation and extraction methods. These two soybean varieties were prepared into tempeh. Then the seed and tempeh were extracted using Deak and Panthee methods. There were six extracts analysed using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) staining. The result was shown that Detam variety and raw seed contained the highest total b-conglycinin level. And Panthee method was the best method for extraction of total b-conglycinin, while Deak method was the best method for extraction of b-conglycinin subunit-b.

In global change research, where modelling of CO2 fluxes from plants is an important component in determining vegetation capacity to protect the climate, mechanistic-based modelling is needed when projection of future CO2 absorption dynamics need to be estimated more accurately. Rubisco is the world’s most abundant protein in plants and has the job of uniquely preparing CO2 for chemical reduction. Rubisco activity in the leaf, described by Vcmax, can be estimated from gas exchange measurements TANIA JUNE
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.1.43

In global change research, where modelling of CO2 fluxes from plants is an important component in determining vegetation capacity to protect the climate, mechanistic-based modelling is needed when projection of future CO2 absorption dynamics need to be estimated more accurately. Rubisco is the world’s most abundant protein in plants and has the job of uniquely preparing CO2 for chemical reduction. Rubisco activity in the leaf, described by Vcmax, can be estimated from gas exchange measurements of the initial slope of the response of CO2 assimilation rate, A, to intercellular [CO2]. This technique of estimation is favourable because it can avoid the uncertainties and difficulties when Vcmax is obtained directly by extraction and biochemical assay in artificial media. Rate of assimilation of soybean plants grown at different temperature (20/15, 25/20, and 32/27 oC day/night temperature) and [CO2] (350 and 700 mmol mol-1), were measured using gas exchange. The effect of wall conductance (gw) on the parameterization of assimilations rate was observed. The temperature dependence of Vcmax depends strongly on wall conductance, where the shape of the curve would change significantly if finite wall conductance were included in the analysis. The implication is that it changes the values and interpretation of the temperature response of assimilation rate

Potential Pseudomonas Isolated from Soybean Rhizosphere as Biocontrol against Soilborne Phytopathogenic Fungi ARI SUSILOWATI; ARIS TRI WAHYUDI; YULIN LESTARI; ANTONIUS SUWANTO; SURYO WIYONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 2 (2011): June 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Plants are liable to be attacked by soilborne fungal pathogens which are responsible to reduce plant growth and losses in yield. In Indonesia, indigenous soybeans’ rhizobacteria such as antifungal producing Pseudomonas sp. have not many been reported yet. Therefore, the potential of the Pseudomonas sp. as biocontrol agent should be deeply explored. The aim of this study was to screen the indigenous soybeans’ rhizobacteria Pseudomonas sp. that possessing biocontrol characters against soilborne mainly i.e. Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani, in vitro and in planta. Eleven isolates identified Pseudomonas sp. CRB numbered by CRB-3, CRB-16, CRB-17, CRB-31, CRB-44, CRB-75, CRB-80, CRB-86, CRB-102, CRB-109, and CRB-112 were affirmed to be candidates of biocontrol agents toward the soilborne fungal pathogens. Pseudomonas sp. CRB inhibited growth of the pathogenic fungi approximately 11.1-60.0% in vitro. Among of them, 7 isolates were also produced siderophore, 2 isolates produced chitinase, and 4 isolates produced hydrogen cyanide. Seed coating with the Pseudomonas sp. CRB accomplished disease suppression in planta about 14.3-100% in sterile soil condition and 5.2-52.6% in non sterile soil condition. Consistency in high performance more than 30% of disease suppression in non sterile soil condition suggested that 5 isolates i.e. CRB-16, CRB-44, CRB-86, CRB-102, and CRB-109 isolates have great promising to be developed as biocontrol agents of soilborne pathogenic fungi.

Dendronephthya sp. is a soft coral that has huge distribution starting from Indopacific, Tonga, Solomon Islands to Great Barrier Reef in Australia. However, this soft corals survive only in short period after cultivation in artificial habitat (aquarium). Recent study showed that the soft coral Dendronephtya sp. has an association or symbiotic relationship with several bacteria, commonly known as coral associated bacteria (CAB). In this study, we compared the population dynamic of Dendronephthya SUSAN SOKA; RORY ANTHONY HUTAGALUNG; . YOGIARA; CLARA ASSISI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 2 (2011): June 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.2.57

Dendronephthya sp. is a soft coral that has huge distribution starting from Indopacific, Tonga, Solomon Islands to Great Barrier Reef in Australia. However, this soft corals survive only in short period after cultivation in artificial habitat (aquarium). Recent study showed that the soft coral Dendronephtya sp. has an association or symbiotic relationship with several bacteria, commonly known as coral associated bacteria (CAB). In this study, we compared the population dynamic of Dendronephthya sp.-associated bacteria in natural and artificial habitat, resulting different bacterial community profiles using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of bacterial community DNA. There were 15 main classes of bacterial population identified along with uncultured microorganism, uncultured organism, uncultured bacteria and unidentified organism. Members of Actinobacteria, Arthrobacteria, Chlorobia, Caldilineae, d-proteobacteria and Proteobacteria were predicted to give contributions in the survival ability of both Dendronephthya sp. The cultivation of soft corals after 2 weeks in artificial habitat increases bacterial population similarity on 2 different samples by 10%. Bacterial population similarity in artificial habitat would increase along with the longer cultivation time of soft corals.

This research was to study in vitro callus induction and somatic embryogenesis in oil palm from leaf explants. Young leaf segments from mature oil palm were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D with or without addition of 2 g/l activated charcoal (AC) or 2,4-D and picloram. Embryogenesis induction was done using MS medium containing 2,4-D 450 mM and benziladenine 4.4 mM with 3g/l activated charcoal. The treatment of 2,4-D 15 mM resulted in the highest percent . YUSNITA; DWI HAPSORO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 2 (2011): June 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.2.61

This research was to study in vitro callus induction and somatic embryogenesis in oil palm from leaf explants. Young leaf segments from mature oil palm were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D with or without addition of 2 g/l activated charcoal (AC) or 2,4-D and picloram. Embryogenesis induction was done using MS medium containing 2,4-D 450 mM and benziladenine 4.4 mM with 3g/l activated charcoal. The treatment of 2,4-D 15 mM resulted in the highest percentage of callus induction. The treatment of 2,4-D and AC showed that 2,4-D 450 mM and AC led to higher percentage of callus induction than that of 2,4-D 400 mM and 2 g/l AC. Embryogenesis occured in 27 out of 250 clumps of primary callus was occurred after 2-3 times subcultures. Somatic embryo development occurred when the embryogenic callus was transferred on the same basal medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate with 1 mM BA or growth regulator free basal medium with 2 g/l activated charcoal.

Biological control of bacterial wilt pathogen (Ralstonia solanacearum) of tomato using endophytic bacteria is one of the alternative control methods to support sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted to select and characterize endophytic bacteria isolated from healthy tomato stems and to test their ability to promote plant growth and suppress bacterial wilt disease. Among 49 isolates successfully isolated, 41 were non-plant pathogenic. Green house test on six selected isolates based on ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH; IKA DAMAYANTI; SURYO WIYONO; JUANG GEMA KARTIKA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 2 (2011): June 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.2.66

Biological control of bacterial wilt pathogen (Ralstonia solanacearum) of tomato using endophytic bacteria is one of the alternative control methods to support sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted to select and characterize endophytic bacteria isolated from healthy tomato stems and to test their ability to promote plant growth and suppress bacterial wilt disease. Among 49 isolates successfully isolated, 41 were non-plant pathogenic. Green house test on six selected isolates based on antagonistic effect on R. solanacearum or ability to suppress R. solanacearum population in dual culture assays obtained BC4 and BL10 isolates as promising biocontrol agents. At six weeks after transplanting, plants treated with BC4 isolate showed significantly lower disease incidence (33%) than that of control (83%). Plants height was not significantly affected by endophytic bacterial treatments. Based on 16S rRNA sequence, BC4 isolate had 97% similarity with Staphylococcus epidermidis (accession number EU834240.1), while isolate BL10 had 98% similarity with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain JK-SD002 (accession number AB547229.1).

Phalaenopsis is one of the most interesting genera of orchids due to the members are often used as parents to produce hybrids. The establishment and development of highly reliable and discriminatory methods for identifying species and cultivars has become increasingly more important to plant breeders and members of the nursery industry. The aim of this research was to develop sequence-based microsatellite (eSSR) markers for the Phalaenopsis orchid designed from the sequence of GenBank NCBI. Seve . FATIMAH; DEWI SUKMA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 2 (2011): June 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.2.71

Phalaenopsis is one of the most interesting genera of orchids due to the members are often used as parents to produce hybrids. The establishment and development of highly reliable and discriminatory methods for identifying species and cultivars has become increasingly more important to plant breeders and members of the nursery industry. The aim of this research was to develop sequence-based microsatellite (eSSR) markers for the Phalaenopsis orchid designed from the sequence of GenBank NCBI. Seventeen primers were designed and thirteen primers pairs could amplify the DNA giving the expected PCR product with polymorphism. A total of 51 alleles, with an average of 3 alleles per locus and polymorphism information content (PIC) values at 0.674, were detected at the 16 SSR loci. Therefore, these markers could be used for identification of the Phalaenopsis orchid used in this study. Genetic similarity and principle coordinate analysis identified five major groups of Phalaenopsis sp. the first group consisted of P. amabilis, P. fuscata, P. javanica, and P. zebrine. The second group consisted of P. amabilis, P. amboinensis, P. bellina, P. floresens, and P. mannii. The third group consisted of P. bellina, P. cornucervi, P. cornucervi, P. violaceae sumatra, P. modesta. The forth group consisted of P. cornucervi and P. lueddemanniana, and the fifth group was P. amboinensis.

The H5N1 influenza virus in Indonesia has caused more than 100 people died due to the virus infections. Cases in humans were mostly due to the virus spread from the infected birds. This study characterized molecularly the H5N1 virus from birds around the H5N1 infection cases in humans in Indonesia. Result from this study revealed that in several cases, waterfowl species could become the source of H5N1 infections in human. We found that the one of six viruses used in this study probably was a fi NI LUH PUTU INDI DHARMAYANTI; FERA IBRAHIM; . DARMINTO; AMIN SOEBANDRIO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 2 (2011): June 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.2.82

The H5N1 influenza virus in Indonesia has caused more than 100 people died due to the virus infections. Cases in humans were mostly due to the virus spread from the infected birds. This study characterized molecularly the H5N1 virus from birds around the H5N1 infection cases in humans in Indonesia. Result from this study revealed that in several cases, waterfowl species could become the source of H5N1 infections in human. We found that the one of six viruses used in this study probably was a first antigenic shift virus in Indonesia. This study shows that the AI viruses isolated from birds around humans infected by H5N1 virus has specific characteristics namely the presence of several amino acid substitutions especially on the M1 and M2 proteins. The substitutions are similar in most of H5N1 human cases in Indonesia.

Harvesting process is a critical time to identify the quality of raw material for traditional medicine. The time and harvesting techniques, drying process after harvesting, and processing to make the simplicia, are the crucial role to make the good quality of the natural product. On the other hand, there is a lack of general understanding and appreciation about the processes involved in governing shoot and tree growth and development, i.e. red guava. The research objective was to evaluate the i SANDRA ARIFIN AZIZ; MUNIF GHULAMAHDI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 18 No. 2 (2011): June 2011
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.2.97

Harvesting process is a critical time to identify the quality of raw material for traditional medicine. The time and harvesting techniques, drying process after harvesting, and processing to make the simplicia, are the crucial role to make the good quality of the natural product. On the other hand, there is a lack of general understanding and appreciation about the processes involved in governing shoot and tree growth and development, i.e. red guava. The research objective was to evaluate the influence of leaf harvesting and growth phases on red guava for flavonoid production as antioxidant. Randomized factorial block design in time were laid out with two factors and followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The treatments were the amount of leaf harvested on tertiary branches (0, 25, 50, and 100%) and growth phases of the plant (vegetative and generative). Leaf harvesting 25% on tertiary branches significantly increased the leaf number (766.3 tree-1) and the number of new quarternary branches, decreasing leaf area index (LAI) and leaf dry weight at the end of the experiment (22 weeks of observation/WO). The highest leaf dry weight (156.94 g tree-1) and LAI (0.47) was found in harvesting 25% tertiary branches. Harvesting 100% leaf on tertiary branches in vegetative phase significantly produced the lowest flavonoid production (7.82 g tree-1). The result suggested that flavonoid production from red guava leaves should be done by harvesting 50% leaf on tertiary branches in generative phase can be used to produce the highest flavonoid (89.90 g tree-1).

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Jawa barat

INDONESIA