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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

hayati
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 1,077 Documents

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Alteration of Leaf Anatomy of Handeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) due to Gamma Irradiation Arrin Rosmala; Nurul Khumaida; Dewi Sukma
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 3 (2016): July 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The leaves of the plant handeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) have long been used for traditional medicine in several regions in Indonesia. This study was aimed to determine the effect of gamma irradiation rate on the anatomy and phytochemical content of the leaf. The rates of gamma rays used were 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 Gy. Our results showed that gamma ray irradiation rate of 30 Gy produced leaves that contain anthocyanins and carotenoids, with the highest number of stomata and stomatal density compared with control plants. Stomatal index was found highest in the leaves with 45 Gy of gamma irradiation. High-rate gamma ray irradiation produced rigid, thick, and frangible leaves. A high rate of gamma irradiation, i.e. 75, 90, and 105 Gy, produces bigger palisade, sponges, and upper epidermis than the control plants, respectively. Our results showed an association between increasing rate of irradiation with alterations in the structure of leaf anatomy and phytochemical content of handeuleum.

Gene Cloning and Protein Expression of Koi Herpesvirus ORF25 . Murwantoko; Cahya Kurnia Fusiyanto; . Triyanto
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 3 (2016): July 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Koi herpesvirus (KHV) caused significant morbidity and mortality in koi and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Glycoprotein has been used for vaccine development as sub unit vaccine against many viruses. KHV ORF25 is one of koi herpesvirus genes which encode a glycoprotein. The objectives of this research are to clone gene KHV ORF25and express its protein. The common carp showing necrosis and white patches of gill which was collected from Magelang was used in this research. Primers were designed to amplify partial ORF25 based on KHV J strain. KHV ORF25 was successfully amplified and cloned in pET32a. Sequence analysis showed that this KHV ORF25 has 99% homology with the sequences of KHV genotype KHV-J, KHV-I, and KHV-U. This ORF was predicted has 3, 23, and 8 B-cell epitopes based on Emini scale, Karplus and Schulz scale, and ElliPro respectively. The KHV ORF25 recombinant protein has been successfully produced in Escherichia coli as an insoluble protein with approximately 45 kDa in size. The high protein production was achieved when the protein induction was done at bacterial density at OD600 as 1.0 with 1-mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and incubated at 37°C for 18 hours. The protein predicted has immunogenicity and the potency as a vaccine is needed to be evaluated.

Growth, Survival, and Body Composition of Transgenic Common Carp Cyprinus carpio 3rd Generation Expressing Tilapia Growth Hormone cDNA . Kurdianto; . Alimuddin; Nurly Faridah; Goro Yoshizaki; Sri Nuryati; Mia Setiawati
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 3 (2016): July 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Transgenic has been known as one of the applicable methods to improve growth performance of cultured fish. This study was performed to evaluate the growth performance, survival, and body composition of the 3rd generation of growth hormone (GH) transgenic common carp (TG). Juveniles (BW: 1.53 ± 0.03 g) were reared for 60 days in 250-L glass aquarium with stocking density of 25 fishes/aquarium. Fishes were fed with commercial feed (protein content 36%), three times a day to satiation. Growth and survival were measured every 20 days. Our results showed that TG fish has 1.49 times higher in average weight growth (p < 0.05) compared with the non-transgenic common carp (NT). Higher total feed consumption, survival, body protein content, protein and lipid retention, hepatosomatic index, and lower feed conversion ratio were also shown on TG fish compared with NT fish (p < 0.05). However, body lipid content and blood glucose level of TG fish were lower (p < 0.05) compared with the NT fish. Total ammonium nitrogen level in rearing media of TG fish was 51.78% lower (p < 0.05) than that of the NT fish. In conclusion, culturing of GH-TG common carp showed potential to achieve high productivity, efficient, and environmental-friendly aquaculture.

Next-Generation Sequencing and Influenza Virus: A Short Review of the Published Implementation Attempts Rasha Ali; Ruth Marion Blackburn; Zisis Kozlakidis
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 4 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Influenza virus represents a major public health concern worldwide after recent pandemics. To aid the understanding and characterization of the virus in ever-increasing sample numbers, new research techniques have been used, such as next-generation sequencing(NGS). The current article review used Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed databases to conduct keyword searches and investigate the extent to which published NGS high-throughput approaches have been implemented to influenza virus research in the last 5 years, during which the increase in research funding for influenza studies has been coincidental with a significant per-base cost reduction of sequencing. Through the current literature review, it is evident that over the last 5 years, NGS techniques have been indeed applied to biological and clinical samples at increasing rates following a wide variety of approaches. The rate of adoption is slower than anticipated by most published studies, with three obstacles identified consistently by authors. These are the lack of suitable downstream analytical capacity, the absence of established quality control comparators, and the higher cost to comparable existing techniques.

The Meq Gene Molecular Profile of Marek’s Disease Virus Serotype 1 From Kampung and Arabic Chicken Farms in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia Risza Hartawan; Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 4 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

There is an increasing trend to use molecular approaches to the study of Marek’s disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1), the causative agent for the neoplastic syndrome of chickens known as Marek’s disease. The meq gene is of particular interest as it is the principal oncogene of the virus. This study aimed to characterize the meq gene of field strains of MDV-1 circulating in Kampung and Arabic chicken farms in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia during 2014. This study detected circulating MDV-1 strains in Kampung chickens in extracts from feather, blood and dust samples. In comparison only the MDV-1 vaccine strain CVI988/Rispens was identified in Arabic chickens in feather samples. Although the MDV-1 field strain, SMI14-KampungCk was detected in healthy Kampung chicken. Its meq gene is identical with Marek’s disease virus causing outbreak in layer farms in North Sumatera in 2013. Our result shows that the meq gene of Marek’s virus field strain from Sukabumi has the closest proximity with G2, a very virulent Marek’s disease virus from China. The molecular analyses of the meq gene indicated that SMI14-KampungCk has pathotype trait of virulent or very virulent.

Effect of Probiotic Bacillus megaterium PTB 1.4 on the Population of Intestinal Microflora, Digestive Enzyme Activity and the Growth of Catfish (Clarias sp.) Wahyu Afrilasari; . Widanarni; Anja Meryandini
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 4 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

This study aimed to analyze the effect of Bacillus megaterium PTB 1.4 on the population of intestinal microflora, digestive enzyme activity, and the growth of catfish. Gnotobiotic and normal fish were used. Treatment using gnotobiotic was divided into gnoto (with feed and 100 μg/mL rifampicin) and gnotoplus (with feed, 100 μg/mL rifampicin, and 1% probiotic); whereas treatment using normal fish was divided into normalplus (with feed and 1% probiotic) and normal (only feed). The amount of bacteria on gastrointestinal tract was measured 30 days after treatments using the total plate count method. The results indicated no significant difference in bacterial growth between gnotobiotic and normal fish. The total amount of probiotic bacteria with normalplus treatment was significantly different with gnotoplus. The activity of protease and amylase enzymes, and specific growth rate in normalplus treatment were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than other treatments. Bacillus megaterium PTB 1.4 increased the activity of digestive enzymes and the growth of catfish.

Plant Growth-Promoting Endophyte Serratia marcescens AL2-16 Enhances the Growth of Achyranthes aspera L., a Medicinal Plant Khaidem Aruna Devi; Piyush Pandey; Gauri Dutt Sharma
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 4 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

An endophytic bacterium, AL2-16, was isolated from Achyranthes aspera L. It was characterized and identified as Serratia sp. AL2-16 and was experimented for the presence of plant growth-promoting properties. AL2-16 produced siderophore in iron-deficient conditions. The quantitative estimation of siderophore production unit of AL2-16 was maximum after 48 hours of incubation (83.488%) in the presence of 1 μM of ferric chloride. The fructose followed by glucose and sucrose were proved to be the best carbon sources resulting in appreciable amount of siderophore production, i.e. 77.223%, 73.584%, and 65.363% respectively. AL2-16 also has the ability to produce indole acetic acid in medium supplemented with l-tryptophan. The highest amount of indole acetic acid, in the presence of 1.0% l-tryptophan, was 123.2 μg/mL after 144 hours. This isolate solubilized inorganic phosphate and also gave positive result for ammonia production. Colonization and pot trial experiments were conducted on A. aspera L. plant. The population of AL2-16 increased from 16.2 × 106 to 11.2 × 108 colony forming unit/g between 3rd and 5th days after inoculation. It significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased shoot length by 95.52%, fresh shoot weight by 602.38%, fresh root weight by 438%, and area of leaves by 127.2% when inoculated with AL2-16, as compared with uninoculated control.

Application of Bioameliorant and Biofertilizers to Increase the Soil Health and Rice Productivity Tualar Simarmata; . Hersanti; Tien Turmuktini; Betty N. Fitriatin; Mieke R. Setiawati; . Purwanto
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 4 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The major rice intensity of diseases in Indonesia was increased significantly and has caused a yield loss of up to 20–30%. The experiments had been conducted to investigate the effect of bioameliorant or composted straw (CS) combined with consortia of biofertilizers (CB) and biocontrol agent to restore the soil health and promote the induced systemic resistance (ISR) for increasing the rice productivity. The experiment arranged as randomized block design consisted of 12 treatments (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 ton of CS per ha combined with 400 g of CB and 200 g inoculant of CB + 200 g inoculant of Trichoderma sp and was provided with three replications. The experimental results revealed that application of 2.5–7.5 ton per ha of bioameliorant combined with 400 g per ha of CB and 400 g Trichoderma sp has increased the ISR and enhanced the rice productivity significantly. The brown spot, sheath rice blightand bacterial leaf blight diseases were reduced from 16.7% to 3.3–8.0%, 20% to 4–10%, 24% to 2.7–4.7% and 20.7% to 8–14.0%, respectively at 7 weeks after transplanting. In addition, the rice grain yield was increased from about 7.1 ton ha−1 to 7.9–10.1 ton per ha.

Identification and Behavioral Evaluation of Sex Pheromone in Xanthopimpla pedator (Fabricius)—A Serious Pupal Parasitoid of Tropical Tasar Silkworm Anthereae mylitta Drury Lakshmi Marepally; Gaddam Benarjee
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 4 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Xanthopimpla is a major parasitoid of silk worm cocoons. The female Xanthopimpla pedator(Fabricius) lays the eggs in male cocoons. Control of this infestation with pesticides is not recommended because of its concealed behavior. Various control methods were found to be inefficient. Ecofriendly management is the best strategy that can be applied. We have studied the sex communication in Xanthopimpla pedator (Fabricius), which helps to develop management strategy. Bioassays were done in the laboratory by using olfactometer and pheromone extraction chambers. It was found that female Xanthopimpla produces sex pheromones. The results show a strong attraction of male by female Xanthopimpla. Present results with male and female volatiles also show that female volatiles attract male Xanthopimpla. Fractionation of female volatiles by column chromatography has proven that 20% fraction has highest attraction of males by females.

Production of Fruiting Body and Antioxidant Activity of Wild Pleurotus Henny Sulistiany; Lisdar Idwan Sudirman; Okky Setyawati Dharmaputra
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 4 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The HS isolate of wild Pleurotus is a wood-rotting fungus found in Bogor, Indonesia. This study was conducted to determine the growth and fruiting body production of HS isolate on three types of substrates, antioxidant activities, and total phenolic contents (TPCs). HS isolate was grown on Paraserianthes falcataria sawdust (PFS substrates), oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) substrates, and mixture of PFS and EFB substrates (M substrates) with proportion 1:1, respectively. Analysis of antioxidant activity of mycelial and fruiting body extracts was conducted using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, whereas TPCs were conducted using Folin–Ciocalteu method. The results showed that HS isolate could grow and produce fruiting bodies on all substrates, but based on all observation parameters, M substrates were the best ones for the growth and fruiting body production of HS isolate with biological efficiency of 88.86%. Fruiting body extract of HS isolate had a better ability to reduce DPPH free radical (IC50, 0.45 ± 0.04 mg/mL) with total phenolic compound of fruiting body extract being higher (4.62 ± 0.08 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) than those of mycelia extract. Based on this study, HS isolate is potential as a source of natural antioxidants.

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