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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

hayati
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 1,077 Documents

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Growth Pattern of Body Size in Baduy People Eneng Nunuz Rohmatullayaly; Alex Hartana; Yuzuru Hamada; Bambang Suryobroto
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 2 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Understanding body size growth pattern is one of the best ways to find out biological variation in phenotypic plasticity, health and nutritional statuses, and quality of life. Optimum environment and better nutrition are associated with rapid growth, tall stature, and early puberty. However, poor living condition impacts every stage of development, which results in variation in growth rates, growth periods, and body sizes across populations. Baduy is one of traditional populations who inhabit mountainous area in Kanekes Village, Lebak Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia. The traditional obligatory duties and taboos resulted in genetic, geographic, and cultural isolations. This leads to question whether the biocultural condition affects the growth pattern of their body size. We measured the body height, weight, and mass index of 340 girls and 239 boys aged 4–30 years sampled from 39 of 61 hamlets using cross-sectional method. We found that Baduy people had prolonged growth resulting in small body size because of slow rate and low spurt. This might be a selection to save body maintenance costs in biocultural condition with poor nutrition and high physical activity.

Optimization of Chromium Biosorption by Fungal Adsorbent, Trichoderma sp. BSCR02 and its Desorption Studies John Rose Mercy Benila Smily; Pasumalai Arasu Sumithra
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 2 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Heavy metal pollution in water because of the discharge of industrial effluent imposes serious environmental concern. Chromium is one of such pollutants which is considered as toxic, non-biodegradable and persistent in nature. In the present study, the fungal strains isolated from the water samples of Manjakkudi lake were screened for their resistance towards the heavy metal, chromium. The Trichoderma sp. BSCR02 showing resistance towards increased chromium concentration (4 mg/mL) was selected for the biosorption studies. The chromium biosorption ability of the untreated and alkali-treated mycelium of Trichoderma sp. BSCR02 was compared and found the alkali treatment as better biosorbent. The process parameters governing chromium biosorption by the dead biomass of Trichoderma sp. were optimized and maximum chromium removal was observed at pH 5 with 200 mg/L initial metal concentration at 35°C when supplemented 1.6 mg/mL of biosorbent for the contact time of 120 min. The biosorbent was found to be active for five cycles of biosorption. The results revealed the applicability of the Trichoderma sp. BSCR2 for the effective removal of chromium from the contaminated water bodies.

Response of Bird Community to Various Plantation Forests in Gunung Walat, West Java, Indonesia Aronika Kaban; Ani Mardiastuti; Yeni Aryati Mulyani
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 2 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Different plantation forests possibly harbor different bird communities. This study was aimed to reveal responses of bird community to the different plantation (Schima wallichii, Agathis loranthifolia, Pinus merkusii, and mixed plantation), identify species shared in all plantation, and species confined to a particular plantation. The study site was plantation forests, using the point count method for 64 effective hours. There were 40 bird species (maximum prediction 52) in all forest plantations and each type had 26–31 species. Number of individuals, species density, and diversity index in Schima plantation were higher, followed by Agathis, Pinus, and mixed plantations. Mixed plantation could have harbored more species based on the prediction by Chao. Although there were some differences in tree species, tree sizes, and tree heights, the response of bird composition in all plantations was not differed (93–81% similarity) probably because of the short distances among the forests, the abundance of food insects, and the same late-successional stages. There were 15 (37.5%) widely distributed species in all forest types. Eight species were confined only to a specific forest type. Four species were considered true confined species, namely Javan sunbird (Schima forest), Grey-cheeked bulbul (in Pinus), Crescent-chested babbler (Agathis), and Mountain white-eye (Agathis).

Micronuclei Formation and 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine Enzyme Detection in Ovarian Tissues After Radiofrequency Exposure at 1800 MHz in Adult Sprague–Dawley Rats Ali Saeed Hammoodi Alchalabi; Hasliza Rahim; Mohamed Fareq AbdulMalek; Erkihun Aklilu; Abd Rahman Aziz; Suzanna Harun Ronald; Mohd Azam Khan
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 2 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Human fertility and its correlation to ovarian function and cytological changes are linked to ever-increasing use of mobile phones. Wireless communications have become a critical topic of concern because of an increasing number of studies in this field with controversial outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic effect of GSM frequency at 1800 MHz on ovarian function. Sixty female Sprague–Dawley rats were distributed over six groups (control group and the exposure groups with whole-body exposure for 2 h/day, 7 days/week for 15, 30 and 60 continuous days). The study investigated the oxidative stress, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine enzyme, micronuclei formation and histopathological changes in ovarian tissue. The results showed an induced oxidative stress via an increase in lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. There was also an elevation in the 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine enzyme and an increased rate of micronuclei formation in ovarian tissues of exposed animals with 60-day exposure compared with control animals. Cytological changes were recorded such as micronuclei formation, vacuolation, degeneration and impaired folliculogenesis. The study suggests that GSM frequency at 1800 MHz was negatively impacted on female reproductive performances mediated by oxidative stress induction and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine formation leading to overall impaired ovarian function.

Antibacterial and Synergistic Activity Against b-Lactamase-Producing Nosocomial Bacteria by Bacteriocin of LAB Isolated From Lesser Known Traditionally Fermented Products of India Biswas, Koel; Upadhayay, Supriya; Rapsang, George Freddyleen; Joshi, Santa Ram
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 2 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

There is an ever-growing need to control antibiotic-resistance owing to alarming resistance to commonly available antimicrobial agents for which contemporary and alternative approaches are being explored. The present study assessed the antibacterial activity of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from lesser known traditionally fermented products of India for their synergistic potential with common antibiotics against clinical β-lactamases producing pathogens. A total of 84 isolates of LAB were screened for their antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus as well as against clinical pathogens harbouring β-lactamase genes such as blaCTX-M, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaSHV and blaNDM. Synergistic activity of bacteriocins were determined in combination with antibiotics namely, cefotaxime, polymyxin B, imipenem and tigecycline. Purified bacteriocins from Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Enterococcus inhibited the growth of β-lactamase harbouring clinical pathogens which significantly higher inhibitions when compared with antibiotics alone. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts ranged from 6.66 to 26.66 mg/ml and 10 to 33.33 mg/ml for Pediococcus pentosaceus LU11 and Lactobacillus plantarum LS6. The bacteriocinogenic activity of LAB opens scope for bioprospection of antibacterial components in the current struggle against increasing pandrug resistance and slowing down the expansion of multi-drug resistance.

Overexpression of B11 Gene in Transgenic Rice Increased Tolerance to Aluminum Stress Devi Media Siska; . Hamim; . Miftahudin
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 2 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Rice cultivation on acid soils is mainly constrained by aluminum (Al) toxicity. However, rice has tolerance mechanism to Al stress, which is controlled by many genes. B11 gene is one of the Al- tolerance gene candidate isolated from rice var. Hawara Bunar. It has not been known whether overexpression of the gene in Al-sensitive rice is able to increase Al tolerance. The research objective was to analyze root morphological and physiological responses of transgenic rice overexpressing B11 gene to Al stress. The experiment was carried out using five rice genotypes including two varieties (Hawara Bunar and IR64) and three T4 generation of transgenic lines, that are T8-2-4, T8-12-5, and T8-15-41. All rice genotypes were grown in nutrient solution for 24 h (adaptation period), and then were exposed to 15 ppm Al for 72 h (treatment period) and recovered in normal nutrient solution for 48 h (recovery period). The result showed that the overexpression of the B11 gene in T8-2-4, T8-12-5, and T8-15-41 transgenic lines improved tolerance to Al stress based on root growth characters, accumulation of Al, root cell membrane lipid peroxidation, and root tip cell structure.

Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) With Thidiazuron and Light Treatments Ari Sunandar; . Dorly; Ence Darmo Jaya Supena
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 2 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Falcataria moluccana is important for reforestation and afforestation in Indonesia. However, epidemic of gall rust disease in F. moluccana plantations decreases its productivity. Genetic engineering is an alternative solution to against gall rust disease. Somatic embryogenesis is an efficient in vitro plant regeneration for successful plant improvement through genetic engineering. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of thidiazuron and light treatments on the induction of somatic embryogenesis of F. moluccana. The effects of thidiazuron concentration (5, 10 or 15 μM) and light (continuous light, 7 days of dark followed by light, or continuous dark) on the induction of somatic embryogenesis in leaf explants were assessed. The highest production of somatic embryos was obtained in 5 μM thidiazuron and dark treatments for 7 days followed by light in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1.2 g/L proline. Histological analysis in globular and cotyledon stages confirmed that cells had progressed to secondary somatic embryogenesis. This research needs more improvements to become a successful and efficient somatic embryogenesis method and as a potential method for successful plant improvement through genetic engineering in F. moluccana.

Recent Studies Toward the Development of Practical Diets for Shrimp and Their Nutritional Requirements Christian Larbi Ayisi; Xueming Hua; Andrews Apraku; Gyamfua Afriyie; Beatrice Amankwah Kyei
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 3 (2017): July 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Shrimp is a very important source of protein which is patronized by almost half of the world's population, and hence a very important specie in aquaculture. There is the need for increase in shrimp production worldwide to meet consumer demands. However, shrimp production is hampered by high cost of commercial feeds. Increase in prices of fish oil and fish meal has led to calls for their substitute. This calls for substitute has resulted in researchers studying the nutritional requirement of shrimp. The rationale for this article is to review the literature available on recent studies toward the development of practical diets for shrimps focusing on the nutrients required by different species qualitatively as well as quantitatively. This review highlights on nutrient requirements with respect to growth and feed utilization. Digestibility of nutrients used in shrimp diets is also accounted for in this article.

Generation of Oxygen Free Radicals by Proflavine: Implication in Protein Degradation Mansour K.M. Gatasheh; Kannan Subbaram; Hemalatha Kannan; Imrana Naseem
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 3 (2017): July 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Proflavine, an acridine dye, is a known DNA intercalating agent. In the present study, we show that proflavine alone on photoillumination can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). These proflavine-derived ROS cause damage to proteins, and this effect is enhanced when the divalent metal ion Cu (II) is included in the reaction. Bathocuproine, a specific Cu (I) sequestering agent, when present in the reaction mixture containing Cu (II), was found to inhibit the protein degradation, showing that Cu (I) is an essential intermediate in the reaction. The effect of several scavengers of ROS such as superoxide dismutase, sodium azide, potassium iodide, and thiourea were examined on the protein damaging reaction. Potassium iodide was found to be the most effective in inhibiting protein damage followed by sodium azide and thiourea. Our results indicate the involvement of superoxide, singlet oxygen, triplet oxygen, and hydroxyl radicals in proflavine-induced damage to proteins.

Food Origin Fibrinolytic Enzyme With Multiple Actions Laurentia Stephani; Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata; Diana Nur Afifah; Yanti Lim; Wangsa Tirta Ismaya; Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 3 (2017): July 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Many health related problems such as cardiovascular diseases are associated with the formation of excessive clot in the blood (thrombus). Approaches in cardiovascular disease treatment are preventing the formation or removing the thrombus. The present thrombolytic agents can be classified as plasminogen activators, fibrinolytic enzyme which directly degrades fibrinogen or fibrin and heparin type which act as thrombin inhibitor. Recently, microbial fibrinolytic enzymes of food origin receive more attention that leads to escalating efforts to explore traditional fermented foods as the natural sources. We have successfully isolated microorganism from Indonesian fermented soybean tofu dregs “Oncom” that secretes fibrinolytic enzyme. The microorganism identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. is unique because most of the reported fibrinolytic microorganism belongs to Bacillus sp. This isolate was found to produce extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme which could degrade fibrinogen and fibrin directly as determined by fibrinogen zymography and fibrin plate methods. More importantly, the 30-kD purified enzymes was found to demonstrate not only fibrin and fibrinogen degradation capabilities, but also acted as thrombin inhibitor as determined using specific substrates for thrombin. This is the first report of a fibrinolytic enzyme that demonstrates additional synergistic activities. This finding accentuates the importance of further development of the enzyme into a powerful agent to treat the thrombus-related disease effectively.

Page 40 of 108 | Total Record : 1077

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