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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

hayati
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 1,091 Documents

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Molt in Birds Inhabiting a Human-Dominated Habitat Yeni Aryati Mulyani; Fransisca Noni Tirtaningtyas; Nanang Khairul Hadi; Lina Kristina Dewi; Aronika Kaban
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Molt is one of the biological processes in the life of birds that requires high energy. Therefore, it usually occurs when food is abundant. However, molt and breeding overlap have been recorded in the tropics. There are very few studies on bird molting patterns in Indonesia. This study aimed at describing molt in birds that inhabit a human-dominated habitat in Bogor Agricultural University Campus in Bogor, West Java. Molt of primary feathers of adult birds were checked during bird monitoring using mist nets from August 2010 to December 2013. Occurrence of brood patch as indicator of breeding stage was also recorded. Molt data were obtained from 230 adult birds from 29 species. Molts occurred from February to December, with most birds having active molts in July and October. Breeding occurred in March, April, July, and October, with the peak of breeding occurring in March. Molt and breeding overlap were identified only in three species, i.e. Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), Horsfield's Babbler (Malacocincla sepiarium), and Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker (Dicaeum trochileum). This study suggests that resources in the study site are available for conservation of bird community in human-dominated habitat. However, further research is needed to assess food availability and bird breeding success.

The Influence of Thidiazuron on Direct Somatic Embryo Formation from Various Types of Explant in Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume Orchid Windi Mose; Ari Indrianto; Aziz Purwantoro; Endang Semiarti
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Phalaenopsis amabilis is an important national flower of Indonesia as a parent for orchidbreeding, so that needs a good strategy to produce high number of plants. The objective of this research is to analyze the use of thidiazuron (TDZ) for producing high number of plantlets, through directly induction of somatic embryos (SEs) from various explants. The method was used 20 each of protocorms, leaves, stems and roots as explants. The explants were dissected transversely, then put on various culture media: New Phalaenopsis (NP) and NP + (1, 2, 3) mgL−1 TDZ. Cultures were maintained at 25°C with continous white light. The formation of SEs was observed every week for 8 weeks. The results showed that SEs formation increased inline with the addition of TDZ concentration to the NP medium, for both velocity and amount of SEs formation. In NP0, SEs were formed at (26.07 ± 0.73) days after inoculation of protocorm, whereas on NP + (1, 2, and 3 mgL−1) TDZ, SEs were formed at (17.85 ± 0.67) days, (15 ± 0.64) days, and (11 ± 0.64) days, respectively. All types of explants formed SEs on NP + TDZ (1–3 mgL−1), whereas only 14 of 20 protocorms produced SEs (70%), and 8 of 20 stems formed SEs (40%) in NP0. In roots, SEs was formed on NP + 2 mgL−1 TDZ and NP + 3 mgL−1 TDZ. For stems, the highest amount of SEs (28.25 ± 1.07) was reached on NP + 3 mgL−1 TDZ, followed by protocorm (23.30 ± 1.13) SEs and roots (8.25 ± 0.68) SEs. In contrast, in NP0, the amount of SEs was very low (1.25 ± 0.46) from stem and (1.50 ± 0.65) from protocorms, there was no evidence of SEs formation in the leaves and roots.

Salinity Alters the Polyisoprenoid Alcohol Content and Composition of Both Salt-Secreting and Non–Salt-Secreting Mangrove Seedlings Mohammad Basyuni; Hiroshi Sagami; Shigeyuki Baba; Lollie AP. Putri; Ridha Wati; Hirosuke Oku
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The effects of salinity on the polyisoprenoid alcohol content and composition of the salt-secreting mangrove species Avicennia marina and Sonneratia alba and the non–salt-secreting species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia obovata were studied. The seedlings of mangroves were grown for 5 months under 0% and 3% salt concentrations. The occurrence, content, and distribution of four mangrove seedlings were analyzed by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. The structural groups of the polyprenols and dolichols in the leaves and roots were classified into two types (I and II). In type I, dolichols predominated over polyprenols (more than 90%), whereas in type II, the occurrence of both polyprenols and dolichols was observed. Polyprenols were not detected in the leaves of A. marina and B. gymnorrhiza under 0% salt (control), but were detected in small amounts in K. obovata leaves; however, significant amounts were found in the 3% salinity group. This finding in A. marina, B. gymnorrhiza, and K. obovata leaves implies a change to the structural group: under 0% salt concentrations, the groups are classified as type I, but become type II under 3% salt concentrations. The occurrence of ficaprenol (C50–55) was found only in the leaves of the non–salt-secreting species B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovataunder 3% salinity and not in the salt-secreting species A. marina or S. alba. It is noteworthy that the polyisoprenoid type in the roots of the four species showed no change under salinity; the two salt-secreting species A. marina and S. alba contained type I under 0% and 3% salt concentrations. On the other hand, type II polyisoprenoids were identified in the non–salt-secreting species B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata under 0% and 3% salinity conditions. This finding suggested that polyisoprenoids play a protective role against salinity in the mangrove leaves of both salt-secreting and non–salt-secreting species.

Diversity and Abundance of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea in a Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System Cherita Devi Khangembam; Jai Gopal Sharma; Rina Chakrabarti
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The role of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea was evaluated using amoA gene in a freshwater recirculating system. Broken earthen pot pieces (BEP) were used as filter bed material. Five archaeal and four bacterial operational taxonomic units were retrieved from amoA genes. Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indices were higher in archaeal amoAsequence compared with the bacteria. Subtype diversity ratio and subtype diversity variance were 0.522 and 0.008, respectively, for archaea and 0.403 and 0.015, respectively, for bacteria. In archaea, 50% amoA sequences showed 99%–100% similarity with the known sequences of ammonia monooxygenase subunit A of uncultured archaeon clones and thaumarchaeote. In bacteria, 84% sequences showed 99% similarity with amoAsequences of different uncultured bacterial clone and Nitrosomonadaceae. Absolute quantification showed that the abundance of archaea was 12-fold higher compared with bacteria. In this recirculating system, ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria played a major role; BEP supported the growth of these ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms.

Lipase Activity of Endophytic Actinobacteria from Medicinal Plants Yulin Lestari; Budi Wirawan; Sri Budiarti; Min Rahminiwati
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018): January 2018
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Endophytic bacteria are known to reside within host plant tissue without giving a harmfull effect. The endophytes may play an important role, as they may produce similar bioactive compounds as produced by the host plant. Various medicinal plants have long been used to cure diseases. Traditionally, leaves extract of Guazuma ulmifolia, Psidium guajava, or the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza can be used to treat disease, e.g. hyperlipidemic. The mechanism can be through lipase activity, where the lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol to fatty acids and acylglycerol. The objective of this research was to assess potency of endophytic bacteria as anti-hyperlipidemic compounds producer through their lipase activity. Sixty nine endophytic bacteria which comprised of 22, 27 and 20 isolates were isolated from the leaves of G. ulmifolia, P. guajava, and the rhizome of C. xanthorrhiza, respectively. Eight out of the 69 isolates showed lipase activity, and the two selected isolates, i.e. DPG 3(2) and AJB 4(4) were considered as good lipase producers. The highest specific lipase activity of DPG 3(2) isolate was observed for 0.874 units per mg at 38 h, whereas AJB 4(4) isolates had the specific lipase activity at 1.139 units per mg after 72 h observation. These data indicate that the two selected isolates have the potency as antihyperlipidemic compounds producer through their lipase activity.

Morphology Variation of Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1798) occuring in Rivers of Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia Ahmad Fadli; Robi Binur; Elda Irma Jeanne Joice Kawulur
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018): January 2018
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Morphology character is the result of interaction between genetic and environmental factor, and the last factor is the dominant factor of variation. Morphometric character of shrimp is required to determine the value of portion of body part that can be consumed, so that it can be used as baseline in designing breeding program. This research aimed to study the variation of morphometric and meristic of Macrobrachium lar population from several rivers i.e. Andai, Wariori, Muara Prafi and Pami, in Manokwari West Papua Province. We found eight morphometric characters which were significanly different (p<0.01) among lar shrimp populations. Among the eight characters, there were three best morphometric characters, body weight (BT), total length (PT), and rostrum length (PR) that could be used for determining the differences between populations. Total number of upper teeth rostrum ranged between 7-9, while lower teeth ranged between 0-5. The meristic characters between populations were not significanlly different (p>0.05). Morphometric characters of Andai and Pami population tended to similar each other as well as those of Wariori and Muara Prafi population. It showed that the similarity of the characters might related to close distance of the rivers. Although the four those rivers came from different upstream source, the closer distance of the M. lar population, the closer genetic relationship of M. lar population.

GIS Based Analysis of Agroclimate Land Suitability for Banana Plants in Bali Province, Indonesia I Wayan Nuarsa; I Nyoman Dibia; Ketut Wikantika; Deni Suwardhi; I Nyoman Rai
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018): January 2018
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The need for bananas in Bali far exceeds the production. To obtain optimal production according to their genetic potential, the development of banana cultivation should be preceded by a land suitability evaluation study. This study aims to evaluate the land suitability based on agroecological parameters such as rainfall, altitude, dry month, slope, and considering current land use. The results showed that 257.467 ha or 46.16% of the area of Bali Province has the potential to be planted with bananas. Buleleng Regency has the widest area for the development of banana plants, followed by Karangasem, Tabanan, Jembrana and Bangli. Denpasar town has the smallest suitable area. Based on the observed agroclimate parameters, slope is the most severe limiting factor in banana cultivation, while rainfall, altitude, and dry months are not significant limiting factors. Recommended land use for the development of banana plants is garden, grass, rain-fed rice field, scrub, bare land, and moor.

Expression Analysis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Oxidase Genes in Chitosan-Coated Banana Kana Yamamoto; Annisa Amalia; Sastia P. Putri; Eiichiro Fukusaki; Fenny M. Dwivany
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018): January 2018
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Banana is a climacteric fruit in which ethylene plays an important role in the regulation of the ripening process. Though it is the most produced fruit in Indonesia, the current post-harvest technologies for exporting this fruit are not economically friendly. Chitosan is one of economical biopolymer for edible coating which can extend fruit shelf-life. However, little study focused on the effect of chitosan coating has been done on gene expression level. In this study, the expression levels of several 1-aminocyclopropan-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) genes, which is an enzyme to convert 1-aminocyclopropan-1-carboxylic acid to ethylene in banana were analyzed on day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 after ethylene treatment. As a result, one gene (ID: Ma01_t11540.1) had a similar expression pattern in both control and chitosan-coated bananas while the other genes (ID: Ma03_t02700.1, Ma05_t09360.1, Ma06_t02600.1, Ma10_t01130.1) showed different expression patterns. Among these genes, two genes (ID: Ma05_t09360.1, Ma10_t01130.1) were expressed higher than the other genes and the peak was observed on day 3. It was indicated that chitosan coating might activate the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in banana while it delayed fruit ripening.

Physiological Character of Merremia peltata (L.) Merrill from Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park Lampung Yuke Mardiati; Triadiati Triadiati; Soekisman Tjitrosoedirdjo
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018): January 2018
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Merremia peltata invaded the vegetation of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) in Lampung Province, Indonesia. In this site, the invasion has reached more than 7000 hectares. Therefore, it is necessary to asses the physiological characters of M. peltata as an invasive plant species under different shading level in BBSNP. The experiment design of this study was split block design with factorial. The first factor (main plot) was shading treatment that consisted of 0, 55, and 90% shades. The second factor (sub plot) was 3 species of plant that consisted of M. peltata, Mikania micrantha, and Ipomoea batatas. Each experimental unit was replicated 3 times. The result showed that the physiological characters such as carbon fixation rate (CFR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), photosynthetics nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) of M. peltata higher than the other two species and interconnected. Physiological characters associated with RGR can be supporting the invasiveness of M. peltata, especially in BBSNP. Supporting invasiveness with resources allocation to leaves biosynthesis and relatively efficient nitrogen were used for photosynthesis.

Survey on Ethnobotanic Value of Banana (Musa spp; Musaceae) in Bali Province, Indonesia Topik Hidayat; Himalaya Wana Kelana; Dhiyassalam Imam Anshori Ismanto; Karlia Meitha
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018): January 2018
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Bali, one of Indonesia island, is a region inhabited by a large number and varied banana (Musa spp; Musaceae). Many varieties of banana have been utilized by local peoples since long time ago as traditional medicine, edible material, used in traditional ceremony and others. However, information regarding the knowledge on ethnobotany of banana in Bali remains scattered and is not documented well. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and document the ethnobotanic values of bananas in Bali. Ethnobotanic data was collected through focus group discussion (FGD), surveys and interviews from 9 study sites (1 city and 8 regencies) with one or two villages represented each site. Ethnobotanical value of banana was determined by Local User’s Value Index (LUVI) with Pebble Distribution Method (PDM). Subsequently, data obtained was analysed using simple statistic description. Results showed that as many as 44 varieties of banana in Bali were documented. Local peoples have been utilizing banana in their daily life for ritual as indicated by higher LUVI (0.4867), followed by food (0.3), medicine (0.1533), and other (0.06). On the basis of testimony of respondents, indigenous knowledge of peoples in Bali about banana is vertically transmitted from parents to their children (98%). This study provided a valuable information of how the local peoples manage and conserve the banana and its nature.

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