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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Bioremediation of Crude Oil-Contaminated Water and Sediments from the Shatt Al-Arab River (SAR) Wisam Abdul-Ameer Farid1 , Wasen Abdul-Ameer Ali1 , Aseel Nadum Al-Salman2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12278

Abstract

In the SAR, the oil-degrading bacteria (O-DB) are widespread, forming 8 % to 14 % of heterotrophic bacteria(HB). The O-DB numbers and biodegradability of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHY) are important in summer(SU) and sediments (SE) compared to winter (WI) and water (WA). The common O-DB retrieved from theSAR are Pseudomonas sp. (PS), Pseudomonas putida (PP), Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF), Pseudomonasaeruginosa (PA), Pseudomonas cepacia (PC), Corynebactrium sp. (CO), Bacillus sp. (BA), Bacillus cereus(BC), Bacillus subtilis (BS), Flavobacterium sp. (FL), Aeromonas sp. (AE), Arthrobacter sp. (AR), Vibriosp. (VI), Nocardia sp. (NO), Acintobacter sp. (AC), Micrococcus sp. (MI), and Staphylococcus sp (ST). Themost effective O-DB utilized more than 52 % of oil in 21-days. A mixed culture made of mutant PP+ARutilized 93 % of oil during the same period. The oil biodegradation rates in the SAR have been restrictedby biotic and abiotic factors. By providing these factors to the oil-contaminated sites would improve thedegradation rates. The biodegradation of n-alkanes was much faster than polycyclic aromatic compounds(PAC).
Contamination of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons- (PNAH) in Sediments: Identification And Distribution in the River of Shatt Al-Arab-(ROSA) Wisam Abdul-Ameer Farid1 , Wasen Abdul-Ameer Ali1 , Aseel Nadum Al-Salman2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12279

Abstract

The sediments were analyzed for total organic carbon content-(TOCC), grain size-(GS), and PNAH levelsand origins. The sediments were taken from 9 stations-(ST) on ROSA. Gas chromatography-(GC) analysisshowed that the PNAH level in ROSA sediments was comparatively low to medium compared to otherworld locations. The PNAH total levels varied from 31.86 ng/g dry weight-(DW)-(ST 9) to 88.99 ng/g DW-(ST 6). The highest PNAH levels were close to oil pollution sources at ST 2, 4, 6, and 8. The TOCC rangedfrom 0.32 % to 1.64 %. The data suggested that the PNAH levels in the ROSA were linked to TOCC and GS.The PNAH compounds and ratios and analysis of principal components-(AOPC) indicated that the PNAHsources in the river were biogenic-(organisms), pyrogenic-(combustion), and petrogenic-(petroleum).Ecological risk evaluation showed that PNAH did not cause any deleterious impacts on the ROSA.
Community Awareness and Participation in Handling Covid-19 in Surabaya, Indonesia Wiwi Wikanta1 , Sukadiono2 , Abdul Aziz Alimul Hidayat3 , Sujnah4 , dan Hetty Murdiyani5
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12280

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the level of public awareness and participation in handling Covid-19 inSurabaya, Indonesia. Surabaya was one of the second cities with the largest covid-19 events in Indonesia,after Jakarta. This research used survey method. The sample was determined by the simple randomsampling method. The sample size in this study was 251 respondents. Research data were collected usinga questionnaire, and analyzed with descriptive analysis. The results showed: an average awareness valueof 3.43 (very high) and participation of 1.72 (very high), high business initiatives by 55%, a correlationvalue between awareness and participation of 0.25 included in the weak category. The results of this studycan provide significant benefits in the disciplines of education and health psychology. The mayors canuse the findings in this study to overcome the problem of Covid-19 in the community. It turns out that toreduce the spread of covid-19 is not only enough to do with health education, but increasing awareness andparticipation in the community is very important and significant in overcoming the spread of covid-19 dueto lack of awareness in the application of physical and social distancing, the use of masks, hand washing
Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance on Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Raw Milk from Dairy Farms in Surabaya Wiwiek Tyasningsih1 , Lingga Pulung Wijanarka2 , Indra Raja Syahputra2, Mustofa Helmi Effendi3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12281

Abstract

The aim of this research was to show the pattern of S. aureus bacteria isolated from raw milk from two dairyfarms in Surabaya against antibiotics oxacillin, penicillin, amphicillin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin.The study used purposive sampling method. About 72 samples isolated on Mannitol Salt Agar media (MSA)from the result which identified as Staphylococcus sp was 14 (19.44%) showed the positive samples oncoagulase test. Antibiotic disk used i.e oxacillin, penicillin, amphicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin byusing Kirby Bauer method. Inhibiton diameter zone measured at millimeter to determined a sensitivity levelof antibiotic. The result showed about 14 (100%) of samples was resistant to Antibiotic oxacillin type, 14(100%) of samples was resistant to penicillin, 9 (64,2%) samples was resistant, and 5 (35,7%) of sampleswas sensitive to amphicillin, 14 (100%) of samples was sensitive to chloramphenicol, and 14 (100%) ofsamples was sensitive to gentamicin. These results will open up our view that cooking milk is important toeliminate the danger of S. aureus isolates which present in milk and have potential hazards to public health.
Spatial Analysis of Pneumonia in Toddlers Based on Environmental, Individual, and Behavior Factors in Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province Yessi Harnani1 , Rasoel Hamidy1 , Sukendi1 , Dedi Afandi1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12282

Abstract

Pelalawan Regency is one of twelve districts in Riau Province with pneumonia cases in toddlers is quitehigh, namely in 2016 there were 155.7% of pneumonia cases in toddlers. Based on these cases, there isno clear information on how the cases were spread related to environmental risk factors. The researchaims to conduct spatial pneumonia analysis in toddlers based on environmental, individual and behavioralfactors. By knowing the pattern of disease distribution and its possible causes, it will be easier for officers toplan pneumonia prevention efforts and prevention more effectively, community-based or make it easier todesign the development of further prevention programs. This research is a survey research with quantitativeanalytic methods conducted in 12 Districts of Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province. The results showed thehighest distribution of pneumonia frequency in toddlers by region in 12 Districts of Pelalawan District wasthe highest in Districts of Pelalawan.
Forensic Medicine in Indonesia: The Application of Visum ET Repertum in Case Resolution Yogi Prasetyo1 , Ferry Irawan Febriansyah2 , Indiantoro3 , Absori4 , Chrisna Bagus Edhita Praja5
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12283

Abstract

This research aimed at explaining important comprehension concerning with Forensic medicine inIndonesia: the application of visum et repertum in case resolution. As we know that, the community stillhave not known and comprehended about how important visum et repertum in law is. Moreover, it is oftenoccurred uncompleted law well as the impact of not being supported by visum et repertum. This researchutilized normative research method, which studied about medicine forensic and visum et repertum. Mainmaterial that was used in this research was data in form of health laws and regulations and also other datawhich were contained in books, journals and various scientific works and they related to the research theme.Furthermore, visum et repertum is one of important elements that cannot be abandoned in medical forensicprocess.
A Root Cause Analysis of Prolonged Waiting Times for Compounded Prescriptiobs at an Indonesian Private Hospital Yuniar Sunarko1,2, Mulyatim Koeswo3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12284

Abstract

Background: Waiting times have been shown to contribute to patient satisfaction with hospital services.Previous studies investigated long waiting times in the hospital, one of which was the time it takes toprepare compounded prescriptions in pharmacy unit. However, few studies have explored the main causesof prolonged waiting times for compounded medications in the hospital. This study aimed to understand thecausal factors that influence prolonged waiting times for compounded prescriptions in Indonesian privatehospital. Methods: A root cause analysis was used to identify the root cause of a reoccurring issue in pharmacyunit. Data were collected from hospital documents, observations, and interviews of 15 representatives fromthe hospital directors, head of pharmacy department, purchasing staff, pharmacy storage manager, otherpharmacy staff, and service quality manager. Results and Discussions: This study identified possible causesof prolonged waiting times for compounded prescriptions which include drug shortage, human resourcesshortage, waiting times for drug preparations, and duration of health insurance coverage confirmation. Inaddition, this study determined the actual causes of the problem, such as managerial, and health insurancefactors which in turn provide suitable recommendations and solutions. Conclusion: It can be concludedthat there were four key factors to the success of hospital pharmacy services: drug and human resourcesmanagement, waiting times for drug preparations, and duration of health insurance coverage confirmation.It is recommended that hospital management could optimize drug formulary management, improvecoordination in drug distribution system to patients, and redesign waiting room in the hospital.
Rehabilitation Policy for Drugs Abuse in Indonesia Yusuf Saefudin1, Hartiwiningsih2 , Isharyanto3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12285

Abstract

Narcotics Abuse and Distribution are the main causes of the continuing number of narcotics addicts inIndonesia. Therefore, the Indonesian government has formulated a policy to deal with narcotics crimes,which will allow the handling of narcotics addicts and non-narcotics addicts. This article discusses therehabilitation policy for narcotics addicts in Indonesia. This research is a normative juridical research.Designed using the statute approach and conceptual approach. The results of the research show that: first,the issue and distribution of narcotics are narcotics crimes; Second, Indonesia makes a policy regarding thehandling of narcotics addicts and non-narcotics addicts; Third, the means to determine someone in narcoticsor not is done through an assessment that is governed by an assessment made through a Joint Regulation ofthe relevant state institution.
Effect of Acridine Orange on Pathogenicity of E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection Patients Zahraa Shakir Mahmod1 , Ansam Safaa Husen1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12286

Abstract

A total of (108) isolate from Urinary tract infection (UTI) patients, only (47) isolate gave a positive result(43.51%) after a number of morphological and biochemical characterization. Our result showed only 28isolate have the ability for protease production and haemolysin production (59.5%), and E. coli no.6 wasthe highest protease production isolate (24mm of lysis area) while the E. coli no.18 was lowest proteaseproduction (12 mm of lysis area). After incubtion on skim milk agar medium at 37°C for 18h and with(100%) haemolysin activity for all 28 isolates after growing on blood agar medium. In our study, firstattempt made on the effect of acridine orange (0.1%) as a curing agent on virulence factors of pathogenicbacteria ( both protease and haemolysin productin) by highly producer E. coli no.6 at concentrations ( 0, 10-1to 10-10) and the results showed that E. coli no.6 loss the protease and haemolysin productin at concentrationof (10-1 to 10-4) while little and normal activities were observed at concentration of (10-5 to 10-10) of acridineorange. Also, this study was investigate the agarose - gel electrophoresis of both cured and normal cells andthe results showed the presence of both chromosomal and plasmid bands in the normal cells and only thepresence of chromosomal band for the cured cells E. coli treated with acridine orange at concentrations of(10-2 to 10-4).
Evaluation of HE4 and IGFBPs as Novel Biomarkers of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Lupus Nephritis NoorAlhuda Kh. Ibrahim1 , Kadhim K. Ghudhaib2 , Ali Abdulmajid Dyab Allawi 3, Faten Abdulghani Hammo
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12287

Abstract

Background: many organs of the body such as kidneys, skin, joints, nervous system, blood cells, bloodvessels and serous membranes can be affected by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A wide range ofthis disease effects may be attributed to its behavior as an autoimmune disease; this means, numerouscomplications of SLE with many organs can be results. In this study, levels of serum human epdidymissecretory protein4 (HE4) and insulin like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) for Iraqi patients inSLE with and without lupus nephritis (LN) were investigated to knowledge their ability to be useful markersfor identification of kidney diseases, like lupus nephritis and chronic kidney disease in patients who sufferingfrom SLE.Methods: one hundred twenty subjects from both sexes were enrolled in this study. They have been classifiedinto two patients groups together with the control group. Forty patients of SLE with LN (8male-32female)with age range (19-44) years, represent the first patients group, the second patients group includes fortypatients suffer from SLE without LN at (16-45) years age range and the control group which consists of 40healthy subjects with age range (19-62) years. HE4 and IGFBP were estimated by ELISA method.Results: results show high level of HE4 and IGFBP in both patient groups with SLE in comparison withcontrol group. At the same time, results confirmed a high positive correlation between HE4 and IGFBP (r =0.85, p<0.01), ROC analysis data revealed that HE4 is the best parameters for predicting development lupusnephritis as a main complication of SLE disease.Conclusion: both patient groups revealed a significantly increase in levels of HE4 and IGFBP comparedwith control group. High positive correlation coefficient between HE4 and IGFBP is obtained. Data of ROCanalysis confirmed that HE4 represents a better biomarker for diagnosis of LN in patients with SLE disease.

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