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Prevalensi dan Analisis Faktor Risiko Multidrug Resistance Bakteri Escherichia coli pada Ayam Komersial di Kabupaten Blitar Wibisono, Freshinta Jellia; Sumiarto, Bambang; Untari, Tri; Effendi, Mustofa Helmi; Permatasari, Dian Ayu; Witaningrum, Adiana Mutamsari
Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science) Vol 10 No 1 (2020): Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Vete
Publisher : Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (439.328 KB) | DOI: 10.46549/jipvet.v10i1.74

Abstract

Multidrug resistance is a problem that is difficult to overcome in terms of treating infectious diseases. Multidrug resistance is the term used to describe when a bacteria is resistant to three or more different classes of antibiotics. Escherichia coli as a commensal bacterium which has multidrug resistance, this causes more issues because Escherichia coli can transfer its resistant properties to other bacteria within the poultry digestive tract. The observational study is used to determine the risk factors and to estimate the quantitative effects arising from various components that contribute to the emergence of a disease. The sampling in this study was carried out randomly through cloaca swabs from commercial chicken farms in Blitar and 345 samples were collected. Complementary data collection was carried out using questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. The results showed the incidence of multidrug resistance in commercial chickens in the Blitar District was 72.5%. There is a relationship between causative factors with the incidence of multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli bacteria that is significantly associated with positive risk factors. The strength of this relationship can be seen from the value of OR and RR, among others factors of chicken breed (OR = 3.07; RR = 1.34), breeder's education (OR = 2.3; RR = 1.29), type of livestock business (OR = 7.5; RR = 1.43), type of animal feed (OR = 1.91; RR = 1.2), veterinary support for livestock raising management (OR = 3.09; RR = 1.44). The reference variables are whether the antibiotics are administered by non-veterinarians (OR = 2.35) or by the TS (OR = 7.92), and whether there is an antibiotic administration program (OR = 3.16; RR = 1.47). The overseeing function of farm maintenance, management, and implementation of antimicrobial administration in commercial chicken farms needs to be improved, to increase breeders' awareness of the careful usage of antibiotics and controlling the incidence of antibiotic resistance.
Encoding Gene Identification in Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B from Nasal Mucosa of the Dog Arifah, Sitti; Effendi, Mustofa Helmi; Sektiari, Bambang
Jurnal Riset Veteriner Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Veterinary Research) VOLUME 4 No. 1, JANUARY 2020
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/jrvi.v4i1.9241

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This research aimed to know the enterotoxin B in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nasal mucosa of the dog. Six of fifteen samples have characteristics like cocci shaped, Gram-positive, mannitol fermented, produce catalase, coagulase and acetyl methyl carbinol. Then to identify enterotoxin B in 6 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus using PCR techniques. Result of the identification of gene that are 50% positive samples had enterotoxin B. Further research is needed on high sensitivity antibiotic for treatment of the caused by Staphylococcus aureus infections, as well as the need cautious to the spread of enterotoxin B in Staphylococcus aureus. 
Effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) Bark Oil on Pancreatic Histopathology of white Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced with Streptozotocin Budiastuti1 , Reni Utami2 , Mustofa Helmi Effendi3 , and Hani Plumeriastuti4 *
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11594

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to understand the effect of the cinnamomum (Cinnamomum burmannii)bark oil (CBO) on the pancreatic histopathology white rat (Rattus norvegicus) with diabetes mellitus. Thevariables taken were the diameter and the number of Langerhans Island in the pancreatic of white male ratswhich had been induced by streptozotocin (STZ). This research using diabetic rat induced by streptozotocinintraperitoneally with single dose of 45 mg/kg BW. Samples consist of fifty rats were divided into fivegroups, negative control group (K-) was not induced by streptozotocin, which treatment by giving CMCNa 1%, positive control group (K+) was induced by streptozotocin without CBO, group P1 was induced bystreptozotocin and gave CBO 100 mg/kgBW, group P2 was induced by streptozotocin and gave CBO 200mg/kgBW, group P3 was induced by streptozotocin and gave CBO 400 mg/kgBW daily for 14 days period.The results showed that cinnamomum bark oil (CBO) with dose 200 mg/kgBW (P2) was significantly higher(p<0,05) than group P1, group P3 and positive control group (K+). It can be concluded that CBO can be usedto improve pancreatic function of STZ induced in diabetic rats
Detection of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Milk in East Java Province, Indonesia Ribby Ansharieta1 , Mustofa Helmi Effendi2,3, Hani Plumeriastuti4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12151

Abstract

The aim of this study is to figure out the profile of antibiotic resistance in E. coli, sourced from raw milk,obtained from five districts in East Java Province, Indonesia. A total of 250 samples were tested usingthe Kirby-Bauer Test method. The result revealed that the highest percentage of antibiotic resistance wasTetracycline (17.05%), followed by Streptomycin (14.2%), Trimethoprim (9.66%), Chloramphenicol(7.95%) and Aztreonam (1.7%). A total of 16 E. coli isolates (9.1%) were detected as MDR, and 3 E. coliisolates (1.7%) were suspected as presumptive ESBL. Thus, threat of multidrug resistance E. coli possiblysourced from the milk.
Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance on Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Raw Milk from Dairy Farms in Surabaya Wiwiek Tyasningsih1 , Lingga Pulung Wijanarka2 , Indra Raja Syahputra2, Mustofa Helmi Effendi3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12281

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The aim of this research was to show the pattern of S. aureus bacteria isolated from raw milk from two dairyfarms in Surabaya against antibiotics oxacillin, penicillin, amphicillin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin.The study used purposive sampling method. About 72 samples isolated on Mannitol Salt Agar media (MSA)from the result which identified as Staphylococcus sp was 14 (19.44%) showed the positive samples oncoagulase test. Antibiotic disk used i.e oxacillin, penicillin, amphicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin byusing Kirby Bauer method. Inhibiton diameter zone measured at millimeter to determined a sensitivity levelof antibiotic. The result showed about 14 (100%) of samples was resistant to Antibiotic oxacillin type, 14(100%) of samples was resistant to penicillin, 9 (64,2%) samples was resistant, and 5 (35,7%) of sampleswas sensitive to amphicillin, 14 (100%) of samples was sensitive to chloramphenicol, and 14 (100%) ofsamples was sensitive to gentamicin. These results will open up our view that cooking milk is important toeliminate the danger of S. aureus isolates which present in milk and have potential hazards to public health.
Analysis of Capsicum annuum L. Methanolic Extract and Its Potential as a Hepatoprotector Mustofa Helmi Effendi; Mohammad Sukmanadi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15869

Abstract

ThinLayerChromatography(TLC) method performed to purify capsaicin compound in C. annum L. and test the bioactive component of Capsicum Annum L on MAPK1 target proteins using the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) method to determine the reactions between receptor-ligand (antigen-antibody) complexes formed and become a reference in vivo tests. Natural ingredients need to be extracted to get some or all of the active ingredients used to synthesize the right dosage, easily stored, and maintain for a long time. The active ingredient of capsaicin is efficacious as a stimulant of gastric acid secretion and prevents infections in the digestive system.The immunohistochemical examination is intended to determine the expression of MAPK1 (ERK) on cells of mice hepatocytes (Mus musculus). MAPK 1 (ERK) expression score data were obtained using the modified Remmele method is the result of multiplying the percentage score of immunoreactive cells with the color intensity score on immunoreactive cells. The abnormal target protein signaling pathway contributes to cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and uncontrolled cell apoptosis.Analysis of amino acid residues, Capsaicin to MAPK1haverelativelysimilarresiduessothatitcanbeconcludedthat the binding sites of the two compounds are close to similarities and affect receptors at relatively similar sites, namely oncogenicreceptors/ proteins. Concluded that the ethanol extract of Capsicum. annum L. had a greater in the powder form , TLC method showed the capsaicin standard was 1020 µg/ml, that capsaicin in chilies (Capsicum Annum L.) can synergistically inhibit cell through reactions in the anti-apoptotic MAPK 1 potentiates the antiproliferative action that can promote hepatoprotector, a finding that demands further clinicaltesting.
SA-11 The Total Count of CPS on Hand Holding Dog Swab in UNAIR Animal Hospital, Before and After Cleaning based on Islamic Rules and Cleaning Using Soap Gretania Residiwati; Mustofa Helmi Effendi; Didik Handijatno
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (466.112 KB)

Abstract

Purify our self from the dirt is highly regarded in Islamic principles because that is one of legitimate requirements of a worship. In Islamic law, dogs are classified including into the severe unclean category, where there are some perspectives against the nature of unclean possess by dog.  The way of purification is to wash as much seven times, and one of them using soil (Handi, 2008).Essentially, the unclean determination for dog saliva is viewed from ritual dimensions, instead of rational, thus there should be no reason logically. Furthermore, we cannot mix the concept of holiness according to the religion with a sterile concept if we relate to the medical side. However, as far as we know the sacred way, surely there is a great secret that Our Creator has saved, thus we need to explore more deeply.The means of transmitting pathogenic germs has been realized since the 1840s, where proper hand hygiene can reduce or prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections. Dobson (2003) mentioned that washing hands can prevent more than 1 million deaths per year due to illness diarrhea, while washing hands with soap can reduce diarrhea up to 47%.Jayne (2002) who compared the number of bacteria that successfully grown from the saliva of dogs, cats and humans, mentioned that bacteria in dog saliva had the largest number with 53 colonies, while cats had 16 and human with 5 colonies. The bacteria derived from dog saliva have the fastest grow and the most varied colonies colors.Staphylococcus sp. is a normal flora that we can find on the skin, ears, swabs of nasal mucosa and mouth, also saliva of dog. This bacterium includes into opportunistic pathogens bacteria that can cause canine pyoderma, abscesses, otitis externa, infection of wound and urinary tract in dogs. In humans, they can cause external otitis, cardiomyopathy and endocarditis, food poisoning outbreaks, catheterrelated bacteremia, pneumonia and brain abscesses (Borjesson, 2014). S.intermedius and S.aureus are bacteria belonging to the Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (CPS) group which plays an important role in cases of skin infections in dogs and they are zoonotic (Hajek, 1967). Tanner et al (2000), reported that this bacterial transmission through pets to humans is a common case at home and inflict various diseases on dog owners.In Indonesia, limited studies of various causative agents of diseases makes we lack to know whether the cause of the various diseases that are currently emerging. Thus, the efforts of preventive that should be more necessary to do rarely get a serious attention. Whereas very possible, that our lovely pet is one of the source of the various diseases transmissions because of less precise of biosafety.There is no further proof yet, whether the concept of Islamic purification for saliva of dog also includes the concept of sterility against bacteria based on medical guidance. As an early stage, this paper will be elaborated how the total of CPS from hand swab holder dogs at Animal Hospital of Education, Airlangga University, Surabaya, before and after purification with soil according to Islamic principles and cleaning using soap.
Pemodelan Epidemiologi Kejadian Multidrug Resistance Bakteri Escherichia coli pada Peternakan Ayam Komersial di Kabupaten Blitar Freshinta Jellia Wibisono; Bambang Sumiarto; Tri Untari; Mustofa Helmi Effendi; Dian Ayu Permatasari; Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum
Jurnal Sain Veteriner Vol 39, No 3 (2021): Desember
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada bekerjasama dengan PB PDHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jsv.52071

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Sifat resistensi bakteri Escherichia coli terhadap antibiotik mengakibatkan terbatasnya pilihan pengobatan. Perkembangan lebih lanjut dari resistensi bakteri dapat menyebabkan munculnya multidrug resistance pada bakteri, sehingga meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit. Interaksi penyebaran kejadian multidrug resistance pada Escherichia coli yang terjadi pada populasi sangat kompleks, sehingga sulit memahami dinamika penyebaran berskala besar.  Pendekatan pemodelan menjadi sangat penting untuk pengambilan keputusan tentang program pengendalian penyakit infeksi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian epidemiologi deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross-sectional study. Metode analisis menggunakan analisis regresi logistic untuk mendapatkan pemodelan kejadian multidrug resistance bakteri Escherichia coli pada tingkat ternak, dan menggunakan regresi linier untuk mendapatkan pemodelan kejadian multidrug resistance bakteri Escherichia coli pada tingkat peternakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan Distribusi kasus kejadian multidrug resistance pada ayam komersial di Kabupaten Blitar menunjukkan prevalensi kejadian pada tingkat peternakan sebesar 95.9%. Pemodelan kejadian multidrug resistance bakteri Escherichia coli tingkat ternak menghasilkan model regresi logistik ganda Ln () = 0.21964 + 1.60374 RefTS + 1.44989 Broiler + 0.96022 PakRacik + 0.84182 ProgAb – 1.16667 SaniKan – 1.15046 Tritendap, dengan peluang kejadian sebesar 94 %. Pemodelan kejadian Multidrug resistance bakteri Escherichia coli tingkat peternakan menghasilkan model regresi linier, MDR (Y) = 0.57886 + 0.16105 JUMitra + 0.19342 ProgAb – 0.16178 Dukudrh. Model ini memiliki wilk saphiro mendekati 1 (W = 0,9573) sehingga model persamaan ini merupakan model yang baik untuk kejadian Multidrug resistance bakteri Escherichia coli tingkat peternakan.
Resistance Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Bacteria using Vitek® 2 Compact Method Freshinta Jellia Wibisono; Bambang Sumiarto; Tri Untari; Mustofa Helmi Effendi; Dian Ayu Permatasari; Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum
Buletin Peternakan Vol 44, No 2 (2020): BULETIN PETERNAKAN VOL. 44 (2) MAY 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v44i2.51347

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the resistance profile and the nature of multidrug resistance in Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E.coli) against several classes of antibiotics. Positive isolates of ESBL-producing E.coli were tested for antibiotic sensitivity using the VITEK® 2 compact method which then analyzed automatically. The results showed an antibiotic resistance profile against ESBL-producing E.coli showed the highest level of antibiotics in beta lactam, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone at 100%. Subsequent results found a relatively high level of resistance in the antibiotics aztreonam (86.36%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (77.27%), gentamicin (72.73%), and ciprofloxacin (68.18%). Antibiotics from carbapenem groups such as ertapenem and memenem, and antibiotics from the aminoglycosides (amicasin) and tigecycline groups of tetracycline still showed a high sensitivity level of 100%. The most common resistance patterns found in ESBL-producing E.coli isolates are AM/AMP/KZ/CTX/CRO/ATM/GM/CIP as much as 22.73%, and AM/AMP/KZ/CTX/CRO/ATM/GM/CIP/SXT patterns of 18.2%. The results of multi-class antibiotic resistance showed that 86.36% had multidrug resistance. The highest multidrug resistance pattern in ESBL-producing E.coli occurred with a BL/AG/Q/SP pattern of 50%. Other patterns of multidrug resistance in ESBL-producing E.coli that can be found in this study are, the BL/AG/Q/SP pattern is 18.20%, the BL/AG/Q/SP pattern is 13.64%, and the BL/AG/Q pattern is 4.55%. The high profile of resistance and the nature of multidrug resistance in ESBL-producing E.coli has the potential to spread these resistant genes, thus risking the use of antibiotics as a public health therapy and animal health, therefore further evaluation and control are needed.
Aktivitas Antimikrob Cuka Apel terhadap Multidrug Resistance Staphylococcus aureus yang Diisolasi dari Luka Infeksi Anjing di Surabaya Elisa Herina Dimariwu; Wiwiek Tyasningsih; Jola Rahmahani; Rahaju Ernawati; Mustofa Helmi Effendi; Didik Handijatno
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 21 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (135.917 KB)

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the normal flora that can cause infection in injured skin. Resistance to antibiotics has an impact on the difficulty of therapeutic treatment so that other alternatives are needed. The purpose of this study was to observe the effectiveness of apple vinegar as an antimicrobial against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from infection wounds in dogs in Surabaya. The methods in this study were the isolation of bacteria from 30 samples of dog festering wounds on Manitol Salt Agar (MSA) media and identification through macroscopic, microscopic, catalase tests, coagulase tests, hemolysis tests on Blood Agar media, and Voges–Proskauer (VP) tests. Bacteria that have included the S. aureus criteria were followed by sensitivity tests to the antibiotics Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Chloramphenichol, and Ciprofloxacin. Apple vinegar activity test was carried out using disk diffusion method against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that of the seven S. aureus isolates, there were two isolates belonging to the Multidrug Resistant S. aureus. The results of the apple vinegar activity test showed the presence of antimicrobial activity shown by the formation of a clear zone around the paper disk with an average diameter of 24.06 mm at a concentration of 90%. The conclusion shows that apple vinegar has antimicrobial activity against Multidrug Resistant S. aureus which is isolated from dog festering wounds in Surabaya.
Co-Authors A. T. Soelih Estoepangestie Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum Adrenalin, Sruti Listra Al Arif, M Anam Amri, Indah Amalia Anam Al Arif Anas Bad’rosana Prawindi Annisa, Suwaibatul Annise Proboningrat Arifah, Sitti Asri Rizky Asri Rizky Astuti, Elita Sriwidya Bambang Sektiari Lukiswanto Bambang Sumiarto Bambang Sumiarto Bambang Sumiarto Bambang Sumiarto Benjamin Christoffel Tehupuring, Benjamin Christoffel Boedi Setiawan BUDI UTOMO Budiarto Budiarto Bura, Maria Antonia Yersi Dua Chusniati, Sri Dadik Rahardjo, Dadik Dadik Raharjo Dameanti, Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dewi, Aprilia Kurnia Dian Ayu Permatasari Dian Ayu Permatasari Didik Handijatno Didik Handijatno Didik Handijatno Elisa Herina Dimariwu Endah, Tri Endang Suprihati Eriza Rosalina Rochmah Estoepangestie, Agnes Theresia Soelih Fadlilah, Shinta Levea Ni'matul Fatmawati, Mira Fatmawati Fauziah, Ima Fedik Abdul Rantam Habibi, Muhammad Afif Hani Plumeriastuti Harijani, Nenny Hasib, Abdullah Hernanda, Ary Setya Herry Agoes Hermadi Istiana, Izzatul Iwan Sahrial Hamid Kadek Rachmawati Kadek Rachmawati Khairullah, Aswin Rafif Khoiru Indana Kinasih, Kurnia Nisa Kurniawan, Muhammad ‘Ahdi Kusala, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusriningrum Rochiman Lailatul Maghfiroh Lilik Maslachah Lucia Tri Suwanti, Lucia Tri Luthfiana, Nurul Masdiana C Padaga Maudika Pamela Fiorenza Mirni Lamid Mohammad Sukmanadi Moses, Ikechukwu Benjamin Mufasirin Muhammad Ikmal Robih Mustika, Yolla Rona Muzhaffar, Adam Maulana Nenny Harijani Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti Nusdianto Triakoso Permatasari, Dian Ayu Pradika, Adhitya Yhoga Purbowati, Tri Endah Putri, Mariana Febrilianti Resilinda Rahaju Ernawati Raharjo, Dadik Rahmahani, Jola Rahmandari, Dina Agylia Raissa, Ricadonna Ramandinianto, Sancaka Chasyer Residiwati, Gretania Rochmah Kurnijasanti Sabdoningrum, Emy Koestanti Safitri, Devi Ayu Saputra, Rakan Mahiid Sari, Fifin Kurnia Sarudji, Suryanie Setiawan Koesdarto Sevitasari, Adelita Putri Sheila Marty Yanestria Sitti Arifah Soeharsono Soeharsono Soelih Estoepangestie, Agnes Theresia Sri Hidanah Sri Mulyati Sri Mumpuni Sosiawati Sri Pantja Madyawati Subagyo, Safira Fauziyyah Suherni Susilowati Sukmanadi, Mohammad Supriyadi Suwarno Suwarno Syah Putra, Akyun Rozaqi Syah, Ali Akram Tacharina, Martia Rani Tatik Hernawati Tita Damayanti Lestari Tjuk Imam Restiadi Tri Nurhajati Tri Untari Tri Untari Tri Wahyu Suprayogi Tyasningsih, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Wiwik Veena Vasheene Vijaya Kumar Wardhana, Dhandy Koesoemo Warsito, Sunaryo Hadi Wibawati, Prima Ayu Wibisono, Freshinta Jellia Widi Nugroho Yeni Dhamayanti Yudhana, Aditya Yulianna Puspitasari Yunita, Maya Nurwartanti Zahro, Vida Seanita