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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Evaluation of Treatment of Tinea Corporis and Tinea Cruris with Oral Terbinafine Using Direct Microscopic Examination with Special Stains Sudhir Singh1 , Adarshlata Singh2 , Pankaj Mulchandani3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12638

Abstract

Terbinafine is a fungicidal allylamine drug and was considered a drug of choice to treat dermatophyteinfection. However recently there wasan increase in the incidence of clinical failure and relapses withterbinafine.Aims and Objectives: This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness and safety of oral terbinafine250 mg given in patients suffering from tinea cruris and tinea corporis for 6 weeks.Materials and Method: In a prospective, open-label randomized controlled comparative trial 40 patientssuffering from tinea cruris and tinea corporis were recruited. Only patients with tinea cruris and tineacorporis, confirmed through positive microscopy before the start of treatment were eligible for inclusionin the trial. The patients were distributed into two groups and randomly allocated into group A and groupB of 20 patients each. Both groups received the same treatment i.e., oral Terbinafine 250mg once daily for6 weeks. Patients of both groups were followed up at weeks 2, 4, 6 during treatment and at the end of 8weeks. Mycological control test for group A and group B patients were done by KOH mount at baselineand each visit. Patients of group B underwent mycological control testing in the form of KOH mount withthe concurrent use of DMSO and CSB at baseline and each visit. By the end of treatment clinical andmycological cure were evaluated.Results: In group A (mycological testing with only KOH was done), fungal elements were detected in100%, 40%, 20%, 0% and 0% of baseline patients, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks respectively.In group B (mycological testing with KOH and DMSO+CSB was done), fungal elements were detected in100%, 75%, 50%, 10% and 15% of baseline patients, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks respectively.Even after 2 weeks of completion of oral terbinafine 250 mg for 6 weeks,the clinical cure was not seen in40% and 35% patients in groupA and group B.Conclusion: Although mycological cure was achieved in more than 90% of patients in group A and group Bafter 8 weeks clinical cure was achieved in only 60% and 65 % patients in group A and group B respectively.Implying that we need to continue oral terbinafine for a longer period to achieve mycological as well as aclinical cure.
Comparative Study of Efficacy of Hemidesmus Indicus (L.) R. Br. and Decalepis Hamiltonii Wight & Arn. in Acne Vulgaris (Mukhadushika) Parul Nandgaonkar1 , Pramod Khobragade2 , Vaishali Kuchewar3 , Akshay Pargaonkar4 , Pradeep Nandgaon
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12639

Abstract

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. (Sariva) commonly known as Anantmool with its unique attributes is used intherapeutics in Ayurveda. From few decades due to heavy demand and extreme commercial collection fromnatural habitat of this plant its natural population is decreasing with higher rate and has resulted in extinctionof population. In various Ayurvedic raw drug market and in the leading Ayurvedic pharmacies, the roots ofDecalepis hamiltonii which is considered as Sariva species is used in place of the roots of H. indicus (Sariva)in Ayurvedic formulations. H. indicus though is cultivated by special method, still it is very time consumingand expensive process. D. hamiltonii is easily cultivated with high yield and less expensive as compared toH. indicus. The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. andDecalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. In Acne vulgaris (Mukhadushika)and compare its efficacy. On the basisof the observation obtained both drugs relieved symptoms burning sensation (Daha), pain (Vedana), itching(Kandu),erythema(Lalima) and Global acne grading scale (GAGS) of Acne vulgaris significantly. As perstudy it is concluded that tablet (Ghana Vati) and Gel of Hemidesmus indicus and Decalepis hamiltonii areequally effective in the management of Acne vulgaris. Hence D. hamiltonii can be used as substitute drug ofHemidesmus indicus in the management of Acne vulgaris.
Subacute Oral Toxicity Study of Arsenic Compound Sameerpannag Rasa in Albino Rats Swati Ambulkar1 , Pranit Ambulkar2 , Ashish B. Budhrani3 , Manish P. Deshmukh4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12640

Abstract

Background: Despite the long tradition of thousands of years and acceptance in common public, Ayurvedicmedicines of mercurial, metallic and mineral origin are seen with fear and doubt because in toxicologymercury, metals etc. are known as toxic to the human body. The main reason for dispute lays in the methodof analysis of the Ayurvedic metallic and mercurial medicines. The usual method of analysis of medicinesfor heavy metals is usually atomic absorption spectro-photometry etc. where elements can be detected butthe molecular form is not detected. Arsenic in Sameerpannag Ras is more than a thousand times higherthan the permissible limit of Arsenic in medicines, still successful use of this medicine is Ayurveda practicebrings the hypothesis that it is non-toxic in therapeutic dose.Method: Sameerpannag Ras is a medicinal compound made with three Arsenic ores and Sulphur. Properanimal ethics committee approval was taken, 150 Albino rats were divided into five groups viz control,vehicle control, therapeutic dose, 2X dose and 5X dose. Subacute oral toxicity study was conducted as perOECD guidelines, general behaviours, blood analysis and histopathology study of vital organs were doneto access toxicity.Results: Histopathology study reveals that the consumption of Sameerpannag Rasa in therapeutic dose aswell as in five times the therapeutic dose for 28 days did not cause any significant changes in tissues of liver,kidney, lungs, heart or brain. The behaviour of animals was unchanged during the study, also there was nomortality during the study period.Conclusion: Sameerpannag Ras prepared as per classical Ayurvedic pharmaceutical procedure consumedin therapeutic dose is non-toxic in acute toxicity study. Irrespective of the Arsenic as its major constituent,the pharmaceutical method makes it not-toxic, hence re-establishing its safety and relevance in Ayurvedasystem of medicine.
Experimental Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Various Dosage Forms of Tridax Procumbens Swati Ambulkar1 , Pranit Ambulkar2 , Manish P. Deshmukh3 , Ashish B. Budhrani
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12641

Abstract

Introduction: Tridax procumbens Linn. (Tridax) is a common weed found all over India. It is commonlyknown as Peet Bhringraj, Jakhamjod and Kambarmodi etc. It is traditionally being used since centuries forwound healing and haemostasis and also for the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, bronchial catarrh etc.Need of the Study: Tridax is traditionally being used in its crude form. Despite of the marked utility ofTridax in wound management, in Ayurvedic literature neither there is much description of Tridax nor itsdosage forms are mentioned. Exploring the various dosage formsObjective: Thus the study is designed to find out an effective Ayurvedic dosage form of Tridax that is moreeffective and on the same hand is holistic in approach as per principles of Ayurveda.Materials and Method: An animal experiment is conducted on Albino rats using excision wound model.Five dosage forms of Tridax were prepared such as Ash, Kalka, Oil, Ghana and Ethanolic extract and werecompared with control to evaluate rate of contraction and period of epithelialization.Results and Conclusion: The results were outstanding. Different dosage forms of Tridax exhibited excellentwound healing property. Few dosage forms exhibited typical behavior in different stages of wound healing.Hence Tridax can be seen as a potent drug to develop a good wound healing agent of future.
Various Dosage Forms of Tridax Procumbens and their Antimicrobial Activity Against Specific Pathogens Swati Ambulkar1 , Pranit Ambulkar2 , Manish P. Deshmukh3 , Ashish B. Budhrani4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12642

Abstract

Background: TridaxProcumbens Linn, (Tridax) is a herb traditionally used in Indian traditional medicinefor different ailments like cough, cold, amoebiasis and most importantly for seizing the bleeding and woundmanagement. Practically it is observed that the wound treated with Tridax was found to be very rarelyinfected and healed properly. Researched suggests that the different dosage form of the Tridax have differentpotential in wound healing. On these two backgrounds, the hypothesis was made that the Tridax has gotantimicrobial property and the antimicrobial potential varies as per the dosage form.Method: To examine the hypothesis, in the present experiment, seven Ayurvedic dosage forms of Tridaxviz. fresh leaves juice, fresh flower juice, fresh root juice, aqueous decoction, medicated oil, medicatedGhee, ash, alkaline aqueous water-soluble fraction of the Ash and six organic solvent extracts of Tridaxviz. ethanol, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, benzene and petroleum ether were tested for theirantimicrobial activity against eleven different disease-causing microbes viz. Bacillus subtilis, Proteusvulgaris, Shigellaflexneri Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Chryseobacteriumgleum,Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus.Antimicrobial experiment was carried out with appropriate nutrient media and disc diffusion method.Results: Leaf juice showed microbial inhibition zone of 28mm against B. subtilis. Flower juice showed17mm against C. albicans, aqueous decoction showed 14mm against C. gleum, Ethanol extract, Methanolextract, Chloroform ext. and Ethyl act. Extract showed microbial inhibition zone of 17mm, 14mm and14mm against respectively.Conclusion: The different dosage form of Tridax have a different and significant antimicrobial potentialagainst different microbes. It supports the importance of different processing suggested in classical Ayurvedictext for obtaining different results from aparticular herb.
Development of Dose Sipping Technology, a New Design Approach for Improving Drug Delivery of Acyclovir in Pediatric Medication Koshish B. Gabhane1 , Arshiya M. Khan1 , Manish P. Desmukh2 , Ashish B. Budhrani3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12643

Abstract

Background: In quest of developing a dosage form having increased focus on the development of noveltechnologies which combines the advantages of liquids as easy swallowing with that of solid dosage formsas storage stability and exact unit dosing as well as taste masking which may improve compliance in childrenor elderly, dose sipping technology tends to be a better alternative and hence preferred for the presentexperimental part.Objectives: The aim and objective of the present work are to study one such new design approach (Dosesipping technology) in order to improve drug delivery of antiviral drugs for pediatric medication.Method: The proposed dose sipping (DS) administration system consists of Acyclovir drug-loaded pelletsformed by the sequential method, further packed in a system of a drinking straw-like tube closed on thebottom end by a filter plug called a controller.Results: Cumulative drug release data for formulated Acyclovir loaded spheres against marketedAcyclovir tablet using Prototype model forstudyingin-vitro drug release per sip, considering the suctionprocess,achieved 99.70 % release within 11 minutes as compared to 60 minutes for 99.45% with improvedpatient compliance.Conclusion: Dose Sipping (DS) Technology is a dosage form which combines the advantages of liquids aseasy swallowing with that of solid dosage forms as storage stability and exact unit dosing as well as tasteselection in the patient favorite beverage might improve compliance in children or elderly
Spectrum of Respiratory Involvement in COVID 19 Era; An Overview Ayushi Jain1 , DhruvTalwar2 , Sunil Kumar3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12644

Abstract

Introduction: COVID 19 is novel coronavirus which first struck the world 5 months ago and becamepandemic in such a short time. China suffered first and then this virus spread to more than 180 countries.Primary organ involved is lungs and the commonest cause of fatality is respiratory failure1. Although, itsnew virus, related to two earlier deadly viruses e.g. SARS and MERS but has already caused tremendousmorbidity and mortality in nations heavily affected by it. This short review highlights about lung involvementdue to this virus and to make our healthcare professionals aware about what to expect by learning from theexperience of the countries where it has already affected thousands of civilians.Methodology: This review article was written with systematic literature review with the help of data searchmachine like Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and google scholar. In this article observational study wandcase reports were included. Most of the data were taken from China, Italy and Spain.Review Findings: COAVID 19 affects lung parenchyma in moderate to severe disease causing pneumoniawhich starts as unilateral lower lobe, commonly on right side, peripheral ground glass infiltrates and rapidlyspreads to involve both lungs with bilateral, multifocal consolidations2. Pleural effusion and pericardialinvolvement may occur. In severe cases the disease progresses to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndromeaccounting for >90% of mortality. Pathology of lungs showed diffuse alveolar damage with organizationand fibrosis as disease progresses.Conclusions: COVID 19 a novel coronavirus which is presently a pandemic has affected the world in mannerreminiscence of 1918 Spanish flu. Lung involvement as community acquired pneumonia is determinant ofmortality, which spreads exponentially to develop sever respiratory failure
COVID-19 Pandemic: Inducing Pan-Hysteria and Panic Disorder; An Overview Arpita Aswinikumar Sahu
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12645

Abstract

Summary: Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, China, gave an account of a few cases of pneumoniawhich were later established as cases of the Novel Coronavirus Disease by the end of December 2019. By 4thof January, WHO reported these cases on social media and by the beginning of March WHO had declared itas a pandemic which was preceded and followed by lockdowns in various countries and had led to a scenarioof fear and panic amidst the minds of all.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged the society in many aspects, one of thembeing the psychosocial aspect. The stress due to the pandemic could produce worry and fear about health foroneself, family members and friends. Even changes in sleeping or eating patterns, the worsening of chronichealth problems,unavailability of alcohol, tobacco or other drugs in the market due to shutting down ofmanufacturing units and problems in concentration are among the possible etiologies of a precipitating panicdisorder. Containment measures such as lockdown and isolationcan also precipitate psychiatric illnessesand morbidities such aspanic disorder, depression, anxiety and suicidal tendencies.COVID-19 may causeor exacerbate even the existing psychiatric illnesses or existing panic disorder in individuals which couldlead to physiological symptoms like palpitations, sweating, shortness of breath and a decreased sense ofwellbeing. It gives a feeling of impending doom or danger and is followed by intense fear which can all takeplace when one is facing such a pandemic.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has not only had physical but even mental and psychosocial impacts.New mental health challenges may arise owing to this pandemic.
COVID-19 Pandemic: A Positive Influence on Lifestyle, Economy, Administration & Environment; An Overview Kunal Dwari
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12646

Abstract

Summary: On the December 31st 2019, World Health Organization (WHO) was alerted about a bunch ofnewly arrived pneumonia cases in city of Wuhan, China. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)later became well known as COVID-19. The causative virus was isolated on 7th January, which was thenovel coronavirus ‘SARS-CoV-2. Initial evidences suggested it is a zoonotic disease originating from batswhich was then transmitted to humans. As of June 27 2020, the number of Identified COVID-19 casesglobally were 9,815,826 of which active number of cases were 4,018,892 and total number of deaths were494,118. To contain the spread of this disease many nations around the world introduced partial/completelockdown. India declared nationwide lockdown on 25 march 2020, which is considered as the world’slargest lockdown. This led to too much distress in the society and nation. But every coin has 2 sides, todaylet’s flip the coin and have a look at the unnoticed head of the coin. This article is the review of numerousarticles available online highlighting the disguised positive impacts under the following domain:• Lifestyle and health related positive impact includes hygiene practices, attitude of good health andimmunity.• Positive Impact on Administration & Health sector indicating the lacunas of poor health infrastructure.• Social & Personal impact leading to better personality development.• Impact related to Lockdown which includes good environmental changes, trade and work-relatedpositivity
Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A Case Report Deepali Ghungrud1 , Vaishali Tembhare2 , Sheetal Sakharkar3, Manoj Patil4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12647

Abstract

Introduction: Gastric outlet obstruction is an obstruction in the pylorus of stomach it is also known as apyloric obstruction. It is a common condition but sometimes accurate cause could not be found in thesecases it can be diagnosed on the basis of signs and symptoms and on diagnostic evaluation i.e endoscopicexamination, barium meal, ultrasonogaphy, computed tomography and chest x-ray.Case Presentation: Here we are mentioninga 50- year’sold male visited our hospital with the complaintsof severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting since 2 days, weakness since 5 months, has passed stool 2days ago, weight loss for 2 months. All routine laboratory tests were done in this case and all the resultswere within normal range except decreased hemoglobin level, increase in white blood cells also increasedcreatinine level and decreased albumin level. In Abdominal ultrasonography it was mentioned that severelyedematous mucosa with erosive patches and places, Pyloric canal deformed scope could not be negotiatedacross the pylorus. Barium meal study depicted dilated stomach where greater curvature is below the levelof iliac crest. Finally a client case was diagnosed as a gastric outlet obstruction. Primarily as per priorityBlood transfusion and all conservative treatment was started by surgical team but client was not relievedof obstruction by the medical management. Diagnostic exploratory laparotomy with repair of duodenalperforation with gastrojejunostomy under general anesthesia was done. Vital signs and cardiac monitoringwas done. Maintained intravenous fluid and colour of drainage was observed, propped up position andantibiotic, analgesic, anti emetic given and ryle’s tube aspiration was done 4 hourly also abdominal girth wasalso measured 4 hourly. A positive response to treatment was observed by patient. Patient was dischargedwith full recovery without any postoperative complication.Conclusion: In this study, we mainly focus on expert surgical management and quality nursing care dueto which the patient was discharged without any postoperative complications and satisfaction with fullrecovery

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