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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
 305   306   307   308   309 
Detection of Antiseptic Resistant Genes in Colistin- Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MDR Klebsiella penumoniae Noor S. Hassan1 , Mohamed F. Al –marjani2, Nadema H. Hussain3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13715

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect the existence of developments in resistance to biocide ofPseudomonas aeruginosa resist of colistin and in multi-drug resistance Klebsiella pneumonia in the hospitalenvironment. Materials and Methods: The study included 25 isolates of K. pneumoniae and 30 isolates ofP. aeruginosa. Isolated from different clinical and environmental samples in Baghdad hospitals. Antibioticsensitivity tests and their susceptibility to multiple antibiotic resistance and sensitivity tests were studied forthe most commonly used antiseptics at the preventive level (benzalkonium chloride). The test was carriedout using the micro dilution broth method, following Institution of Clinical and Laboratory Standardsguidelines, PCR was performed for detection of blaTEM, blaSHV , blaCTX-M , qacC/D, qac?E1and qacE betalactamase and antiseptic genes. Results: A high rate of multiple resistance to the most used antibioticswas observed, so the rate of resistance to all antibiotics that was used was 16.0% of P. aeruginosa and 4%of K. pneumoniae possesses comprehensive resistance to all antibiotics that were used and the resiste ofcolistin in P. aeruginosa was 36% .The prevalence of ESBLs was 36.0% and 48.0 % of P.aeruginosa andK.penomoniea respectively ,in addition to their strong ability to form biofilms 80 % in P.aeruginosa and94% in k.pneumoniea and their ability to resist Antiseptics . The percentage of resistance to antiseptic ofbenzilkonium chloride showed the highest concentration of P.aeruginosa was 33.3% and K. pneumoniae37.5% . The result of ESBL and antiseptic genes detection clarify, the percent of production genes were(10%), (40%) blaTEM; (6.66%),(56%)blaSHV ;(33%),(64%) blaCTX-M ;(70%),(44%) qacC/D; ( 80% ),(56%)qac?E1 in P.aeruginosa and K.pneumoniea respectively and no any isolate carried qacE gene. production ofextended spectrum ?-lactamase genes in addition to their strong ability to form biofilms 80 % in p.aeroginosaand 94% in k.pneumoniea and their ability to resist a antiseptics . The percentage of resistance to antisepticof benzilkonium chloride showed the highest concentration of P. aeruginosa was 33.3% and K. pneumoniae37.5%, the result of beta lactamase and antiseptic genes detection clarify PCR was performed for detectionof blaTEM, blaSHV , blaCTX-M , qacC/D, qac?E1and qacE beta lactamase and antiseptic genes . Conclusion:Our observations indicate that there is a significant correlation between the ability of bacteria to resistmultiple antibiotics in addition to their ability to resist the most commonly used antiseptics, due to theirphysiological nature and increased virulence factors.
Detection of HMA5, PCs and MT2 Genes Expression in Vicia faba Under Heavy Metal Stress Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR Khalid H. Alobaidi1 , Zaid N. Altememi2 , Dhafar N. Al-Ugaili3 , Jameel R. Al-Obaidi4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13716

Abstract

In order to achieve phytoremediation during agricultural production, it is essential to identify high genotypesyield that is able of accumulating many types of heavy metals not in the edible parts which have significantnutritional value but in the non-edible parts. This study conducted to estimate the heavy metal ATPases 5(HMA5), Phytochelatins synthase (PCs) and metallothionein 2 (MT2) genes expression in plant Vicia fabain response to an elevated concentration of copper and zinc in nutrient media. Using Quantitative RealTime PCR (RT-qPCR) technique, the results of hydroponic culture methods with high concentrations ofcopper (75 µMol / L) and high concentration of zinc (500 µ Mol / L) showed high expression level for thethree genes of Vicia faba plant compared with control. Established that the expression of the genes underthe influence of copper ion was higher than the expression under zinc ion influence. Besides that, geneexpression increased with increased exposure time to zinc ion, also in the case of copper ion exposure time,all genes expression slightly increases with increased exposure time. In response to excess copper and zinc,an increase in the expression of genes (HMA5, PCs and MT2) involved in plant protection, providing thepossibility of its transfer from the cytosol to the apoplast demonstrate that this plant might be useful forphytoremediation of moderately polluted areas with copper or zinc.
Detection of Tn916 Conferring Tetracycline Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes Hameed M. Jasim1 , Abbas Aboud Farhan2 , Hanan Raheem Hassooni3, Adil Hassan, Alhusseiny4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13717

Abstract

Background: During the past twenty years, tetracycline resistance average has increased in Streptococcuspyogenes in many countries. Pneumococcal resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline is associated withthe insertion of the erm(B) into the transposons of the Tn916 family. To get datum that may be beneficial inresolving the diffusion of antimicrobial resistance, therefore, we can be specified antibiotic resistant genesand their corporation with mobile genetic elements. This study was proceed to explore the genetic regulationof Tn916-carrying tet(M) in clinical isolates of S.pyogenes . Methods: A twenty two of S.pyogenes isolateswere assemble from patients suffering from upper respiratory infection, and the susceptibility of theseisolates to tetracycline antibiotics was examined. Molecular detection of Tn916 was carried out by employcertain primers to amplify tet(M) gene in each isolates.Results: The results appeared that the resistance of the tetracycline group was 68.1%, 54.5%, 36.3% and31.8% for minocycline, tetracycline, oxytetracycline and doxycycline, respectively. Genetic analysis showedthat Tn916 was detected in eight of the S.pyogenes clinical isolates resistant to tetracycline. Conclusions:Our findings suggest that clinical isolates of S. pyogenes harboring a copy(s) of Tn916 conferring tetracyclineresistance. One possible explanation for resistance to tetracycline in these isolates is due to tet gene, whichwas most likely located on Tn916.
Effect of Soft Cheese in Reducing of Lipid Profile and Liver Enzymes for Rats with Fat Disorder Hiba Sabah Elttayef1, Mohammed Ahmed Jassim2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13718

Abstract

Aim: This study was designed to determine the impact of soft cheese upon total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL),very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and the efficacy of liver enzymes AST, ALT, and ALP inhyperlipidemia experimental Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials & Methodology: Rats were divided into fivegroups (six rats each), healthy control group, hyperlipidemia control group, and three hyperlipidemia groupswere fed on regular soft cheese (T1), cheese supplementation with probiotics (T2), and cheese supportedwith Nigella sativa L (T3). Following 28 days, Result: the results revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) intotal cholesterol in groups of rats that were feeding on chees T1, T2 and T3 (179.83, 138.71 and 135.06 mg/dl, respectively) compared to hyperlipidemia control group (250.98 mg/dl), T1, T2 and T3 groups showed asignificant decrease in LDL levels (153.45, 104.39, 97.47 mg/dl respectively) compared to hyperlipidemiacontrol groups (246 mg/dl). However, an increase of HDL levels were noticed in the same groups in contrast,T3 group revealed significantly decreased in the liver enzymes(28.45, 67.29, 98.16 IU/L) of ALT, AST andALP respectively compared to hyperlipidemia control group (41.27, 88.35, 108.72)IU/L respectively.
Investigation of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Baghdad City Rasha Basim Abdullatif1 , Aida Bara Allawe2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13719

Abstract

In this study, the lumpy skin disease virus was isolated on the lamb testis cell culture for the first time inIraq. Forty skin nodules were collected from cows suspected with lumpy skin disease (LSD) in Baghdadgovernorate. Real-time PCR detected LSD virus in 100% of these skin nodules. After that, the lamb testiscell culture was prepared for virus isolation. The prepared samples (0.5 ml) were inoculated into preparedlamb testis cell culture. Cytopathic effects (CPE) of the virus have appeared after 24hr post-inoculation andcompleted within 72hr. The noticed CPE were cell rounding, aggregation of cells, syncytia formation, anddetached of the cells from the cell sheet. Fluids of lamb testis cell culture were examined by the real-timePCR to confirm that the observed CPE was due to the LSD virus. Cell culture fluids were positive by thereal-time PCR (100%). Real-time PCR was sensitive for the detection of the LSD virus DNA in skin nodules,and it was a suitable confirmatory diagnosis tool of the virus in the tissue culture fluid. Finally, the locallyisolated LSD virus in this study is valuable in future studies for making a vaccine to control the disease.
Laboratory Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Penicillium Marneffei and Verticillium lecanii Against Culex Pipeins Molestus Rabah H Saady1 , Abdulrahman Jihad Mansoor2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13720

Abstract

Background:The biological efficacy of Penicillium marneffei ,Verticilluim lecanii in the biological controlof the second and third larval phases and adult male and female mosquitoes was studied.Culex pipeinsmolestus. Aim of the study: This research aimed to isolate P. marneffei and V.lacanil associated with C.pipeines mosquitoes and compare the biological efficiency of P. marneffei and V. lecenii in their biologicalcontrol second and third instar and adult for the Cx.pipeins.Materials and methods: study was conducted fora period of 3 months from March 2020 to May 2020. Results: killing increased with increasing concentrationdue to an increase in the number of developing spores The results of the laboratory tests are shown V.lecaniifungi. at concentration 2 × 67 spore / ml highest mortality ratio 89.63% for the second larval age after 72hours, the killing rate was 81.59 % for males and 92.67% for females after 72 hours when using 2 × 67 spore/ ml . Conclusion: Entomopathogenic Fungi P. marneffei and . lecanii can use secondary metabolites in themanufacture of a fungicide for the purpose of controlling Cx.pipines mosquitoe.
Molecular Characterizations of a High Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 in Iraq Ahmed Neama Mahmood1 , Aida Bara Allawe2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13721

Abstract

High pathogenicity avian influenza subtype H5N8 viruses were detected in different areas in Iraq at thelast 2017 and early 2018 and 2019 and the disease was detected clinically. This disease is responsible forhigh economic losses for poultry industry and threat human health, so that, this study was conducted formolecular detection, characterization and phylogenic analysis of avian influenza in Iraq. AI subtype H5N8 isan infectious disease primarily in birds and responsible for severe respiratory illness which associated witha high percentage of morbidity and mortality in wild and domestic birds. During this study one hundred fiftydifferent samples including (trachea, larynx and lung) were collected from different areas of broiler chickenfrom Baghdad and its surrounding regions during winter 2019. Avian influenza virus subtype H5N8 wasdetected by using real time RT-PCR technique, and specific kits (KyltR Germany) for AIV subtypes H5 andN8 were used respectively. The results revealed that (15) samples out of (150) collected samples were gavepositive results for avian influenza H5 these positive samples were prepared for a second step of detectionby RT-PCR test specific for N8 subtype the results revealed that only (12) out of (15) tested samples werepositive for H5N8 (8%).Genetic sequencing of isolates and phylogenic analysis of three selected isolates of(H5N8) bellowing to different areas indicate that all strains bellowing to H5 class (2.3.4.4) high pathogenicavian influenza revealed that they are closely related to Egyptian strain (A/ duck/ Egypt/ F446/2017.H5N8-MH893737.1) (with 97.6% identity). Analysis of the mono-basic amino acid (PQIEPR / GLF) atthe hemagglutinin cleavage site revealed there is no deletion of the stalk region with the neuraminidaseindicated that the isolates is a typical HPAI strain (A / duck / Egypt / F446/2017). The similarity of thenucleotide sequence analysis of hemagglutinin gene revealed that there was a high homology (97.6%) to thatof A/duck/Egypt/F446/2017 H5N8 .
Novel Molecular Detection of BPV-10 and BPV-11 Genotypes in Al- Anbar, and Baghdad Provinces Mohammed A. Hamad1 , Murtadha A. Al-Mudhafr2 , Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari3, Ahmed J. Neamah4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13722

Abstract

In this study, the prevalence of diverse bovine papilloma viruses in cutaneous lesions was investigated in Iraqicows. Fourteen specimens were taken from udder growths of Iraqi dairy cows, which demonstrated rice grain-likeand small, raised flesh-like appearance. DNA was extracted from the teat wart samples, then was amplified by thepolymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers against BPV-10 (403 bp) and BPV-11 (560 bp). PCR results revealedmixed infections of BPV-10 and BPV -11 in four samples, while the remaining ten samples were infected with BPV10 only. These findings demonstrate the presence of bovine papillomaviruses 10 and 11 in rice grain-like cutaneouslesions on the teats of cows and multiple elevated growths on udder. The detection and report of the BPV-10 andBPV -11 genotypes in the current study is for first time in Iraq, which are known in the Middle East region, are crucialfor disease control measurements.
Stimulation of Staphylococcus aureus Ligase Enzyme by Magnesium Ion Arqam Mohamad Alomari1 , Aseel A. H. Al-Layla2 , Ibrahim Faris Ali3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13723

Abstract

Ligases enzymes were discovered as a member of the nucleotidyl transferase family. Here in this paper, DNALigase is extracted from S. aureus works with the cofactor NAD+ to make a phosphodiester bond and reformbetween the 3’hydroxyl and 5’phosphate DNA end. Staphylococcus aureus-DNA Ligases Enzyme type A(SLE-A) contains two essential domains; NTase and OB- fold domain, which are the most essential domainsfor the enzyme function. The main aim of the study is to investigate the activity of SLE-A in the presenceof magnesium ion (Mg+2) by evaluating several kinetic parameters on a time course. The result showed thatSLE-A has optimal activity at 500 µM of Mg+2. Furthermore, the low number of Equilibrium AssociationConstant (Km value) explains the binding affinity between DNA ligase of Staphylococcus aureus SLE-Aenzyme and Mg+2 ion was very high and sold.
Study of Bacterial Contaminants and some Chemical Elements of the Euphrates River and Al-Fallujah City Drainage Shaimaa M. Dawd
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13724

Abstract

This article included bacteriological and some chemical elements study of pollution from Euphrates riverand Al-Flalloja city drainage. The study of four selected sites which are Euphrates river (T), Al-Falahat (F)drainage, Al-Ne’emya (N) drainage, and Al-Bo Alwan (B) drainage in the period 11-13/December/2016Bacteria were isolated and diagnosed in water samples depending on their cultural, microscopic biochemicaltests. Results showed that the water samples were polluted with bacteria produced by human and animalwastes, 7out 20 isolates were selected and diagnosed. The study included counting the concentration ofsome chemical ions such as Sodium, Potassium using a flame photometer, the highest concentration ofSodium was in station F and the highest concentration of Potassium was at the station B, concentrations ofcarbonates and bicarbonates were measured using titration method, the highest concentration of bicarbonatesion was at station T, it also showed no carbonates in a water sample

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