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Heat treatment of Sodium Hypochlorite : A Comprehensive Review Saurabh Rathi; Pradnya Nikhade; Manoj Chandak; Anuja Ikhar; Nidhi Motwani; Meghana Deshpande; Madhulika Chandak
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14410

Introduction - The primary objective of root canal therapy is reduction of the bacteria in the root canal. Theeffective debridement depends on thorough cleaning and shaping of the complex root canal system. Chemicaldébridements can be optimally achieved using various irrigants and intracanal medicaments. The primaryirrigant of choice is Sodium Hypochlorite. It has excellent tissue dissolving ability along with antibacterialproperty. The purpose of this review is to discuss the need to heat Sodium Hypochlorite, techniques to heatSodium Hypochlorite, effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on tissue dissolution, antibacterial efficacy, penetrationinto dentinal tubules, viscosity, and effect on Ni-Ti alloy and temperature rise on external surface of root.Method- An electronic search was carried out using the certain keywords: “sodium hypochlorite”, “heatedsodium hypochlorite”, “prewarmed sodium hypochlorite”, “intracanal heating of sodium hypochlorite”, tocollect literature available on Heat treatment of Sodium hypochlorite.Result- Fourty One articles published between 1936-2020 were selected. Four main categories of data werehighlighted: Sodium Hypochlorite and Heat, the need to heat Sodium Hypochlorite, different techniques toHeat Sodium Hypochlorite, effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on various parameters.Conclusion- The efficacy of lower concentration of sodium hypochlorite can be effectively enhanced byincreasing its temperature. It enhance the pulp dissolution, antibacterial efficacy and flow without anyadverse effect on periodontal ligament or outer surface of the root.

Addressing Mental Health Issues During COVID -19 Pandemic Savita Pohekar; Arti Raut; Vaishali Tembhare; Sheetal Sakharkar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14411

Objectives: analyzing psychological issues due to covid 19 and emphasizing psychological copingmechanisms.Method: International journals found in two electronic databases were used to identify studies with largecirculation: Scopus and Embase.Findings: The present epidemic in Wuhan (China) triggered by the pandemic COVID-19, corona virusinfection on human sites around the world, has a major impact on global health and mental health. Inaddition, given all instruments used to battle virus spread, additional strategies for addressing the mentalhealth balance in India are needed. The general issues of mental health are growing, COVID-19 patientstainted, near contacts, older citizens, kids and health staff. Most health professionals who work in isolationunits and hospitals are not trained on mental health. The consequence of mass quarantine seems more likelyto be fear.

To Assess the Effectiveness of Video-Assisted Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Lifestyle Modifications and Drug Regimen in Postoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patients Attending OPD Savita Pohekar; Seema Singh; Samruddhi Gujar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14412

Background:In patients suffering from coronary heart disease ( CHD) after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG), non-adherence to dietary guidelines, exercise, and prescription medication regimens is a majorhealth care concern worldwide. Aim of the Study:To assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teachingon adherence to lifestyle modifications and drug regimen among postoperative coronary artery bypassgraft (CABG) patients attending the outpatient department. Objectives:1. Assess the knowledge regardinglifestyle modifications and drugregimen among post-operative CABG patients attending OPD.2. Evaluatethe effectiveness of video-assisted teaching on knowledge regarding lifestyle modifications and drugregimenamong post-operative CABG patients attending cardiac and medicine OPD.3. Associate post-test knowledgescore with selected demographic variables of CABG patients. Material and Methods: A hospital-basedinterventional study was used one group pre-test and post-test study design with a Quantitative researchapproach. This study was conducted among 100postoperative CABGattending outpatient departments ofthe age group from 55 years to 70 and above in Wardha city of Maharashtra state. The demographic datasuch asage, sex, educational status, monthly income, dietary pattern and duration after CABGalong with30 knowledge questionnaire regarding lifestyle modifications and drugregimen in postoperativecoronaryartery bypass graftwas obtained using a structured pre-tested questionnaire.Data collected were enteredinto the Microsoft Excel sheet. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Frequencies andpercentages were presented for categorical variables. Result: The pre-test findings show that 0-20%had apoor level of knowledge,21-40%had average knowledge,41-60% had good knowledge,61-80 % had verygood knowledge. Aftervideo-assistedteaching the post-test scorewas26-50%had average knowledge,51-75%had good knowledgeand76-100 %had very good knowledge, thus it shows that after post-test the knowledgescore was increased, applied to find the efficacy of video-assisted teaching’t’ test was applied and’t’ valuewas calculated, The post-test score was considerably higher at 0.05 level than that of pretest score. Hence itindicates that video-assistedefficient teaching.Conclusion:In general, knowledge of lifestyle changes and drug regimen in post-operative patients(CABG) has been average in the pretest and after video-assisted knowledge of adherence to drug regimenand regulation of lifestyle factors like high fat, high cholesterol diet, obesity, smoking and lack of regularexercise has been increased and understanding of the disease dimension has therefore been generated.

The Effectiveness of Breathing Exercises on the Physiological and Psychological Variables of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Shakuntala; Jaspreet Kaur; Monisha.K.Masih; Jyoti Sarin
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14413

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of breathing exercises on physiological and psychological variables of patientswith pulmonary tuberculosis in selected hospital at Ambala, Haryana.TB is a 7th killer disease in the world and one of the top 10 causes of death. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is aninfection, which causes widespread pulmonary fibrosis and cavitation, and often leaves the patient with a chronicrespiratory deficit as a result.Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of breathing exercises on physiologicaland psychological variables of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Material and Methods: A quasi experimental design using non-equivalent control group pretest- posttest designwas conducted on 110 pulmonary tuberculosis patients (55 in comparison group and 55 in experimental group) inDOTS center of UPHC RavidasMajriInderpuri colonyAmbala city, UPHC Baldev NagarAmbala city, UPHC DurgaNagar Ambala city and CHC Mullana. The dependent variables were physiological variables (dyspnea, spo2, heartrate, respiratory rate) and psychological variables (anxiety, quality of life). Pretest was taken in UPHC Durga NagarAmbala city and CHC Mullana on day 1 and posttest was taken inUPHC RavidasMajriInderpuri colonyAmbala cityand UPHC Baldev NagarAmbala cityon day 30. In experimental group, breathing exercises were administered by theresearcher two times a week. Each session was of 30 minutes including 4 breathing exercises (pursed lip breathingexercise, diaphragmatic breathing exercise, deep breathing exercise and segmental breathing exercise) and eachexercise was performed for 6-8 times. Other days patients were estimated to perform breathing exercises themselvesat home and on day 30, posttest was taken.Results: Both the groups were homogenous with respect to physiological and psychological variables before theadministration of breathing exercises. On day 30, the mean dyspnea score and anxiety score of experimental groupwas significantly lower than comparison group (p<0.05). The quality of life of patients in experimental group wassignificantly better than comparison group at day 30.Conclusion:Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that breathing exercises are effective in reducingthe dyspnea, anxiety, HR and RR. Breathing exercises are effective in improving theO2saturation, blood pressure andquality of life among pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Dermatoglyphic Patterns of the Medical Students and their Parents in Jammu Region of North India Shalika Sharma; Koushal Kumar; Vanita Gupta
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14414

Background and Aims: Fingerprints have a general flow to the ridges that translates into three major pattern types;a whorl, loop, or arch. Pattern types are considered to be genetically inherited, but the individual details that makefingerprint unique are not. This descriptive study was conducted to differentiate the fingerprint patterns of MBBSstudents to their parents and to look for the uniqueness of fingerprint patterns in these medical graduates.Methods: To do this study, all ten fingerprints were examined from hundred first-year MBBS students of AcharyaShri Chander College Of Medical Sciences in the Jammu region of north India over 6 months from September 2019to February 2020 along with their two biological parents. Rolled fingerprints were obtained by carbon ink in all 300subjects divided into three groups(fathers, mothers, and students). Fingerprint patterns were examined by magnifyingglass under the supervision of a forensic expert of our institute and classified as loops, whorls, or arches.Results: The most frequent fingerprint pattern in all 3000 fingers examined is the loop pattern, which represents64.8%, followed by whorl pattern 30.8% and the least frequent pattern is arch(4.3%).these results were almost similarin medical graduates fingerprints patterns(loops 63.7%,whorls32.5% and arches 3.8%)indicating no difference fromother groups. Students show similar fingerprint patterns with those of their father’s fingers in 659 fingers, 468 asmatching loop patterns, 187 as a whorl, and 4 arch pattern types and the percent of similarity was 65.9% withhigher similarity in the RL 76% and LL72% fingers. Students show similar fingerprint patterns as that of theirmother in 685 fingers, 500 as matching loop patterns, 183 as a whorl, and 2 arch pattern types and the percent ofsimilarity was 68.5% with higher similarity in the RT78% and RL finger 78%. Fathers and mothers groups unrelatedgenetically when observed among themselves for similarity in fingerprint pattern showed similarity in 584 fingers,455 as matching loop patterns, 125 as a whorl, and 4 arch pattern types and the percent of similarity was 58.4% withhigher similarity in the LL77% and RL73% fingers.The statistical analysis for similarity correlation between students’ and fathers’ fingerprints shows a non-significantp-value found in the right index, left index, left middle, and left little fingers while other fingers show a significantp-value. Similarity correlation between students and mother shows a non-significant p-value found in the rightmiddle, left thumb, left index, left middle, and left little fingers while other fingers show a significant p-value.Similarity correlation between father and mother showed no significant correlation in all fingers except in the LLfinger, and negative correlation in RT, RM, and LM fingers.Conclusions: We concluded that the most common fingerprint pattern is the loop followed by whorl then archin MBBS graduates of our institute along with their parents. Moreover, the present study showed that fingerprintpatterns do not 100% match one of the parents; nevertheless, there is a similarity between offspring and their parents.

A Descriptive Study to Assess the Self-care Attitude and Practice among Nurses from Selected Hospitals of Pune City Sharadha Ramesh; Poonam Yadav; Shruti Dhabhade
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14415

Introduction: To learn Healthy coping strategy should be a part of self-care development for the nursingstaff and the student nurses. It will encourage health and is also a fundamental value for the scopeand standard of practice. The attitude of all the nursing different some are favorable and some are notfavorable towards the positive attitude for the self-care. Some also denote that the attitude should bepositive or negative. Attitude is one the essential part for nursing education7,5,3. Objectives of the Study:1.To assess the self-care attitude among nurses from selected hospitals of Pune City.2. To assess the self-carepractice among nurses from selected hospitals of Pune City. Methodology: Quantitative research approachwas adopted for this study to accomplish the objectives of the study. Result: The analysis of the studysuggests that nurses have positive attitude about their self-care in regards to spiritual wellness, Mentalwellness, Emotional wellness, Nutritional wellness, Social wellness, Intellectual wellness,Physical wellness.But the practice regarding the self-care is very poor among nurses .which an important point to note andthe researcher suggest that there should be proper awareness and practice regrading self-care among nurses.

A Exploratory Study to Assess the Food Choices among College Students of Pune City Sharadha Ramesh; Poonam Yadav; Shruti Dabhade
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14416

Introduction: Students studying in college make poor dietary choices which causes significant healthproblems to their health. Various students have their meals in the dining facilities of college were theyhave limited healthy food options.1,2,3 If the students will not gain the adequate nutritional on daily basisthis will be effect there academic and physical performance. The purpose of this study was to identify thefood choices opted by the college students. Objectives of the Study: To assess the food choices amongcollege students of Pune City.2. To associate the selected demographic variables with the food choicesamong college students of Pune City. Methodology: Quantitative research approach was adopted for thisstudy to accomplish the objectives of the study. In this study, Non-experimental Descriptive survey designwas used. The investigator conducted the study in urban area of Pune City. In the present study, the collegestudents of Pune City. Who fulfilled the inclusive criteria were the samples. The sample size was 221.Result: The result of the above study reveals that the college students have and habit of consuming fastfood during their lunch meal. During breakfast most of them take beverages and do not prefer fast food andmajority of them almost take the full meal .It can be identified that they eat only one health meal duringtheir dinner which is not enough for the students to fulfill their nutritional requirement of the day. Manystudents eat fast food and also there consumption of fast food was also very high and most of them eat thisfast food during their lunch meal which is not good for their health. Future research and awareness shouldbe created among college students to make them aware about the healthy eating habits and food which canbe implemented in their diet in daily meals

Molecular Identification of epsA and ompA genes for Acintobacter baumannii Isolated from Burn Wounds Shaymaa Mohsin Shareef; Mohsan Hashim Risan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14418

This study was designed to molecular detection of epsA and ompA genes for Acinetobacter baumanniiIsolates that isolated from clinical. Burn wounds samples from a total of 80 clinical different Wounds,samples were collected from Ghazi Al Hariri Hospital and Baghdad hospital in Baghdad / Iraq. The resultsof the current study showed that seventy (87.5%) were clinical wounds positive samples, while the rest (10)were negative wounds samples (12.5 %). From 70 samples inoculated on the Chromagar Acinetobacter, 10isolate were grown on the medium, A. baumannii isolates on the Chromagar appeared as bright red coloniesafter 24h and incubation at 37 C . The results of epsA and ompA genes detection clarify that 8 isolate(80%) of A. baumannii isolates gave a positive result and carrying epsA and ompA genes while 2 (20%) ofAcintobacter baumannii isolates were lack the gene and no cross reactivity could be observed with any ofthe AS-3 and AS-9 isolates. The identification of A. baumannii isolates were depended on culturing theseisolates on CHROM agar Acinetobacter, MacConkey, blood, nutrient agar, biochemical tests and API NE 20test VITEK 2 . Compact were carried out the confirms. Results showed the amplification of epsA and ompAgenes for eight. A. baumannii isolates were AS-1, AS-2, AS-4, AS-5, AS-6, AS-7, AS-8 and AS-10. PCRproduct 531 bp of ompA gene and 451 bp of epsA gene.

Assess the Effectiveness of Self-Instruction Module on Knowledge Regarding Nipah Virus Infection and Its Prevention among General Population Sheetal Sakharkar; Samrudhi Gujar; Ruchira Ankar; Ranjana Sharma; Savita Pohekar; Arati Raut
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14419

Introduction: NipahVirus infection is a newly appear animal disease that develop a serious disease in bothanimal group and human being. NiV is a contagious agent which develops the serious illnesses by the Nipah(genus Henipavirus). NiV may be spread from animal (e.g. bats or pigs) or infected foodstuffs to man andmay also be spread directly from mans to mans. Case mortality levels are reported at 40% to 75%, based onepidemiological monitoring and clinical intervention. This incidence can vary by epidemic. A self-instructionmodule on knowledge regarding Nipah virus infection and its prevention among general population helps toimprove and update the knowledge regarding Nipah virus infection. Hence the investigator felt the need todevelop a self instruction module for preventing Nipah virus infection.Aim: To determine the effectiveness of self instruction module on knowledge regarding Nipah virus infectionand its prevention among general population.Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used to conduct this study. Nonprobability convenient sampling technique used to collect data from general population on the basis ofstructured knowledge questioner. After collecting pretest data, self-instructional module was given forintervention on knowledge regarding Nipah virus infection and its prevention among general population.Seven days were given to the samples for utilizing self instructional module which was organized for 45-50 minutes. Post-test information was gathered after seven days from the day of intervention. The samplecharacteristics were described by frequency, percentage and t-test was used to describe the differencebetween pre-test and post-test knowledge score. Chi-square test was also used to find out the associationbetween knowledge of general population regarding Nipah virus infection and its prevention with selecteddemographic variables.Result: The findings showed that in pretest 112 (93.33 %) general population had average knowledge,08(6.67%) general population had good knowledge, whereas post test 7(5.8 %) had good knowledge, 113(94.17%) had excellent knowledge.Conclusion: Nipah Virus is a newly emerging animal disease that leads to a serious disease in both animalsand humans. Nipah virus may be transmitted to mans from animals (e.g. bats or pigs) or infected foods, andmay also be transmitted directly from mans to mans so as this intervention will helpful to aware the generalpopulation to prevent Nipah virus infection and its complication.

Malpractice as a Leading Cause to Maternal Mortality in Egypt: A Postmortem Statistical Study Sherine S.Ghaleb; Magdy A. Kharoshah; Hisham N.Barakat; Hebat Allah A.Amin; Fadwa A. Elroby
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14420

Background: Maternal deaths are quite common tragic event in developing countries where the main sourceof information on the causes of maternal death is clinical records and autopsies. Knowledge about the causesof these deaths are scarce in Egypt. Efforts to reduce maternal mortality in Egypt are mostly not driven byevidence. This autopsy study was performed to assess the cause of maternal mortality including malpractice,thus providing information which plays an important role in improving clinical practice in Egypt.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted at the Egyptian Forensic Authority (EFMA) ina 5-years perios between January 2008 and December 2012 to investigate maternal mortality cases allegedto be due to malpractice.Results:. The total number of maternal deaths was 114 cases. The majority of cases (n=90, 79.0%) werenegative concerning malpractice. Twenty-four deaths (21%) can be attributed to malpractice; 16 due tosurgeon faults and 8 anesthesia-related deaths. The main cause of death was obstetric hemorrhage (n=46)followed by respiratory failure (n=30). Out of the 24 cases, 19 were proved to be due to negligence inthe form of late intervention, improper preparation, unmanaged complication and unauthorized place ofmanagement.Conclusion: Malpractice causes nearly one-fifth of alleged maternal deaths; the most frequenct type ofwhich is negligence. Surgeon errors were double anesthesia related deaths. Hemorrhage was the mostcommon cause of death in malpractice as well as incidental deaths. Quality of obstetric care in Egypt needsfurther improvement in the aspects of health facilities and care providers.

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Masriadi

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arimasriadi@gmail.com

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