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Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia

jfiti
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 02157950 EISSN : 23392479 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia (JFI) is an official publication owned by the Indonesian Phytopathology Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia). In 2010, JFI management was given to PFI Komda Bogor. Since then, JFI has been published 6 times (January, March, May, July, September, and November).

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Articles 412 Documents

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Identifikasi Spesies Meloidogyne pada Wortel berdasarkan Sikuen Nukleotida Halimah Halimah; Supramana Supramana; Gede Suastika
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., were reported as the cause of carrot branched tuber on several vegetable production areas in Central and East Java. Species identification by molecular approach was conducted using infected carrot tubers from Agropolitan Cianjur, West Java. DNA was extracted from female nematodes and amplified using PCR with species specific primers (Fjav/Rjav for M. javanica, Far/Rar for M. arenaria, and Finc/Rinc for M. incognita) and multiplex primer (M. hapla, M. chitwoodi, and M. fallax). PCR product were sequenced without cloning. Based on nucleotide sequences, two species RKN were found associated with branched tuber disease of carrot in Agropolitan Cianjur, i.e M. javanica and M. hapla. Phylogenetic analysis showed that M. javanica from Cianjur was closely related to RKN from China with the homology level of 91.9%, whereas nucleotide sequence of M. hapla from Cianjur had high homology level (99.4% to 100%) with isolates from Swiss, USA, UK, and China.Key words: Meloidogyne hapla, M. javanica, phylogenetic, root-knot nematode

Kemampuan Aktinomiset Menghambat Pertumbuhan Sclerotium rolfsii dan Pembiakannya pada Medium Serbuk Gergaji Nurul Widyanti; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Antagonistics microorganisms, such as actinomycetes, are potential biological control agents for plant diseases. Mass culture of actinomycetes to provide enough inoculum for field application is sometimes costly. Therefore alternative medium with simple preparation and relatively less costly is required for mass culture of actinomycetes. This research was conducted to evaluate the ability of 4 actinomycetes isolates, i.e. APS 7, APS 9, APS 12, and ATS 5, in suppressing growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro and to assess the growth of actinomycetes in alternatif medium containing organic wastes, i.e sawdust and bran. Among 4 tested isolates of actinomycetes only APS 7 showed its potency as biocontrol agents for S. rolfsii with growth suppression rate of 91.73% after 3 weeks incubation. In general, both sawdust and bran has the potency as culture medium for APS 7. After 8 weeks incubation period the average population of actinomycetes grew in culture medium containing sawdust and bran was 335 x 106 cfu/g and 331 x 106 cfu/g, respectively.Key words: biocontrol agents, bran, organic waste

Pengendalian Penyakit Hawar Daun Phytophthora pada Bibit Kakao dengan Trichoderma asperellum Asti Irawanti Azis; Ade Rosmana; Vien Sartika Dewi
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Phytophthora leaf blight caused by Phytophthora palmivora is one constraint in cacao seedling in Indonesia. Generally, synthetic fungicides were applied to control this disease but its negative impact is becoming obvious recently. Research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of two Trichoderma asperellum isolates, ARBT-1 and ART-4, to suppress disease development. The two isolates were applied through seed treatment with spore concentrations of 104 mL-1, 105 mL-1, and 106 mL-1. The results showed that disease incidence on seedling treated with different spore concentrations of ARBT-1 was 39.0%, 23.6%, and 21.8%, respectively and those with ART-4 was 30.6%, 25.7%, and 30.8%, respectively, whereas disease incidence reached 90.3% for control at 21 days after inoculation of the pathogen. Observations on cocoa leaf tissues showed that the two isolates were found in leaf tissue, indicating that T. asperellum is an endophyte.Key words: antagonistic fungi, seedling, seed treatment

Penularan Fitoplasma Sapu pada Tanaman Kacang Tanah oleh Serangga Vektor Orosius argentatus dan Deteksi Molekuler dengan Teknik PCR Tatit Sastrini; Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Witches’ broom disease caused by phytoplasma is a very serious disease on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) which may potentially lead to high yield loss. Insects are the most important agents of phytoplasma transmission in the field. The objective of this research was to examine the potential role of leafhoppers species as insect vector of phytoplasma and to determine their transmission characteristic. Two species of leafhopper i.e. O. argentatus and Empoasca sp. (both belong to Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were chosen for this study. The methodology involved were transmission study of phytoplasma by O. argentatus and Empoasca sp., and molecular detection of phytoplasma by PCR technique to confirm the association of pathogen, insect vector and symptomatic plants. The result showed that specific symptom was observed when using O. argentatus in the transmission study with number of insect as low as 1 insect per plant, whereas Empoasca sp. was not able to transmit the disease. Incubation period of phytoplasma in the host plant was affected by the number of insect, i.e. the more insect vector the shortest incubation period. The phytoplasma was successfully detected using P1/P7 primer in symptomatic plants as well as in the insect vector.Key words: Empoasca sp., leafhoppers, polymerase chain reaction

Keragaman Komunitas Fitonematoda pada Sayuran Lahan Monokultur dan Polikultur di Sumatera Barat Amallia Rosya; Winarto Winarto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 9 No 3 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Plant parasitic nematodes can cause crop losses in celery. Parasitic nematodes that infect celery are Helicotylenchus spp., Trichodorus, Longidorus, Xiphinema and Meloidogyne spp Cropping pattern becomes part of the factors that influence the presence of plant parasitic nematodes in celery. Field obervation was conducted in celery growing areas to study the diversity and abundance of parasitic nematodes from monoculture and polyculture cropping system. Seven genus of nematodes, i.e. Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Tylenchorhinchus, Tylenchulus, Xiphinema, and two nonparasitic nematode were identified from polyculture cropping system, whereas 4 genus were found from monoculture cropping system i.e. Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Tylenchulus and Trichodorus. Genus with high abundance in polyculture cropping pattern was Xiphinema and Meloidogyne however Trichodorus was not found. Genus with a high abundance in monoculture was Meloidogyen and Xiphinema was not found. The genus most frequently found was Meloidogyne in polyculture and Xiphinema in monoculture.

Virulensi Isolat Rice tungro virus dari Beberapa Daerah Endemis Tungro di Indonesia Suprihanto Suprihanto; Endang Nurhayati; Jumanto Harjosudarmo
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

The research was conducted to distinguish the virulence of Rice tungro virus (RTV) isolates from several tungro disease endemic areas in Indonesia based on their response in differential cultivars of rice. Eight isolates of RTV were collected from several tungro endemic regions in Indonesia i.e. Bali (Denpasar), South Kalimantan (Tanah Laut), South Sulawesi (Lanrang), West Java (Subang and Bogor), Central Java (Solo), East Java (Jember), and West Nusa Tenggara (Mataram). The isolates were maintained on TN1 rice cultivar in greenhouse by successive transfers via Nephotettix virescens. Each isolate was subsequently passed on to FK135 and TN1 rice cultivars. Four week after inoculation, plants responses were observed to compare their symptom and infectivity on the differential cultivars. The results showed that the level of virulence of RTV isolate from tungro disease endemic areas in Indonesia can be classified into 3 levels. The highest virulence were RTV isolates from West Jawa, the moderate level of virulence were RTV isolates from East Java, South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, and West Nusa Tenggara, the low level of virulence were RTV isolates from Bali and Central Java.Key words: differential cultivar, Nephotettix virescens, rice, tungro diseases

Kualitas Fisik, Populasi Aspergillus flavus, dan Kandungan Aflatoksin B1 pada Biji Kacang Tanah Mentah Okky Setyawati Dharmaputra; Santi Ambarwati1; Ina Retnowati; Amanda Windyarani
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 9 No 4 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

The objective of this study was to investigate the physical quality, Aspergillus flavus population and aflatoxin B1 content of raw peanut kernels collected from retailers in two traditional markets (pasar Anyar and pasar Bogor) in the city of Bogor in August 2009. The number of samples collected from pasar Anyar and pasar Bogor was 14 and 12, respectively. Physical quality of kernels was determined based on the percentage of intact, shriveled and damaged kernels. Damaged kernels consisted of broken and damaged kernels caused by insect or fungal attack. Aspergillus flavus population was determined using serial dilution method followed by pour plating method on aspergillus flavus and parasiticus agar. Aflatoxin B1 content was determined using thin layer chromatography method. The results showed, that the mean of percentage of intact, shriveled and damaged kernels of peanuts collected from pasar Anyar was 70.6, 12.3 and 17.1%, respectively; while that of collected from pasar Bogor was 60.2, 12.7 and 27.1%, respectively. The mean of A. flavus populations in peanuts collected from pasar Anyar and pasar Bogor was 8194 cfu g-1 and 983 cfu g-1, respectively. The mean of aflatoxin B1 content in peanuts collected from pasar Anyar and pasar Bogor was 2.0 ppb and 91.4 ppb, respectively. The percentage of peanut samples containing aflatoxin B1 more than 15 ppb and collected from pasar Anyar and pasar Bogor was 7.1% and 25%, respectively.

Laju Infeksi Ganoderma pada Empat Kelas Tekstur Tanah Agus Susanto; Agus Eko Prasetyo; Sri Wening
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 9 No 2 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Basal stem rot disease caused by Ganoderma is the most destructive disease in oil palm plantation in Indonesia. Development of this disease is faster and heavier in nutrient poor soils, such as sandy soil. The objective of this research is to study and quantitatively measure the infection rate of Ganoderma disease in sandy soil. The treatments consisted of five different mixtures of mineral soil (M) and sand (P) i.e: A (100% M–0% P), B (75% M-25% P), C (50% M-50% P), D (25% M-75% P), and E (0% M-100% P). Physical, chemical, and biological properties of each soil mixture treatment were analyzed. Soil texture can be differentiated into sandy clay loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, sand for treatmen A, B, C, D, E, respectively. Sandy soil medium had less microorganism population (< 1 × 106 cfu g-1soil) than sandy clay loam which microrganism population was 3 × 106 cfu g-1 soil. The infection rate of Ganoderma in sandy soils was 1.77–1.83 palm per month per 100 palms. Infection rate of Ganoderma in sandy soil was faster and higher than those in loamy soilKey words: basal stem rot, oil plam, sandy soil

Deteksi dan Identifikasi Virus pada Umbi Bawang Merah Arif Kurniawan; Gede Suastika
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 9 No 2 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Shallot is an important horticultural crop in Indonesia. One of it’s production constraint is viral disease. Dispersal of viruses on shallots may occurre through shallots bulb trading. However, there is not much information regarding viruses infecting shallot bulbs. Laboratory study was conducted to detect and identify viruses associated with shallot. Random sampling was done for several varieties of shallots (Jawa, Biru, Nganjuk, and Brebes varieties) collected from Bantul Districs. Virus detection and identification was based on RT-PCR using specific primer of OYDV, SYSV, SLV, and ShVX followed by sequencing of the nucleotides. RT-PCR was only successfully amplified Shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV) with size ~749 bp, while other viruses were not detected. Disease incidence of SYSV on Java and Brebes varieties were 60% and 53.3% respectively. Nucleotide sequences of SYSV CP gene showed the highest homology to SYSV from China and South Korea.Key words: RT-PCR, sequencing nucleotides, Shallot yellow stripe virus

Potensi Minyak Atsiri untuk Mengendalikan Potyvirus pada Tanaman Nilam Maya Mariana; Rita Noveriza
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 9 No 2 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

One of the problems in the cultivation of patchouli is a mosaic disease caused by viruses. The dominant virus causing mosaic disease on patchouli plant belongs to Potyvirus group. Mosaic disease has spread throughout the central patchouli production in Java and Sumatra which can lower the wet herb, dried herb, oil and patchouli alcohol levels. The active contain of essential oils are reported as anti virus such as β - caryphyllene, thymol, carvacrol, caryophyllene oxide, sabinene, linalool, linaly acetate, carvone and geraniol. The research aims to determine the potential and concentration of essential oils that can suppress Potyvirus. The research used essential oil from clove and citronella. Oil was sprayed onto the leaves surface and left for 24 hr, then sap from Potyvirus infected plant was mechanically inoculated. Citronella oil concentration of 1.2 % have less number of lesions compared to the other treatments on the third day after inoculation. The percentage inhibition of citronella oil to Potyvirus on 1.2 % concentration reached 89.78 %. This showed that citronella oil has potential to suppress the development of Potyvirus in patchouli plant.Key words: antiviral, citronella oil, clove, mosaic disease

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