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Lowland Technology International
Published by International Association of Lowland Technology
ISSN : 13449656     EISSN : 21878870     DOI : https://doi.org/10.0001/ialt_lti
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation
The Lowland Technology International Journal presents activity and research developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Structural Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Urban Planning, Coastal Engineering, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 463 Documents
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UNCERTAINTY OF EMPIRICAL PREDICTION MODEL FOR WALL DEFLECTION OF DEEP EXCAVATION IN SHANGHAI SOILS H.J. Fan; L.L. Zhang; J. H. Wang
Lowland Technology International Vol 13 No 1, June (2011)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Empirical and semiempirical methods are simple models for estimating the maximum wall deflection induced by an excavation by practicing engineers for preliminary design. Various factors, such as excavation geometry, wall stiffness, strut spacing, ground condition, dewatering, etc, may affect deformation behavior of an excavation. It is impossible and not practical to incorporate all these factors in a prediction model for excavation-induced wall deflection. Hence, the prediction model of wall deflection is subject to model uncertainty, which is necessary to be quantified. In this paper, a database of 25 well-documented case histories of braced excavations in Shanghai is established. The model uncertainties of two semiempirical models for wall deflection, i.e., the KJHH model (Kung et al. 2007) and the C&O method (Clough and O’Rourke 1990) are quantified using the Bayesian updating approach. A model bias factor is defined as the ratio of the observed maximum wall deflection over the estimated value by the prediction model. With the information of the case histories, the uncertainty of the model bias factor is reduced. It is found that the posterior mean of the bias factor of the KJHH model is closer to 1.0 than that of C&O method and the uncertainty of the KJHH model is smaller than that of C&O method. Keywords
A CASE STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF SOIL-NAIL SUPPORTED DEEP MIXED WALL IN THE SOFT DEPOSIT OF SHANGHAI L. Ma; S. L. Shen; Y. J. Du; W. J. Sun
Lowland Technology International Vol 13 No 2, Dec (2011)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

This paper presents a case study of an excavation retained by soil-nail supported deep mixed (DM) wall (DMSNW) in soft deposit of Shanghai, China. The soft deposit in Shanghai is Quaternary sediment with silt content over 50% and clay content of about 40%. The strength of this deposit is very low and the sensitivity is very high. In order to retain the excavation in the soft deposit, soil-nail supported DM wall is generally adopted when the excavation depth is less than 6 m. This paper presents an investigation on the interaction mechanism between nail and surrounding soil through a field case. A two-dimension finite element method (2D-FEM) was conducted. The effectiveness of 2DFEM is verified via comparing calculated DM wall displacement with the field measured value. Based on the FEM result, the importance of four key design factors, e.g. nail length, nail spacing, thickness of DM wall, and stiffness of DM wall, are discussed. The results indicate that FEM analysis is an efficient way to predict the displacement and internal force of nails. Finally, a design chart is proposed for the soil-nail supported DM wall used in excavation practice.
SPATIAL INFLUENCE ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN OPEN SPACE USING THE ENTROPY METHOD: A CASE STUDY OF CAMPUS COMMUNITIES IN HANGZHOU CITY, CHINA J. R. Shi; X. M. Zhao; H. Liu; K. Hokao; Z. Wang; J. Ge
Lowland Technology International Vol 13 No 2, Dec (2011)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The rapid urbanization of Chinese cities has been resulting to the degradation of urban residential environments. As a representative of green areas, residential open spaces play key roles to balance the needs for both conservation and development. Traditional ways to observe resident’s behavior mode only by calculating the absolute population count is not perfect. In order to achieve the goal of public benefits, this study attempts to develop traditional behavior approaches to establish an unconventional determinant factor to enable the examination of temporal regulation, spatial distribution and activity category of residents’ behavior through the Behavior Entropy Index (BEI). Through this study, the author hopes to provide recommendations to interrelate the local view into planning process. The data was collected in 6 different residential areas and 4 campuses in Hangzhou. In sum, the result obtained from the study aiming to not only satisfy residents’ desire of the improvement of open space but also bring to professional’s attention by examining the diversity of user’s behavior in the context of residential open space utilization and finding out physical factors which influence their satisfaction and behavior. The samples can be hopefully extended to reasonably represent the overall situation of Yangtze River Delta and provide a valuable reference for other regions of China.
DEVELOPMENT OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION TO SONGKHLA LAKE BASIN S. Yoyrurob; W. Liengcharernsit
Lowland Technology International Vol 13 No 2, Dec (2011)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

In the past few decades, rapid population growth in Thailand has resulted in excess utilization of natural resources and degradation of environmental quality. Deforestation in sloping areas for agricultural and residential purposes has resulted in soil erosion from deforested areas with subsequent sediment transport and deposition in receiving water bodies. In order to evaluate the significance of this problem, a mathematical model is developed to simulate sediment transport phenomena in a receiving water body. In model development, total sediment transport is classified as bedload transport and suspended load transport, which result in two interrelated transport models. Threedimensional mass balance equation is used as a basic governing equation for suspended load transport model, whereas two-dimensional mass balance equation is used as a basic governing equation for the bedload transport model. The finite element method is used to solve these governing equations. Since sediment grain size and specific gravity are important factors affecting sediment transport either in the form of bedload or suspended load, the simulation models are developed for each group of sediment grain size and specific gravity, and then the simulated sediment concentrations of various groups are combined to obtain spatial distribution of total sediment concentrations at each time step. The inflow sediment along the boundary of water body is classified into corresponding groups based on their grain size and specific gravity. The developed model is applied to simulate sediment transport pattern in Songkhla Lake which is one of the most important water resources in Southern Thailand.
THE QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ON 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMILARITY OF URBAN TEXTURE N. C. Xiang; B. F. Ting; C. L. Xiaojun; D. L. Jing
Lowland Technology International Vol 13 No 2, Dec (2011)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Urban texture represents the city’s characteristics abstractly. Based on the study of city in three dimensional orientations and the figure-ground relation theory, an evaluation system on the building form in the city has been set up by bringing forward the conception of regional 3-dimensional (3D) density, 3D similarity, 3D contrast and regional spatial complexity. This paper is about 3D similarity as a part of the research series. The evaluation system describes the morphological distribution and the differences of scale between buildings in 6 sample sites through rational analysis using qualitative figures and quantitative calculations, verifying the consistency of quantitative calculation and experience.
ON USE OF DYNAMIC PROBING IN SANDY SOILS H. Abuel-Naga; A. Bouazza; M. Holtrigter
Lowland Technology International Vol 13 No 2, Dec (2011)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The Dynamic Cone Penetration Tests (DCPT) is a rapid inexpensive field test that can be used to assess the compactness of soils. However, correlation between the results of DCPT and soil properties or any other trusted field test is not well established yet. In this paper, a General Method of Data Handling (GMDH) approach was utilized to investigate the correlation between Dynamic Probing Super Heavy (DPSH) and Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs) using test results obtained from an intensive site investigation study carried out on sandy soils in Egypt. Linking these two tests will enable DPSH to make use of well-established correlations between SPT and soil properties. The developed GMDH model indicates that the relation between the results of the two penetrometer tests is nonlinear for sandy soils and is a function of soil relative density and effective overburden pressure. The validity of the proposed correlation was verified using test results on sandy soils from different sites.
EVALUATING STABILITY OF RIVERBANKS REINFORCED WITH ROCKFILL COLUMNS W. F. Abdulrazaq; M. C. Alfaro; J. A. Blatz
Lowland Technology International Vol 12 No 2, Dec (2010)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

This paper presents the results of stability analysis of natural and stabilized riverbanks. Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) and Finite Element Method (FEM) were used in the analysis. In the FEM, two approaches were employed: 1) combined LEM and FEM, and 2) FEM with the shear strength reduction (SSR) technique. The limit equilibrium method and the finite element method of stability analysis produced similar calculated factor of safety values. This provides confidence that either method estimates similar factor of safety values for natural and stabilized riverbanks. Based on the FEM analysis, it was shown that the centre-to-centre spacing between columns plays a major role in increasing the factor of safety. The calculated maximum shear strain in the stabilized riverbanks is reduced with a closer spacing rows. This is important since lesser slope displacements are required to mobilize the necessary shear resistance for closer rockfill column spacing.
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CRUSHED ROCK BASE (CRB) UNDER REPEATED LOADS K. Siripun; P. Jitsangiam; H. Nikraz
Lowland Technology International Vol 12 No 2, Dec (2010)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

This paper aims to report the mechanical behavior of a crushed rock base (CRB) subjected to repeated loads from Repeated Loads Triaxial (RLT) test with various stress paths in order to improve more understanding of roads based materials on mechanistic-empirical pavement design and analysis. As is well known, pavement suface rutiing, longitudinal and alligator cracks are normally the main cause of damage in flexible pavements. Factors contributing to such damage are the excessive irreversible and reversible deformation of a base layer including the behavior of a mechanical response of CRB under traffic load is not well understood. In this study, the shakedown concept was utilized to describe and determine limited use of CRB subjected to different stress condition defined by the stress ratio (the ratio of vertical major stress, σ1 and a horizontal minor stress, σ3) in order to simulate the real condition of pavement. The study reports that CRB was defined the working stress ratio of 11 in pavement structure and will show rutting deterioration at the large number of load cycles after a stable state. Moreover, the mechanical responses were investigated and limit ranges of using CRB in pavements were determined.
PHOSPHORUS RECOVERY FROM WASTEWATER BY HYDROTALCITE AND ZEOLITE Y. Mishima; H. Araki
Lowland Technology International Vol 12 No 2, Dec (2010)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

A system using hydrotalcite and zeolite is developed for the recovery of phosphorus from wastewater having low phospate concetrations. As HT and Ze is independently used, redundant ion species are produced in a desorbing solution. As HT and Ze are used in combination, however, the opposite redundant ion species can be used to desorb PO43- and NH4+, respectively. Simply alkaline NaCl solution is used to desorb/regenerate HT/Ze. Moreover, desorbed substances can be recovered as magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) by the addition of Mg. In this paper, the desorption of PO43- and NH4+ from HT and Ze into a single desorbing solution and phosphorus recovery from the desorbing solutions as MAP are experimentally investigated. It is verified that the single desorbing solution can simultaneously desorb HT and Ze. Whereas 95% of phosphate was recovered from the desorbing soluition in which PO43- and NH4+ were accumulated, most of the recovered phosphorus was not MAP but Mg3(PO4)2 (MP). However, when the initial concentrations of PO43- and NH4+ in the desorbing solution increased, MAP was procuded rather easily and more than 90% of P was recovered. Further investigation into application for the practical plant is necessary.
REASONABLE MANAGEMENT INDEX IN FILL LOADING WITH VACUUM CONSOLIDATION METHOD BASED ON FEM ANALYSES M. Shahiduzzaman; Y. Tanabashi; H. Kawabata; Y. Jiang; S. Sugimoto
Lowland Technology International Vol 12 No 2, Dec (2010)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Vacuum consolidation method (VCM) is one of the recent methods being utilized for the improvement of soft ground. This method can forcibly drain pore water, and increase ground strength by loading with vacuum pressure. A fill loading with vacuum consolidation method (FLVCM) is reported to be able to control lateral displacement and upheaval of the surrounding area during rapid fill loading. However, the behavior of this combination of benefits on ground deformation is not fully clarified within FLVCM. Fill design and site management depends on experience with the technique. In this study, numerical simulation has been carried out by finite element method (FEM) for the quantitative evaluation of the deformation suppression effect of FLVCM on the soft grounds of Ariake clay in Japan. The utility of FLVCM was confirmed by comparison of observed and analytical ground deformation. In addition, numerical simulations have been carried out under various conditions of vacuum pre- and post-loading pressures and fill speeds. It looks as though a reasonable management index can be easily obtained by site measurement of deformation.

Page 22 of 47 | Total Record : 463

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