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Achmad Syafiuddin
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Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Campus B Jl. Raya Jemursari 51-57 60293 Surabaya, Indonesia etm@unusa.ac.id Indonesia 60237
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Environmental and Toxicology Management (ETM)
Published by Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya
ISSN : 27770338     EISSN : 27761886     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33086/etm
Core Subject : Health, Science, Social, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Environmental Science Public Health
Environmental and Toxicology Management is a peer-reviewed journal for the publication of original articles, short communication, review articles, and case studies on the fundamentals, applications, and management of environmental and toxicology. Environmental and Toxicology Management is published online with a frequency of three issues per year on April, August, and November. Besides that, special issues of Environmental and Toxicology Management will be published non-periodically from time to time.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Kesehatan, Toksikologi dan Mutasi Gen
Articles 78 Documents
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Characterization and morphological study of microbes in treated palm oil mill effluents Rosdi, Afiqah; Dahalan, Farrah Aini; Zhang Zhan, Loh; Babakhani, Peyman; Shams, Shahriar
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 2 No. 3 (2022): Environmental assessment and its benefits
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v2i3.3497

Abstract

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is wastewater generated by palm oil milling. Due to its extremely polluting qualities, it must be treated before being discharged into the water course. This study was aimed to evaluate the bacterial growth of raw and treated POME as well as identifying indigenous microorganisms by determining the morphological characteristics of bacteria that were found in the POME. The bacterial growth was identified by bacterial enumeration of colony forming units (CFU). Besides, the morphological identification of bacteria was determined by using gram staining. The results show the best bacterial growth curve is from serial dilution factor of 10-6 with a total of 2.24 x 10-6 CFU/mL in raw POME and optimum growth on day seven. While for the treated POME, the total is 1.97 x 10-6 CFU/mL and recorded the optimum growth on day ten of incubation. The growth curve indicates the number of colonies in raw POME is higher than treated POME. It concluded that treated POME still has the bacteria although it has been treated. Apart from that, from the morphological identification by gram staining, the bacteria were Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus. From a gram staining, this research obtained all gram positive in purple colour from the POME samples. Two of them in treated POME were in Bacillus shape while the other two from raw and treated POME were in coccus shape, respectively.
Analysis of the influence of environmental factors on the delay in the construction of Maluku traffic office service building Sohilait, Matheos; Maelissa, Nelda; Nur Rokhim, Imam; Ahmad Bhat, Sartaj
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 2 No. 3 (2022): Environmental assessment and its benefits
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v2i3.3555

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the factor of COVID-19 and environmental factors that affect the delay of building construction. The construction of the BPKB Service Building for the Traffic Directorate of the Maluku Regional Police in T.A 2020 was a project that spends a very large budget with a planned time of 150 days. Building construction was delayed up to 4 weeks. This building construction experienced a delay of 27.895\% of the work that had to be done. The method used is principal component analysis, which is multivariate and transforms correlated original variables into new uncorrelated variables by reducing the number of these variables so that they have smaller dimensions but can explain most of the diversity of the original variables. The results of the analysis of 25 respondents and 3 variables, namely: building tents to anticipate rain, good and harmonious relationships to prevent unexpected things from happening, and checking the location before making soft drawings.
Assessment of microbiological growth on surgical face mask Bin Amir, Adam; Aini Dahalan, Farrah; Anjarwati, Lutfiah; R. Kurniawan, Wildan
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 2 No. 3 (2022): Environmental assessment and its benefits
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v2i3.3557

Abstract

Wearing surgical face masks for a long time has a number of physiologic and psychological consequences, as well as the potential to reduce work efficiency. Physical side effects of long-term usage of surgical masks include headaches, trouble breathing, acne, skin breakdown, rashes, and reduced memory. It also obstructs eyesight, communication, and thermal balance. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of bacteria growth and type of bacteria morphology present on the face mask. Serial dilutions were used to calculate the concentration of microorganisms. As it would usually be impossible to actually count the number of microorganisms in a sample, the sample was diluted and plated to get a reasonable number of colonies to count. Since the dilution factor was known, the number of microorganisms Log CFU per mL was calculated. The CFU count results clarify the growth curve pattern of bacteria formed on agar plate surfaces and revealed some details of bacterial life after their adhesion onto surfaces in the presence of agar. This growth curve exhibited distinct phases: the lag phases, the exponential (log) phases, the stagnant phases and the dead phases. Gram staining and hanging drop method was used to identify the gram positive, gram negative and the bacteria morphology. This study provides insightful on the investigation of bacteria present on surgical face masks which is little available in literature.
Indoor air quality and the resident's health complaints after eruption of Mount Sinabung, Indonesia Tarigan, Yenni Gustiani; Ferusgel, Agnes; Kachingwe, Baxter Hepburn Kayinga
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 2 No. 3 (2022): Environmental assessment and its benefits
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v2i3.3462

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of exposure to indoor particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), CO2, RH, and temperature and to evaluate public health complaints due to volcanic ash after the eruption of Mount Sinabung. A correlation analytic was assessed with a cross sectional approach at Payung, Gurukinayan and Perbesi villages from April to July 2021. The level of particles (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), CO2, temperature and humidity were measured by the AS-LUNG type 0019 instrument, Academia Sinica, Taiwan. Respondents' health complaints were evaluated by interviewing respondents using questionnaires. The Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences levels of particles in the area zone. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to evaluate the effect between the concentrations of particulate matter exposure on respondents’ health complaints. The results showed that the mean concentration of exposure to PM1, PM2.5, PM10 in Perbesi and Gurukinayan villages was above maximum level required by Indonesia indoor air quality guideline No. 1077 while CO2 was still below the maximum level required. According bivariate test, there was a significant difference in particle concentration between three villages (p-value = 0.00) and in particle concentration between area zone (p-value = 0.00). The MANCOVA test showed that exposure to PM1, PM2.5, PM10, CO2, RH, and temperature has an effect on eye complaints (p-value <0.05), exposure to PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and RH (p-value <0.05) has an effect on respiratory complaints, and exposure to PM10 (p-value <0.05) has an effect on skin diseases.
Assessment of microbiological growth on biometric devices Mohd Nazri, Nur Nadrah Syamimi; Kalel Asmel, Nabel; Luiz Francisco Alves, José
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 2 No. 3 (2022): Environmental assessment and its benefits
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v2i3.3567

Abstract

Biometric devices are nowadays common in use for a variety of purposes. The current study aims to assess the bacteria growth on fingerprint scanners and morphological identification of the bacteria. The bacteria growth was determined through the colony forming units followed by morphological identification through hanging drop method and gram staining. The results showed the bacteria growth curve for dilution factor 10-6 showed the most accurate growth curve graph and was chosen for morphological identification. From morphological identification, the bacteria was observed for three days and from observation the bacteria’s growth moderately. Next, from gram staining method, the bacteria appeared reddish which mean its Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria are among the most significant public health problems in the world due to their high resistance to antibiotics so the recommendation is to change the use of biometric devices to more safe ways to avoid the spread of microorganisms in this pandemic era such as using online attendance system and using staff card. This study has been significant because it can confirm the existing of microorganisms on the surface of biometric devices as well as the types of the microbes by determining the bacteria growth and bacteria identification.
Health risk assessment for adult loei residents exposed to arsenic in water and food around an abandoned gold mine Hasan, MD Showket
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 2 No. 3 (2022): Environmental assessment and its benefits
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v2i3.3574

Abstract

This study assessed adult Loei residents’ health hazards of arsenic (As) exposure around an abandoned gold mine. Forty-five environmental samples were collected from 1, 5 and 10 km from the gold mine based on a survey of 371 random adults. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry determined total As in environmental samples following Thai regulatory limits. With that, a deductive approach was made to assess the health risks using United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines. As concentrations above the guidelines were found in river water (0.05- 0.09 mg/L), highest in 10 km, and below the guidelines were throughout in public water (0.001-0.006 mg/L), freshwater fish, shrimp and mussels (0.12-.017, 0.15-0.58 and 0.26-0.33 mg/kg, respectively), and rice in 1 km (0.02 mg/kg) but no As in vegetables and fruits. Hazard quotients (HQs) and cancer risks (CRs) of water for daily and agricultural use, and CRs of shrimp and mussels all over were below the guidelines (HQ: 1, CR: 10-6 - 10-4), where HQs and CRs of rice and freshwater fish, and HQs of shrimp and mussels in 5 km (18.0-34.9 year olds) were above the guidelines. The inhabitants are at risk of developing non-cancerous and cancerous diseases via food consumption but through water.
Phytoremediation of perfluorochemicals: A review of its advances, feasibility and limitations Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Environmental factors and their impacts
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i1.3724

Abstract

The detection of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) in various environmental compartments has raised attention and driven countermeasures to reduce their prevalence. Phytoremediation provides a feasible option for PFCs removal from the environment. Crops such as maize, carrots, lettuce, tomato and spinach have demonstrated the ability to phytoextract and phytoaccumulate PFCs. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of PFCs in plants widely vary with plant types, plant parts, the types of PFCs and the properties of soil. Maize straw for instance was shown to have a high BCF (35.23) for perfluorobutanoic acid in comparison to maize kernel with a BCF of only 0.229 for the same compound. Maize leaves have a BCF of 9.39 for perfluorohexane sulphonic acid and maize roots have a BCF of 8.82 for perfluorooctane sulphonic acid. Carrots were found to degrade fluorotelomers whereas silver birch and long beechfern are good accumulators of numerous PFCs. BCFs of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids are usually negatively correlated to the carbon chain lengths due to decreasing aqueous solubilities with increasing carbon chain lengths which impede root uptake of the compounds. PCFs phytoremediation is low cost, less energy intensive, operationally simple and environmentally friendly but has the drawbacks of inconsistent performance, long duration, and lacking evidence on mineralization of perfluoroalkyl substances. The use of non-crop plants for PFCs phytoremediation is promulgated due to concern of food wastage and the biomass generated from phytoremediating plants should ideally be suitable as feedstock for bioenergy production. This review contributes to further advancement of PFCs phytoremediation by addressing its current limitations.
Environmental factors influencing construction implementation from contractors’ perspective Maelissa, Nelda; Prihartanto, Eko; Ratnasari, Anisa
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Environmental factors and their impacts
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i1.4145

Abstract

To achieve the project’s goal, both internal and external organization influencing factors (construction industry) should be aware, particularly at the construction implementation level. The objective of this research is to identify the environmental factors that influence construction implementation from the contractor’s perspective as the main actors in the implementation of construction. The methodology used in this research was library research and surveys using questionnaires as data instruments. The analytical method used is principal component analysis, supported by the SPSS program. Based on the analysis results of the environmental factors that influence the construction implementation level using principle component analysis, the total class produced 15 main components and was capable of explaining the various data with a cumulative percentage of 85.672%. From the study results, it can be concluded that the company resource factor was the most influential factor compared with other factors.
Description of latrine sanitation conditions and pollution risk factors in Fatukona Village, Takari District, Kupang Regency Srihayu Takib, Efi; A.R Salmun, Johny; Sahdan, Mustakim
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Environmental factors and their impacts
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i1.4161

Abstract

Conclusion Cubluk latrines 115 KK, plengsengan 5 KK, and gooseneck 30 KK don’t meet health requirements. The conditions in Fatukona Village are all related to one main problem that until now has not been resolved, namely the problem of rural sanitation. The formulation of the problem in this study is How to Describe the Sanitary Conditions of Latrines and Risk Factors for Pollution in Fatukona Village,Takari District. The purpose of the study was to determine the sanitary condition of latrines and pollution risk factors in Fatukona Village, Takari District. The research method used is simple random sampling. The results showed that the condition of the latrine building in the cubluk latrine 84 KK plengsengan 1 KK did not meet the health requirements. The sanitary condition of the cubluk latrine floor is 115 households, 5 families and 25 families of gooseneck latrines don’t meet health requirements. The availability of infrastructure facilities in latrines at 115 families’ cubluk latrines, 4 families of plengsengan, and 29 families of gooseneck latrines don’t meet health requirements. Sanitation of fecal drain holes in cubluk latrines 107 families plengsengan 4 families don’t meet health requirements. Risk factors for high pollution in cubluk latrines 64 households, plengsengan 5 families, and Gooseneck 11 families. Conclusion Cubluk latrines 115 KK, plengsengan 5 KK, and gooseneck 30 KK do not meet health requirements.
Water pollution potential and management strategies of UTM skudai food courts greywater system : A questionnaire – based study Aiman Bin Ponniran, Muhammad; Zuhaili Bin Mohamed Najib, Mohamed
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Environmental factors and their impacts
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i1.4226

Abstract

Rapid urbanisation and population expansion in Malaysia have resulted to both an ever need for water use and an increase in water pollution. Supply of water in general, as well as water quality, is a key challenge in Malaysia. Lakes and reservoirs serve as residential, commercial, agricultural, navigational, hydroelectric, and recreational water supplies. As rivers provide 98 percent of the world’s water, river pollution is a serious issue as more rivers get contaminated. This study is focusing on the public awareness on the potential of the greywater discharge from the café and laundry to the nearest river at UTM Skudai. Generally, about 64 sets of survey questionnaires were distributed to students and university personnel who commonly visit Arked Cengal. Arked Meranti and Arked Angkasa. Also there will be interview session with the stall workers to interview about the management of the greywater discharge.

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