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Achmad Syafiuddin
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Environmental and Toxicology Management (ETM)
Published by Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya
ISSN : 27770338     EISSN : 27761886     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33086/etm
Core Subject : Health, Science, Social, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Environmental Science Public Health
Environmental and Toxicology Management is a peer-reviewed journal for the publication of original articles, short communication, review articles, and case studies on the fundamentals, applications, and management of environmental and toxicology. Environmental and Toxicology Management is published online with a frequency of three issues per year on April, August, and November. Besides that, special issues of Environmental and Toxicology Management will be published non-periodically from time to time.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Kesehatan, Toksikologi dan Mutasi Gen
Articles 78 Documents
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Optimization of selected heavy metals removal from anchovies using trisodium citrate and peracetic acid as chelating agent Jaganazan, Pavitran; B Abdullah, Faizuan
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Environmental factors and their impacts
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i1.4245

Abstract

Anchovy is widely used in many dishes and are among the most consumed marine fish among Malaysians. Anchovies are one of the marine organisms that can accumulate pollutants including heavy metals. Numerous studies were conducted to minimize the heavy metals concentration in seafood such as various cooking and processing methods, and advanced treatments with the aid of chelating agents. Among the effective methods to remove heavy metals from seafood is by chelating techniques. Previous research conducted showed that the removal of heavy metals from seafood with nanomaterials such as chelating agents enhances the quality of the seafood with reduced heavy metals concentration as well as minimum purification costs. In this research, combination of trisodium citrate and peracetic acid were used as the chelating agent to perform a series of optimization treatments to remove toxic heavy metals including arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr). The optimization treatment was conducted by using Box-Wilson central composite design (CCD) which is a model in response surface methodology (RSM). Among the parameters that were optimized in this study are temperature between 29.0 to 37.0℃, pH between 3 to 7, treatment time between 5 to 60 minutes, and dosage of chelating agent between 1000 to 2000 mL/Kg. The anchovy samples were prepared according to a method adopted from AOAC 999.10 standard method for elements cadmium, lead, arsenic, and chromium. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP- OES) was used to determine the heavy metals concentration in untreated and treated anchovy samples. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed all the four models designed are significant and influence the percentage removal of heavy metals. The Design-Expert software based on CCD RSM suggested a total of 97 solutions according to the four independent variables. Based on the solutions suggested, an optimized condition selected with highest desirability at 0.644 with percentage removal of arsenic at 77%, lead 39%, cadmium 54%, and chromium 18%.
Egg consumption risk due to different metal residues: An estimation from two chicken egg types (exotic and local) collected from Sokoto, Nigeria Umar, AI; Sarkingobir, Yusuf; Abubakar Shagari, Kasimu; Abu Abdulkarim, Yalli
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Environmental factors and their impacts
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i1.4689

Abstract

Eggs are important component of human diet worldwide. They provide the human body with diverse array of substances including metal elements. Due to pollution the eggs can incorporate metals at levels that are harmful. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the levels of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cr in eggs in Sokoto, Nigeria and health risk therewith. The metals were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results reveal, significantly (p<0.05) different concentrations of metals in commercial/ exotic and local chicken eggs in Sokoto, Nigeria as follows: The zinc (Local: 35.0 ± 1.5 ppm, Exotic: 30.12 ± 2.6 ppm) metal is the most elevated metal, followed by magnesium (Local:15.0 ± 0.05 ppm, Exotic:10.02 ± 1.5 ppm), then iron (Local: 7.0 ± 0.001 ppm, Exotic: 4.02 ± 0.001 ppm), then calcium (Local: 6.21 ± 0.01 ppm, Exotic: 5.01 ± 0.005 ppm). Others lower levels of metals are recorded by chromium (Local: 3.01 ± 0.05 ppm, Exotic: 4.51 ± 0.05 ppm), cadmium (0.061 ± 0.001 ppm detected in Exotic), and lead (Local: 0.05 ± 0.002 ppm, Exotic: 0.20 ± 0.002 ppm). The levels of essential metals found in eggs in this study are low, and levels of Cr, Cd, and Pb in exotic eggs are elevated. Similarly, health risk assessment result shows a public health concern. Care needs to be taken when consuming eggs by the public.
Comparison of variaton in extract concentration onion leaf (Allium fistulosum L.) to mortality larvae Aedes aegypti mosquito instar III Wulandari, Siska; Lukiyono, Yauwan Tobing; Andini, Ary; Nidianti, Ersalina
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Environmental drivers of vector-borne: Impact and mitigation
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i2.6389

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the Dengue virus which is transmitted through the Aedes aegypti mosquito. DHF is caused by the Dengue virus whose main vector is the Aedes aegypti mosquito and the secondary vector is the Aedes albopictus mosquito. Eradicating Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus is one way that can be done to prevent the spread of the Dengue virus. Control of the dengue vector can be carried out on larvae and adult mosquitoes with the aim of breaking the chain of transmission. One way that can be done is by using a natural larvicide which utilizes the Allium fistulosum plant which contains secondary metabolite compounds including phenolics, flavonoids and tannins which can kill larvae. This study aims to determine the comparison of variations in the concentration of Allium fistulosum leaf extract on the mortality of Aedes aegypti instar III. The type of research used in this research was experimental with a completely randomized design (RAL). The potential level of the extract is reviewed from the Lethal Concentration (LC50) and Lethal Time (LT50) values. The data obtained were analyzed using a probit regression test or probit analysis to determine the potential of Allium fistulosum extract as an alternative larvicide for third instar Aedes aegypti larvae and stated as Lethal Concentration (LC50) and Lethal Time (LT50) with a confidence level of 95.0%. The results of the research show that Allium f istulosum leaf extract has the potential as an alternative larvicide for the death of third instar Aedes aegypti larvae as proven by a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05) with a value of LC50-6 hours is 52.850%, LC50-8 hours is 42.674%, LC50-24 hours is 30.900%, LT50-20% is 37.674 hours, LT50-30% is 24.423 hours and LT50-40% is 14.954 hours.
Effectiveness of the repellent of kawista leaf extract (Limonia acidissima) against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes Qotrinnada, Nabilah; Lukiyono, Yauwan Tobing; Prayekti, Endah; Nidianti, Ersalina
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Environmental drivers of vector-borne: Impact and mitigation
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i2.6390

Abstract

Synthetic insecticides containing highly effective active substances such as DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta toluamide) to prevent and control Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever can have adverse effects on health and the environment. Kawista leaves (Limonia acidissima) have the potential as a natural insecticide against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes because they contain secondary metabolite compounds namely phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the repellent power of kawista leaf extract (Limonia acidissima) against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This study used experimental method with post-test only control group design. The sample used was 25 adult of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in each treatment. The ethanol extract of kawista leaves was made in the form of a spray with a concentration of 25%, 50% concentration, and 75% concentration. The 25% concentration, 50% concentration, and 75% concentration of kawista leaf extract have an effective repellent power against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, namely 15.22%, 46.20%, and 70.08%, respectively. The results of the analysis of kawista leaf extract against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes obtained ED50 (Effective Dose 50) at a concentration of 60.343% and ED99 (Effective Dose 99) at a concentration of 124.452%. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that kawista leaves have the ability to repel Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
Relationship between personal hygiene and manifestation of mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) in students at islamic boarding school in Sidoarjo City Wideistianti, Annisa Pricilya; Lukiyono, Yauwan Tobing; Andini, Ary; Prayekti, Endah
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Environmental drivers of vector-borne: Impact and mitigation
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i2.6391

Abstract

Scabies is a disease that attacks the skin in humans, a disease caused by the mite, included in the ovoid Arthropod organism. Personal hygiene is a way to maintain health and cleanliness of the body with self-care, therefore the better a person maintains personal hygiene, the less exposure to mites that enter the skin, if someone does not maintain personal hygiene, it will be very easy to get scabies. This study aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and the manifestation of mites using the burrow ink test method on students at the Islamic Boarding School in Sidoarjo City. The method used is an observational type that is analytical using a cross-sectional design. A sample of 45 samples in March 2024. The sampling method was carried out using a non-probability sampling method. The samples were examined using the burrow ink test method and continued with skin scraping examination. The results of the examination of 45 samples showed that there were 9 respondents in the good category of personal hygiene clothing cleanliness with a positive scabies examination of 27 (60%) and there were 25 respondents in the poor category of personal hygiene clothing cleanliness with a negative scabies examination of 41 (91%). The results of statistical analysis from the chi-square test, the personal hygiene variable with the manifestation of mites produced a p-value = 0.157 which means there is no significant effect. In this study it can be concluded that there is no relationship between personal hygiene using the burrow ink test method and the incidence of scabies in Islamic Boarding Schools in Sidoarjo City.
The effect of varied concentration of fragrant pandan leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) as a natural larvacide on the mortality of Aedes aegypti instar III mosquito larvae Deviyani, Dira; Lukiyono, Yauwan Tobing; Anggraini, Rahayu; Andini, Ary
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Environmental drivers of vector-borne: Impact and mitigation
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i2.6392

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by Dengue virus infection. The use of synthetic larvicides causes side effects on human health. Efforts are made to use natural insecticides to minimize contact with dangerous chemical substances. Fragrant pandan leaf plants have secondary metabolite compounds including alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols, these secondary metabolite compounds can kill larvae. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of fragrant pandan leaf extract (P. amaryllifolius Roxb.) on the death of Aedes aegypti Instar III larvae. This type of research is experimental, with a Control Group Post-Test Design. The level of influence of concentration variations is seen from the Lethal Concentration (LC50) and Lethal Time (LT50) values. The data obtained were analyzed using a probit regression test or probit analysis to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of wangi pandan leaf extract (P. amaryllifolius Roxb.) on the death of A. aegypti Instar III larvae. and expressed as Lethal Concentration (LC50) and Lethal Time (LT50) with a confidence level of 95.0%, the probit test obtained the results of LC50-6 hours was 7.770%, LC50-8 hours was 6.516%, LC50-24 hours was 4.409%, LT50-2% is 31,973 hours, LT50-4% is 24,745 hours, and LT50-6% is 16,129 hours, from the parametric tests carried out the results were not  normal and homogeneous, then the Kruskal-Wallis test was continued and showed a P-Value 0,000 (<0,05). So it can be said that there is effect of variations in the concentration of fragrant pandan leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) on the mortality of third instar A. aegypti larvae.
Comparison of Toxoplasma gondii counts in chicken and duck brain samples sold at Keputran Market, Surabaya Cahyani, Yuliana Dwi Kurnia; Lukiyono, Yauwan Tobing; Nidianti, Ersalina; Romdloni, Muhammad Afwan
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): Soil Health, Animal Health, and Water Quality in Agroecological Systems
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i3.6394

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which is transmitted through cats as definitive hosts and also infect poultry. This occurs because poultry ingest food contaminated with oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii. The most commonly consumed poultry are chicken and duck. This study aims to compare the counts of Toxoplasma gondii in chicken and duck brain samples sold at Keputran Market, Surabaya. This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach, using direct preparation and flotation methods as research instruments. The samples in this study consisted of 24 chicken brain samples and 24 duck brain samples. The statistical analysis used was the Chi-Square test. The results showed that 16.7% (8 samples) of the chicken brain samples were positive and 33.3% (16 samples) were negative for Toxoplasma gondii. Meanwhile, 12.5% (6 samples) of the duck brain samples were positive and 37.5% (18 samples) were negative for Toxoplasma gondii. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test, resulting in a value of 0.752 (≥0.05), indicating that there is no significant difference in the presence of Toxoplasma gondii between the chicken and duck brain samples sold at Keputran Market, Surabaya.
The effect of giving soursop leaves extract (Annona muri cata L.) on Aedes aegypti instar iii larvae Audina, Miea; Lukiyono, Yauwan Tobing; Wulandari, Devyana Dyah; Romdloni, Muhammad Afwan
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Environmental drivers of vector-borne: Impact and mitigation
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i2.6399

Abstract

Aedes aegypti is a mosquito that is a vector for various diseases, including Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Mosquito control can be done in various ways, one of which is using synthetic insecticides, using natural ingredients derived from plants. Soursop leaves are a plant that grows widely in Indonesia and can be used as a natural larvicide. This study aims to determine the effect of giving soursop leaf extract on the death of third instar Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. The type of research used in this research is experimental with design in this research using the post-test only control design method. The samples used were 25 third instar Aedes aegypti larvae in each of 5 treatments using; negative control (aquadest), positive control (1% abate), soursop leaf extract concentration 25%, concentration 50%, and concentration 75%. With observation times of 3 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS, a probit test obtained a 3 hours LC50 was 97.653, a 6 hours LC¬50 was 87.697, and a 24 hours LC50 was 53.727. The value of LT50 25% concentration is 42.357, LT50 50% concentration is 24.783, and LT50 75% concentration is 12.996, from the parametric test carried out the results were normal and homogeneous, then the ANOVA test was continued and showed a p-value of 0.02 < 0.05 (significant), then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. So it can be said that there is an effect of giving soursop leaf extract on the death of third instar Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. Researchers are expected to be able to utilize soursop leaves as a natural larvicide that can kill Aedes aegypti larvae.
Hand washing behavior using soap and not using soap on the incidence of ascariasis in children in grades 1-3 at Simokerto Elementary School Anggriyani, Rinda; Lukiyono, Yauwan Tobing; Andini, Ary; Santoso, Andreas Putro Ragil
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Environmental drivers of vector-borne: Impact and mitigation
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i2.6400

Abstract

Ascaris lumbricoides is known as roundworm which is a type of Soil Transmissive Helminths (STH), a worm that requires soil media in its development process to become infective. Ascaris lumbricoides is a type of parasitic nematode that attacks many living creatures, especially humans. This research uses an observational method with a cross-sectional study approach, the sampling technique uses a purposive sampling technique. The samples used were 42 feces samples from children in grades 1-3. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon method. Respondents based on age 7 years were 16 (38%), respondents aged 8 years were 13 people (31%), respondents aged 9 years were 6 people (14%) and aged 7 years (17%). Respondents based on class were 14/42 (33.33%), class 1 respondents were 14/42 (33.3%), class 3 respondents were 14/42 (33.3%). Answers by gender is 22/42 (52.3%) of respondents were men and 20/42 (47.6%) were women. From the research results it can be concluded that there is no relationship between washing hands with soap and not using soap on the incidence of ascariasis.
Spatial variation of harvested rainwater quality in South Vavuniya, Sri Lanka Lajeekka, Jeevaraththinam; Saravanan, S.; Vijitha, V.; Vijayabalan, J.
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): Soil Health, Animal Health, and Water Quality in Agroecological Systems
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i3.6403

Abstract

Rainwater is one of the vital natural resources which plays crucial role in water cycle. Rainwater harvesting is a water conservation technique in which rainwater is captured and stored for various purposes. Despite being an excellent practice, rainwater harvesting does come with some challenges. As poor quality of harvested rainwater due to several natural and anthropogenic activities is one of such limitations, the current study was aimed to assess the water quality of harvested rainwater in Vavuniya south, Sri Lanka. For this study 189 samples were collected from Vavuniya south and the water quality parameters such as color, turbidity, coliform, E. coli, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were analyzed. Further the recorded water quality data were mapped using ArcMap 10.8 software. Among the 189 water samples, 88% showed color below 1 Hazen while 12% showed color level above 1 Hazen. Notably, 7% of the samples exceeded a color value of 15 Hazen. Regarding the turbidity, 99% of the samples exhibited below 5 NTU. Out of the 189 water samples, 23% showed 0 Nos/100 mL coliform whereas 77% had coliform counts more than 3 Nos/100 mL. At the same time 57% of samples showed E. coli count lower than 10 Nos/100 mL among which 52% samples showed 0 Nos/100 mL numbers of E. coli. Among the 189 water samples, 43% samples showed E. coli numbers above 10 Nos/100 mL. Further, 95% samples showed EC below 200 µS/cm and 5% of the samples showed EC above 200 µS/cm. In addition, majority of the samples (80%) fell within the pH range of 6.5 to 8.5 while remaining 15% showed pH below 6.5 and 5% showed pH above 8.5. Based on the study, soil dust particles, fecal contamination, metal rooftops and emissions from development activities were found as possible causes for recorded poor harvested rainwater quality in some areas. Moreover, the samples analyzed from areas namely South Paravakkulam, Periya Ulukkulama, Avusathapittiya, Rangethgama, Kalukunnamaduva, Alagalla and Eratperiyakulama exceeded the standard range of water quality for at least two parameters. Therefore, regular maintenance and monitoring are required in these areas to ensure safe consumption of rainwater for various uses.

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