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Hanif Amrulloh
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Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Published by Pandawa Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27743047     DOI : 10.47352/jmans
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science (abbreviated as J. Multidiscip. Appl. Nat. Sci.) is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal for multidisciplinary research activity on natural sciences and their application on daily life. This journal aims to make significant contributions to applied research and knowledge across the globe through the publication of original, high-quality research articles in the following fields: 1) biology and environmental science 2) chemistry and material sciences 3) physical sciences and 4) mathematical sciences. The J. Multidiscip. Appl. Nat. Sci. is an open-access journal containing original research articles, review articles, and short communications in the areas related to applied natural science. The J. Multidiscip. Appl. Nat. Sci. publishes 2 issues in a year on January (first issue) and July (second issue). This journal has adopted a double-blind reviewing policy whereby both the referees and author(s) remain anonymous throughout the process.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 156 Documents
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Alginate as A Natural Coagulant-Aid: Advances, Challenges, and Applications Kristianto, Hans; Prasetyo, Susiana; Sugih, Asaf Kleopas
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Articles in Press
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.287

Abstract

Coagulation is a critical step in water and wastewater treatments that is essential for the removal of suspended solids, organic matters, and colloidal particles. Conventional metal-based coagulants such as aluminium sulphate, ferric chloride, and polyaluminium chloride and synthetic polymer such as polyacrylamide are widely used due to their proven efficiency. However, concerns over their environmental impact, including the generation of non-biodegradable sludge, potential health risks, and negative impact on the water ecosystem, have driven the search for alternative, eco-friendly coagulants. Natural coagulants derived from plants, animals, or microorganisms have emerged as promising alternatives, offering advantages like biodegradability, non-toxicity, and lower sludge production. Among these, polysaccharide-based coagulants such as alginate, a biopolymer sourced from brown seaweed and bacteria, have gained significant attention. Alginate's biodegradability, non-toxicity, low cost, and versatile gelation properties make it a potential substitute for synthetic coagulants. This review focuses on the use of alginate as a coagulant-aid, providing an overview of its sources, characteristics, coagulation mechanisms, and variables that affect the coagulation performance. The review also highlights the benefits, challenges, and future research directions for improving the efficiency and scalability of alginate in sustainable water/wastewater treatment processes.
Optimization of a Mixture of Curcuma Dye Mixture with SiO₂ (Rice Husk Waste) to the Energy Efficiency of TiO₂ -based Solar Cells Subagyo, Tulus; Widhiyanuriyawan, Denny; Widodo, Agung Sugeng; Wardana, I Nyoman Gede
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Articles in Press
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.288

Abstract

Global energy challenges and environmental problems encourage the search for sustainable energy solutions, with TiO₂-based solar cells that are still limited to its efficiency due to low light absorption and charge recombination. This study aims to examine the synergistic effect of curcuma and SiO₂ dye from rice husk waste in improving the energy efficiency of TiO₂ solar cells. The research methodology involves the fabrication of sensitive solar cells with different layer compositions: TiO₂ only, TiO₂ with one layer of SiO₂ (1L-SiO₂), two layers (2L-SiO₂), and three layers (3L-SiO₂). The TiO₂ photoanode is prepared using the screen printing method, followed by loading coloring through immersion in the curcuma coloring solution. The performance of solar cells is evaluated using the current voltage measurement (I-V) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to analyze efficiency, charge transportation, and recombination processes. The results show that the addition of SiO₂ increases the efficiency of solar cells, with 1L-SiO₂ producing the highest compilation of short circuit (JSC) 0.37 mA/cm², showing an increase in cargo transportation. However, 1L-SiO₂ shows a decrease in performance due to excessive thickness, which leads to an increase in charge recombination and internal resistance. Impedance analysis confirms that 1L-SiO₂ optimizes cargo transportation but also increases recombination resistance, which affects overall efficiency. Adding SiO₂ from rice husk waste increases the efficiency of TiO₂-based solar cells, with curcuma coloring increases light absorption and charge transfer. However, excessive SiO₂ layers reduce performance due to higher recombination and resistance. Further research is needed to optimize the thickness of the layer and dye stability.
Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose-clay Composite using Indonesian Natural Bentonite for Cr(VI) Adsorption Julinawati, Julinawati; Nadia, Eka; Mustafa, Irfan; Suryati, Suryati
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Articles in Press
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.289

Abstract

Contamination of Cr(VI) is of global concern, whereas the innovation in wastewater treatment is required. Combination of bentonite and cellulose could produce an effective adsorbent to treat Cr(VI)-containing wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of composite bentonite/cellulose (B/Cell) to remove Cr(VI) in the aqueous media, in which the bentonite was collected from local sources. The Na-bentonite was firstly prepared before proceeding to cellulose embedment. The resultant B/Cell was characterized for its functional groups, morphology, and crystallinity. The Cr(VI) adsorption capacity and removal efficiency were determined based on batch adsorption. Our findings revealed that the B/Cell composite with a 4:1 bentonite-to-cellulose mass ratio exhibited the highest removal efficiency (85.68%) among tested formulations. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the successful integration of cellulose and structural modification of bentonite. Optimal adsorption was achieved at pH 3, 180-min contact time, and 10 g/L adsorbent dosage. Isotherm modeling showed excellent fits for Sips (R2 = 0.9992) model, with maximum adsorption capacity reaching 192.56 mg/g. Kinetic analysis indicated pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.959, qe = 1.018 mg/g), suggesting a chemisorption mechanism. These results highlight the potential of the B/Cell composite as an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous environments.
Mapping Aboveground Carbon in Rehabilitated Mangrove: Evaluating the Performance of Regression Modelling with Satellite-Derived Vegetation Indices and Kriging Interpolation Sumarga, Elham; Syamsudin, Tati Suryati; Sarah, Sarah; Qalbi, Mutiara Putri; Tansy, Belinda Calista; Basyuni, Mohammad; Larekeng, Siti Halimah
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.311

Abstract

Mangroves are vital ecosystems in combating climate change, primarily through their exceptional capacity for carbon sequestration and long-term storage. To effectively manage and conserve these valuable resources, accurate carbon stock mapping is crucial. Given the inherent variability of mangrove biophysical characteristics, selecting appropriate mapping methodologies is essential. This study aimed to evaluate two distinct approaches: regression modeling using satellite-derived vegetation indices and kriging interpolation, within the Angke Kapuk mangrove area of Jakarta. Regression models were constructed utilizing forest canopy density (FCD) and its constituent indices (derived from Landsat 8), alongside normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), advanced vegetation index (AVI), and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) from Sentinel 2A, as predictor variables. Field-based carbon stock data, obtained from 50 square plots (10 m × 10 m) using established allometric models, served as the response variable. The study revealed substantial heterogeneity in carbon storage, ranging from 34.76 to 236.87 tons/ha, with a mean of 135.31 tons/ha and a standard deviation of 50.09 tons/ha. Regression modelling, however, demonstrated limited predictive power, achieving a maximum R² value of only 0.03, indicating a poor fit between the predictor variables and observed carbon stocks. Kriging interpolation yielded moderate accuracy, as evidenced by a coefficient of variation of root mean square error (CV RMSE) of 0.39. This disparity in performance can be attributed to several factors, including the homogeneity of the rehabilitated mangrove canopy, which limited the ability of vegetation indices to accurately represent carbon stock variations. Furthermore, kriging's capacity to model spatial autocorrelation proved advantageous in this context. Based on these findings, this paper discusses the influence of mangrove characteristics on modelling performance and provides practical recommendations for area managers regarding future carbon stock mapping initiatives.
Spatial Clustering with Autocorrelation-Based Weighting for Regional Socio-Economic Pattern Analysis: A Case Study of East Java Fitriani, Rahma; Sumarminingsih, Eni; Amaliana, Luthfatul
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.345

Abstract

Clustering, an unsupervised machine learning technique, categorizes objects into groups based on shared characteristics. When applied to spatial data, the assumption of independence is often violated due to similarities among adjacent regions—a phenomenon known as spatial autocorrelation. To address this, spatial clustering incorporates both non-spatial attributes (e.g., socio-economic indicators) and spatial attributes (e.g., geographic location), with spatial attributes weighted based on their influence in defining clusters. In regional economic development, creating clusters that are both spatially coherent and socio-economically homogeneous is critical for effective policy design. Strong interactions among neighboring regions can promote more integrated and balanced growth. This study proposes a spatial clustering framework that optimizes spatial attribute weighting according to the degree of spatial autocorrelation. A simulation study using 2023 data from East Java’s 38 regencies/municipalities determines optimal weights under varying spatial dependence levels. The results show that optimal spatial weights increase with the number of clusters and vary according to the strength of spatial autocorrelation. Applied to East Java, the method produced clusters with higher socio-economic homogeneity than official zones, though with reduced spatial contiguity. These findings highlight the importance of adaptive, autocorrelation-aware clustering to improve regional planning and support more evidence-based development strategies.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction vs. Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity for Amomum compactum Essential Oil Variyana, Yeni; Rahma, Aulia Nabila; Mahfud, Mahfud
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.346

Abstract

Amomum compactum essential oil, rich in 1,8-cineole (55–70%), is valued for its therapeutic and aromatic properties but suffers from low yield and thermal degradation in conventional extraction. This study compares and optimizes two green, solvent-free microwave-assisted methods—solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG)—using Box–Behnken Design (BBD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Process variables included feed-to-distiller (F/D) ratio (0.10–0.20 g/mL), microwave power (150–450 W), and extraction time (60–90 min). SFME achieved the highest yield (5.25%) at 300 W, 0.15 g/mL, and 75 min, whereas MHG yielded 2.50% at 150 W, 0.10 g/mL, and 90 min, with superior 1,8-cineole recovery (59.65%) and linalool content (1.98%). Both methods reduced extraction time by 85–95% and energy use by over 90% compared with hydrodistillation, consuming only 0.004–0.006 kWh/g. SEM results confirmed extensive gland rupture (80–90%) and structural breakdown supporting enhanced mass transfer. These findings highlight SFME and MHG as sustainable, energy-efficient innovations aligning with SDGs 9, 12, and 13, advancing the circular bioeconomy and scalable green production of Amomum compactum essential oil.
Stomata Characterization of Native Dendrobium in Liwa Botanical Garden Wahyuningsih, Sri; Mahfut, Mahfut; Anbiya, Lulu
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.347

Abstract

Dendrobium is one of the most commonly collected native orchid genera at the Liwa Botanical Garden, Lampung, Indonesia. In its conservation efforts, the identification of native orchid species through anatomical characterization is essential. The aim of this research is to identify the native Dendrobium species collection at the Liwa Botanical Garden based on stomatal anatomical characteristics and to confirm these results with previous morphological and molecular characterization. The research steps involved the collection of leaves from 19 Dendrobium accessions at the Liwa Botanical Garden, while the anatomical characterization was conducted by preparing paradermal sections to microscopically observe the stomata. The main anatomical characteristics observed included stomatal aperture width, stomatal length, stomatal width, number of stomata, stomatal density, and stomatal index. The results of the study show that, overall, the stomatal aperture width is 2.88 μm, stomatal length is 12.38 μm, stomatal width is 12.58 μm, stomatal density is 29 stomata/mm², and stomatal index is 0.061%. Phenetic analysis based on the dendrogram divided the different native Dendrobium samples into two clusters (A and B) with similarity indices of 1.60 and 0.90, and PCA values (0.170 and 0.044) were found to be greater than 0.02, indicating the contribution of each group. The PCA value of 0.170 reflects the influence of stomatal area, whereas 0.044 reflects the influence of stomatal aperture width, stomatal index, and stomatal density. The anatomical characterization results show a correlation with the identification outcomes based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Furthermore, these findings can serve as a recommendation for the identification of native orchid species and provide a basis for the conservation efforts of native Dendrobium at the Liwa Botanical Garden, Indonesia.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Bacteria from Diabetic Ulcers: Insights into Resistance and Biofilm Formation Ernawati, Andi; Rusmana, Iman; Wahyudi, Aris Tri; Murtini, Sri; Budiarti, Sri
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Articles in Press
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.348

Abstract

Diabetic ulcers are prone to colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria, complicating treatment and recovery. Therefore, understanding the microbial profile and resistance mechanisms is essential for effective clinical management. This study isolated and characterized bacteria from diabetic ulcer patients in West Java, Indonesia. Identification was performed using the selective differential medium test and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed via the disc diffusion method, and biofilm formation was evaluated using crystal violet staining. PCR amplification targeted blaTEM and sul1 resistance genes. A total of 15 bacterial isolates were identified, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Six isolates exhibited a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index >0.4 and demonstrated biofilm-forming capacity. The PCR result confirmed the presence of blaTEM and sul1 genes in three isolates. The findings highlight the prevalence of multidrug-resistant, biofilm-forming bacteria in diabetic ulcers, underscoring the need for targeted antimicrobial strategies and resistance monitoring.
Caesalpinia bonduc (L) Roxb Seed Extract Dosage and Sex Effects on Pathobiological Changes in A Rat Model of Diabetes Mellitus Sopianti, Densi Selpia; Doewes, Muchsin; Sumandjar, Tatar; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Dirgahayu, Paramasari; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita; Nurwati, Ida
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Articles in Press
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.349

Abstract

Caesalpinia bonduc (L) Roxb is a medicinal plant commonly utilized in traditional Indonesian medicine, particularly for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study examined the effects of varying doses C. bonduc extract on fasting blood sugar (FBS), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and pancreatic histology in male and female wistar rats with diabetes. The study design included six groups of 18 male and female rats (Wistar strain) each. To develop diabetes, nicotinamide (NA) (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg) were supplied, followed by oral administration of C. bonduc extract at dosages of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg for 21 days. We utilized ELISA to analyze biochemical parameters and employed H&E staining to evaluate histological changes. A factorial design was employed for the statistical analysis to examine the effects of both dosage and sex. This study offers a unique comparative examination of the antidiabetic efficacy of C. bonduc across genders, a dimension seldom explored in experimental diabetes research. The findings indicated that C. bonduc markedly reduced levels of FBS, MDA, TNF-α, and TGF-β (p < 0.05) enhanced the structural integrity of the pancreas. There were no significant differences between males and female (p > 0.05). The dosage and sex influenced MDA and TGF-β. The extract of C. bonduc shown the ability to lower blood sugar, fight free radicals, and reduce inflammation; however, the intensity of these benefits depended on the dosage given. This means that it might assist persons with diabetes minimize oxidative stress and damage to the pancreas.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using the Weight of Evidence Model: A Case Study on A Tropical Volcanic Region Nugraha, Dimas Hastama; Wilopo, Wahyu; Fathani, Teuku Faisal
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Articles in Press
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.350

Abstract

Landslides are one of the major hazards in volcanic areas, causing loss of life, property damage, and degradation of the environment. The western slopes of Mount Lawu, a stratovolcano in Central Java Province, Indonesia, are especially prone to landslides because of steep topography and increasing human activities. The rapid population growth and land use changes, driven by tourism and agricultural expansion, have increased the vulnerability of the area. This study examines the performance of the weight of evidence (WoE) method in mapping landslide susceptibility over the western slopes of Mount Lawu, with a focus on the interaction between environmental factors and land use. The parameters considered in this research include slope, lithology, distance from lineaments, roads, and rivers, rainfall, and land use. The spatial datasets used included a digital elevation model (DEM) at a scale of 1:16,000, as well as slope, river, lineament, and land-use data at a scale of 1:25,000, and lithology data at a scale of 1:50,000. All of these datasets were processed and analyzed using ArcGIS Pro. The WoE analysis resulted in the landslide susceptibility map, which divided susceptibility into four classes: high, moderate, low, and very low. The model achieved an accuracy of 0.81, demonstrating strong predictive capability. The landslide susceptibility map showed high-risk zones along steep slopes, near rivers, and close to roads, particularly in northern Ngargoyoso and western-southern Tawangmangu Districts. These results highlight the utility of the WoE method for developing the landslide susceptibility map with good accuracy. A landslide susceptibility map can be used to evaluate existing land use and to create spatial planning-based landslide disaster risk reduction.

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