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Hanif Amrulloh
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Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Published by Pandawa Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27743047     DOI : 10.47352/jmans
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science (abbreviated as J. Multidiscip. Appl. Nat. Sci.) is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal for multidisciplinary research activity on natural sciences and their application on daily life. This journal aims to make significant contributions to applied research and knowledge across the globe through the publication of original, high-quality research articles in the following fields: 1) biology and environmental science 2) chemistry and material sciences 3) physical sciences and 4) mathematical sciences. The J. Multidiscip. Appl. Nat. Sci. is an open-access journal containing original research articles, review articles, and short communications in the areas related to applied natural science. The J. Multidiscip. Appl. Nat. Sci. publishes 2 issues in a year on January (first issue) and July (second issue). This journal has adopted a double-blind reviewing policy whereby both the referees and author(s) remain anonymous throughout the process.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 198 Documents
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Study of Bendo Sap (Artocarpus Elasticus Reinw) Polyurethane Adhesive on Modified Asphalt through Marshall Testing Adiansyah Adiansyah; Tamrin Tamrin; Marpongahtun Marpongahtun; Sovia Lenny; Lua Shun Kuang; Ronn Goei
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.435

Abstract

Bendo latex–based polyurethane (BD–PU) adhesive demonstrates strong potential as a bio-based modifier for improving asphalt performance and providing a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived polymers. The novelty of this study lies in the utilization of bendo latex as a locally sourced renewable feedstock for polyurethane synthesis and its direct application as an asphalt modifier, which remains largely unexplored compared to conventional petroleum-based or partially bio-based polyurethane systems. In this work, bendo latex was converted into polyol via controlled condensation and addition reactions, followed by blending with polyethylene glycol (PEG 1000) and reaction with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) to produce BD–PU adhesive. The synthesized polyurethane exhibited mechanical properties comparable to conventional isocyanate-based polymers, confirming its suitability for asphalt modification. At the optimum BD–PU content of 20 wt%, the modified asphalt demonstrated a Marshall stability of 27.6 kN, a flow value of 4.5 mm, and a stiffness of 6.5 kN/mm. It represents a significant improvement over the control asphalt, with a 75% increase in Marshall stability and an 85% enhancement in stiffness, indicating markedly improved resistance to permanent deformation. These improvements are attributed to the formation of a crosslinked polyurethane network that enhances interfacial bonding between asphalt and aggregates, resulting in improved load distribution and structural integrity. Compared to previously reported polyurethane-modified asphalt systems, this study offers a key contribution by (i) introducing a fully bio-based polyol derived from bendo latex, (ii) demonstrating competitive or superior mechanical performance, and (iii) promoting the use of locally available renewable resources for sustainable infrastructure materials. Overall, the findings highlight the significant potential of BD–PU as an eco-friendly and high-performance asphalt modifier, supporting the development of more durable and sustainable road construction materials.
A Multiple Imputation Approach to Improving Health Data Accuracy in Pooled Cross-Sectional Analysis Romuald Daniel Boy-ngbogbele; Oscar Ngesa; Thomas Mageto; Celestin C Kokonendji
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.438

Abstract

Pooled cross-sectional health survey data are commonly utilized to examine trends in child malnutrition; however, their precision is usually undermined by measurement errors and absent data. This study assesses the efficacy of a Multiple Imputation (MI) methodology in rectifying these biases and enhancing the reliability of malnutrition prevalence estimates for children under five in Cameroon. Utilizing simulated data that mirrors the structure of four rounds of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from Cameroon (2004, 2011, 2018, 2022), we provide a logistic regression model including measurement error correction by multiple imputation. The efficacy of the MI-corrected model is evaluated against an uncorrected model using several measures, such as prevalence estimates, classification accuracy, precision, and parameter stability across different sample sizes. The MI-corrected model consistently yielded lower and more precise estimates of malnutrition prevalence than the uncorrected model, with reductions of up to 11.34 percentage points in 2004. Classification accuracy increased by 3–4 percentage points across survey waves, with a corresponding improvement in precision. Increasing the sample size reduced the variability of the parameters, as shown by lower standard deviations and coefficients of variation. This made the regression estimates more stable. The model exhibited enhanced resilience in situations including absent data and inaccurately assessed variables. Multiple Imputation successfully rectifies measurement errors and addresses missing data in pooled cross-sectional surveys, resulting in more credible estimates of child malnutrition prevalence. These improved estimates offer a more accurate assessment of public health needs, better targeting of dietary interventions, and more dependable monitoring of trends over time. The results support the implementation of MI-based corrections in national health survey analyses to enhance evidence-based policy and resource distribution in resource-constrained environments.
Green Metrics Evaluation of a Sustainable Ultrasonication-Assisted Routes to Cellulose Ethers from Banana (Musa balbisiana Colla) Blossom Cellulose Safira Zidna Salama; Venty Suryanti; Maulidan Firdaus; Syafira Narendraduhita
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.439

Abstract

To promote sustainable chemical transformation and environmentally friendly approaches, balance economic feasibility and ecological protection are essential. In this study, cellulose ethers, such as methyl cellulose (MC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), were successfully synthesized from banana (Musa balbisiana Colla) blossom cellulose (BBC) through the Williamson ether reaction using a green ultrasonication method at ambient temperature for 30–40 mins. A simple ultrasonic bath system was employed to facilitate efficient cavitation under mild and accessible operating conditions. The yields of MC, CMC, and HPC were 96.5, 98.3, and 97.5%, with corresponding degrees of substitution (DS) of 2.00, 0.71, and 0.86, respectively. An environmental assessment of each synthesis was conducted using Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Syntheses (EATOS) software and Andraos worksheets, evaluating substrates, solvents, products, and by-products. The results demonstrated that this method offers significant advantages, including low environmental impact, minimal chemical consumption, and near-ideal green chemistry parameters, such as atom economy (AE), reaction yield, stoichiometric factor (1/SF), material recovery (MRP), and reaction mass efficiency (RME), outperforming conventional methods reported in the literature.
Morphological Identification of Benthic Diatoms from Coral Reef Ecosystems of Bawean Island, East Jawa, Indonesia Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi; Yenny Risjani; Rendha Agustina Ramawati; Andrzej Witkowski
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.440

Abstract

Small-sized benthic diatoms are frequently underrepresented in floristic surveys of coral reef ecosystems due to their inconspicuous morphology under light microscopy (LM). In this study, several benthic diatom strains were isolated into monoculture from coral reef substrates (sand, dead coral fragments, macroalgae, and surrounding seawater) collected at Bawean Island, East Java, Indonesia. The isolates were examined using LM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to clarify diagnostic morphological characters that are difficult to resolve with LM alone. Five taxa were documented: Psammodictyon sp., Halamphora cf. oceanica, Halamphora yundangensis, Halamphora sp., and Nitzschia arauriae. SEM observations revealed critical ultrastructural features, including raphe configuration, fibula structure, striae architecture, conopeum development, and internal valve morphology, which enabled more precise taxonomic evaluation and comparison with morphologically similar taxa. This work does not represent a comprehensive floristic inventory of reef-associated diatoms, but rather provides detailed SEM-guided morphological documentation of small (<20 µm), character-poor benthic taxa obtained in culture. These findings contribute taxonomic reference data for Indonesian marine diatoms and establish a morphological baseline for future integrative studies combining ultrastructural and molecular approaches.
OSMAC-Activated Alkaloid Diversity in a Mangrove Aspergillus sp. PLP1-F1 Drives Host-Directed Antibacterial Mechanisms Fendi Setiawan; Wawan A Setiawan; Rudy T M Situmeang; Yuli Ambarwati; Ni Luh Gede Ratna Juliasih; Susianti Susianti; Peni Ahmadi; Masayoshi Arai; Andi Setiawan
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.441

Abstract

The growing threat of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa necessitates discovery strategies that move beyond conventional single-target antibiotics. Here, we report a dereplication-guided pipeline applied to the mangrove-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. PLP1-F1, cultivated under an one strain–many compounds (OSMAC) solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial waste substrates to activate cryptic biosynthetic pathways. Molecular networking revealed 24 compounds with diverse chemical structures, including spiro-γ-dilactone, chinulin, anthraquinoline, notoamides, epi-fiscalins, okaramines, aspergillides, and cinatrins. The fungal extract exhibited potent antibacterial against resistant pathogen with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 250 µg/mL. To support these findings, pharmacokinetic profiling (ADME) identified 13 metabolites with favorable drug-likeness properties. Molecular docking against the bacterial division protein FtsZ highlighted three lead candidates epi-fiscalin C (16) (-8.89 kcal/mol), notoamide A (20) (-9.05 kcal/mol), and notoamide O (21) (-8.52 kcal/mol) with superior binding affinities compared to ciprofloxacin (-8.23 kcal/mol), suggesting interference with bacterial cytokinesis. Protein–protein interaction analyses further demonstrated that these alkaloids modulate host signaling networks, including EGFR–MAPK, PI3K–mTOR, caspase-mediated apoptosis, and matrix metalloproteinases. Functional enrichment additionally implicated IL‑17 signaling and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, pathways central to antibacterial immunity and inflammation control. Notably, FtsZ was not a central hub within the interaction networks, indicating that direct bacterial inhibition likely functions as a supportive mechanism alongside host-directed effects. Collectively this study underscores the value of OSMAC-driven metabolomics and systems pharmacology in accelerating natural product discovery, offering a scalable framework for identifying marine fungal metabolites with complex, resistance-resilient mechanisms of action.
Prism-Coupled SPR Sensors for Rapid Halal and Label-Free Identification of Gelatin from Multiple Animal Sources Imam Tazi; Wildan Panji Tresna; Wiwis Sasmitaninghidayah; Khairut Tamimi; Muthmainnah Muthmainnah; Atikah Qonitah; Lia Aprilia
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.442

Abstract

Rapid and reliable identification of gelatin origin is critically important for food authentication and halal verification. This study proposes a label-free optical sensing approach based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for discriminating bovine, porcine, and fish gelatin. Gelatin solutions (1–8% w/v) were analyzed using a prism-coupled attenuated total reflection (ATR)-SPR configuration, where resonance angle shifts were extracted from reflectance minima. Complementary finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations were performed to validate experimental trends and elucidate field interactions at the metal–dielectric interface. Results show distinct refractive index (RI) profiles and concentration-dependent resonance shifts for each gelatin type, enabling clear differentiation without chemical labeling. At higher concentrations (7–8%), fish gelatin exhibits the highest RI, followed by porcine and bovine gelatin. Porcine gelatin demonstrates the most linear and sensitive response, with a strong correlation (R² = 0.9412) between concentration and resonance angle shift. Simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data, confirming the sensitivity of SPR to subtle RI variations. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of ATR-SPR and numerical modeling for rapid, non-destructive, and label-free identification of gelatin sources across multiple animal origins. This approach offers a promising platform for real-time food authentication, quality control, and halal assurance, with potential for portable and on-site sensing applications.
Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties and Photocatalytic Performance of Pr (3%) and Al Co-doped SrTiO3 for Dye Removal Yuniar Sindy Mutiara Putri; Dianisa Khoirum Sandi; Fahru Nurosyid; Risa Suryana; Yofentina Iriani
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.443

Abstract

Strontium titanate (SrTiO₃) photocatalysts co-doped with praseodymium (Pr) and aluminum (Al) were successfully synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The doping concentrations were varied with a fixed Pr content of 3 mol% and Al contents of 1, 3, and 5 mol%. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), surface area analyzer (SAA), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX), and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). The photocatalytic behavior of the prepared samples was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB) under UV C light (λ = 254 nm) exposure for 1–5 h. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a cubic perovskite structure with the presence of Sr–O–Ti bonds identified in the FTIR spectra at about 557 cm⁻¹. Increasing the Al doping concentration resulted in larger crystallite sizes, higher crystallinity, and a reduction in the bandgap energy from 3.188 eV to 3.085 eV. SEM–EDX and SAA analyses showed an increase in particle size accompanied by a decrease in surface area. The bandgap narrowing enhanced photon absorption and improved photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of methylene blue. Overall, Pr–Al co-doping effectively modified the structural and optical properties of SrTiO₃, making it a promising material for efficient photocatalytic applications.
National Food Security Modeling Using the Zero-Inflated Ordered Probit with Correlated Errors (ZIOPC) Approach Vita Ratnasari; Nidya Putri Yudhani; I Nyoman Budiantara; Ismaini Zain
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.444

Abstract

Zero-inflated ordinal data often emerge when the response variable displays both an ordered structure and an excessive number of zero outcomes. Such characteristics are not adequately captured by standard ordinal probit models. To address this limitation, this study employs a zero-inflated ordered probit with correlated errors (ZIOPC) model, which extends the conventional zero-inflated ordered probit (ZIOP) framework by explicitly modeling the dependence between the binary (inflation) and ordinal processes. From a modeling perspective, this study underscores the role of correlated latent errors in enhancing the representation of zero-inflated ordinal data. Parameter estimation was conducted using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) implemented through the limited-memory BFGS with bound constraint (L-BFGS-B) algorithm to efficiently handle constrained optimization involving bivariate normal distributions. Statistical inference was performed using the maximum likelihood ratio test (MLRT) for simultaneous parameter testing, likelihood ratio test (LRT) for assessing the correlation parameter, and Wald test for partial significance of individual parameters. An empirical application using national food security data in Indonesia revealed substantial zero inflation. The results indicated that the correlation parameter was positive and statistically significant, confirming the presence of dependence between the two latent processes. Model comparison further demonstrates that the ZIOPC model provides a significantly better fit than the standard ZIOP model, as evidenced by the substantially lower AIC value of 1082.192 compared with 1187.468 for the ZIOP model. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating correlated errors in modeling zero-inflated ordinal outcomes.
Shrimp Shell-Based Solid-State Fermentation Promotes Dual Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Metabolite in Kocuria palustris 19C38A1 Widyastuti Widyastuti; Fendi Setiawan; Ety Apriliana; Wawan A Setiawan; Peni Ahmadi
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.445

Abstract

The growing impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and cancer highlights the need to develop new and more effective therapeutic agents. Here, we explore a solid-state fermentation (SSF) strategy using shrimp-shell waste to stimulate secondary metabolite of marine Kocuria palustris 19C38A1. Bioautography-guided screening revealed that polar components of the extract (C38FA) showed antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 250 µg/mL), The same fraction demonstrated pronounced cytotoxicity, inhibiting cell viability of A549 and HeLa cancer cells by 89% and 98%, respectively, at 100 μg mL-1 concentration, while showing weaker activity toward MCF-7 cells. Dereplication analysis using LC–MS/MS has annotated six putative metabolites such as terpendole B (1), p-hydroxyphenyl­acetylglutamic acid (2), istamycin C1 (3), lankacidin C (4), anthelmycin (5), and octacosa-hexaenoic acid (6) with mass accuracies within ±0.3 ppm. Notably, four of these compounds have well established antibacterial or cytotoxic properties, consistent with the dual in vitro bioactivity observed. ADME predictions suggested that compounds 1 and 2 are the most promising drug-like candidates, showing high gastrointestinal absorption and low cytochrome P450 liability. Furthermore, computational target prediction indicated potential interactions with proteases, kinases, oxidoreductases, and EGFR associated pathways, further hinting at their dual activity multifunctionality. Molecular docking suggested that compound 1 binds to FtsZ and EGFR, with predicted binding energies of -6.89 and -9.03 kcal/mol, respectively. Collectively, this work suggests that shrimp-shell waste can serve as a sustainable biogenic elicitor that induces marine actinobacteria to produce metabolites with dual pharmacological activities under SSF. These findings highlight a sustainable method for discovering potential dual activity antibacterial and anticancer bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential.
Discovery of Melanogenic Bacteria from Anak Krakatau Volcano Soil through Enzymatic, Antioxidant-Based Screening and Its Volatile Metabolic Profiles Muhammad Asril; Achmad Gus Fahmi; Annisa Maulidia Rahayyu; Taufik Priya Azzahwa; Dian Anggria Sari; Didik Supriyadi
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.446

Abstract

Microbial melanin has attracted increasing attention due to its multifunctional properties, particularly its antioxidant activity, making it attractive for biotechnological applications. Volcanic soils represent extreme, metal-rich ecosystems that may harbor melanogenic bacteria with unique metabolic adaptations. This study aimed to isolate and characterize melanin-producing bacteria from the volcanic soil of Mount Anak Krakatau, evaluating their melanogenic capacity, antioxidant activity, and volatile metabolite profiles. Eight bacterial isolates were obtained using tyrosine agar supplemented with CuSO₄ to selectively promote tyrosinase-mediated melanogenesis. Three isolates (AK3, AK5, and AK7) exhibited clear melanogenic phenotypes, as indicated by the progressive development of brown to black pigmentation during cultivation. Tyrosinase activity and L-DOPA concentration showed dynamic changes throughout the production period, with isolate AK5 demonstrating the highest tyrosinase activity (4,500 ± 135.27 U/mL) and L-DOPA accumulation (up to 89.82 ± 0.13 µg/mL), reflecting efficient biotransformation of L-tyrosine. The antioxidant activity of free-cell supernatants, evaluated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays, yielded substantial values, with AK5 exhibiting the highest performance among the testing isolates and further identified as Bacillus cereus AK5 by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed distinct, isolate-specific volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles, which we hypothesize may reflect adaptive secondary metabolic responses to oxidative stress generated during melanogenesis, though this link requires further experimental validation. To the best of our knowledge and based on the available literature, this study reports the first isolation of melanin-producing bacteria with antioxidant potential from volcanic soil at Mount Anak Krakatau, highlighting this environment as a promising source of melanogenic bacteria for pharmaceutical applications.

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