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Rachmat Hidayat
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Community Medicine and Education Journal
Published by HM Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27742962     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37275/cmej
Core Subject : Humanities, Health, Education,
Humanities Education Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Public Health
CMEJ covers all subjects regarding community medicine and education. The covered research areas as follows community medicine, public health, epidemiology and biostatistics, health policy and administration, public health nutrition, environmental health, occupational health and safety, health promotion, reproductive health, maternal and child health, quality of life, health literacy and communication and their role in developing new healthcare programs, Arts of teaching, Case studies from schools around the world, Change management and education quality, Citizenship education, Classroom management, Computers in educational administration, Differing cultural perceptions of management in education, Distance education and multimedia environments, Early Childhood Education, Economics of education, Educational administration, Education environments (political, social, legal, cultural), Educational leadership, Educational policy and management, Educational systems planning/strategic planning, E-education / E-learning, Entrepreneurial development, Equity and education, Finance and accountability in education, Globalization and education, Human resources management, Individual professional learning portfolio, Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in Education, Special Education and Theories of educational management.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 107 Documents
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Stunting as a Health Problem in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review Yuliarni; Shelly Juliska; Rizka Amayu; Merry Afriliana Sari; Muhammad Alamsyah; Ahmad Azwin Fadhlan; Hamzah Hasyim
Community Medicine and Education Journal Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023): Community Medicine and Education Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/cmej.v4i3.403

Abstract

Stunting, or stunted growth in children, is a serious public health problem in developing countries. The risk factors that contribute to the prevalence of stunting in these countries are complex and multifactorial. In an effort to understand this problem, this study aimed to present a number of risk factors associated with stunting in children in developing countries. Preparing this literature review begins with searching journals, articles, and scientific works through a search engine like Google Scholar and PubMed using the keywords "stunting", "stunting prevalence", "stunting risk factors", "stunting prevention", and "developing countries". The prevalence of stunting cases is still quite high in developing countries. Risk factors for children and mothers play a significant role in the incidence of stunting in children in developing countries. The factors of birth weight, child's age, gender, mother's education level, and family welfare act as the main factors in initiating stunting.
The Role of Food Security in the Incident of Stunting in Toddlers Dicky Permana Putra; Anita Riantina; Bella Nurindalia; Juniarti; Tharisya Ayu Kirana; Dwi Irma Mayang; Haerawati Idris; Rostika Flora; Misnaniarti; Hamzah Hasyim
Community Medicine and Education Journal Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023): Community Medicine and Education Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/cmej.v4i3.405

Abstract

Food security has a direct impact on the nutritional intake received by children. When a community or country is unable to ensure a consistent supply of nutritious food, children become vulnerable to deficiencies in essential nutrients needed for their growth and development. This can cause stunting if not treated properly. This study aimed to present the role of food security in the incidence of stunting in toddlers. The literature search process was carried out on various databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, and Google Scholar) regarding the role of food security on the incidence of stunting in toddlers. This study follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. Food security plays a key role in preventing stunting in children. This includes the availability of sufficient and nutritious food, fair access to food, food security, food diversification, good environmental sanitation, support for farmers, nutrition education, and public awareness about nutritious food. In order to prevent stunting, it is important to ensure that children have adequate access to nutrient-rich and safe food, as well as to educate the public about the importance of good nutrition. With this comprehensive effort, we can create an environment that supports healthy growth and development in children and reduces stunting rates in communities.
Assessing Lean Thinking in Hospital: A Conceptual Framework O, Yancy; Ayuningtyas D
Community Medicine and Education Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Community Medicine and Education Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/cmej.v5i1.411

Abstract

Currently, the lean thinking system has not been implemented in all hospitals in Indonesia, where there is a lot of waste that affects the low quality of service and patient safety. The aims of this study is to develop a conceptual framework as a basis for quantitative assessment of lean thinking systems in Indonesian Hospitals to improve services, increase patient satisfaction and improve hospital quality. In preparing the conceptual framework for the quantitative assessment model of the lean thinking system index, a literature study was carried out through a literature search for journals from several countries and textbooks using the keywords "lean thinking" and "hospital". Literature review was conducted through several data sources, including ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect. The types of literature were research articles with range of years 2012–2022. In total, 86 articles were obtained. The next stage includes screening, checking for duplication of articles and filtering articles based on inclusion criteria, so that there are 8 articles remaining. The 8 articles were reviewed to create a new conceptual framework. The result of the study is lean thinking model designed based on current conditions, expected future conditions, implements lean thinking, and maintains it with continuous improvement. This model is still in the early stages of research and forms the basis for the preparation of subsequent instruments. Currently the model is used in the hospital where the author works. The proposed conceptual framework can become the necessary basis for index development, which can then be used as a basis for further policy interventions to improve services in hospitals. In the end, this model can also improve quality and patient satisfaction.
Demand and Pattern for Endodontic Treatment in Jambi, Indonesia: Original Research Article Azhar, Rodiyah; Prastuti Soewondo
Community Medicine and Education Journal Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023): Community Medicine and Education Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/cmej.v4i3.418

Abstract

There have been a growing number of patients demanding endodontic treatment to save their teeth. This study aimed to determine the pattern of demand and treatment need for root canal treatments at a tertiary healthcare facility in Jambi, Indonesia and update the dental literature with the demand and pattern of root canal treatments as seen in Jambi. This was a retrospective study. Data from 10.429 patients treated at conservative dentitistry clinic, at top two tertiary referral hospital in Jambi. Data was taken from January through December 2022 were reviewed. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 26. The association between categorical variables was assessed using the Chi-square test. Significance level was set at p<0.05. There were 5.940 patients age 15 to 70 years (Mean ± SD 34,60 ± 13,06) of which 3.564 (60.2%) were female and 2.376 (40%) male received root canal treatment. More female patients demanded for root canal treatment but treatment need was greater in female patients and increased with age. Demand for root canal treatment was more prevalent in those < 40 years of age. Central incisors were the most frequently root filled teeth in the maxilla and this was statistically significant (p=0.002). Prevalence of teeth diagnosed Pulpitis Irreversible were the most frequently endodontic treatment. The finding in this study corroborate those of several other previous studies.
The Relationship between Self-Confidence and Teeth Stain Caused by Coffee Consumption and Smoking on Dentistry Student of Universitas Prima Indonesia Nababan, Idamawati; Molek; Sharon Altin Taqwani
Community Medicine and Education Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Community Medicine and Education Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/cmej.v5i1.423

Abstract

Teeth stains occur due to the presence of polyphenol compounds that provide color to beverages, together with inadequate oral hygiene that leads to the formation of calculus and plaque. In addition to coffee, cigarettes are also a contributing factor to the formation of stains. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between self-confidence in dentistry students of Universitas Prima Indonesia and teeth staining from smoking and coffee use. This study is a cross-sectional analytical-observational investigation. This study utilizes original data acquired from research participants. This study involved a cohort of 53 research subjects. The data analysis was conducted using the univariate and bivariate methods in SPSS version 25. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a statistically significant disparity in the average tooth discoloration across individuals with varying levels of self-confidence (p=0.0001; p≤0.05). The findings of this study indicate a correlation between students' self-assurance and alterations in tooth color resulting from smoking and coffee consumption.
Antibacterial Effects of Star Fruit Extract Against Streptococcus sanguinis Purba, Member Reni; Gusbakti Rusip; Salsabilah
Community Medicine and Education Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Community Medicine and Education Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/cmej.v5i1.434

Abstract

Streptococus sanguinis is a pioneer bacteria that colonize the oral cavity, plays a role in plaque formation, and contributes to the development of dental caries. Plaque control is needed to inhibit the growth of microorganisms that cause caries by using herbal plants such as starfruit. The aim of the research was to determine whether or not there was an antibacterial effect of starfruit extract (Averrahoa bilimbilin).) against the bacteria Streptococus sanguinis. This research includes laboratory experiments with the sample as a pure culture of Streptococus sanguinis obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory of North Sumatra University Hospital. There were 5 treatment groups (starfruit extract concentration 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%), positive control (chlorhexidine 0.2%), and negative control (DMSO). The antibacterial effect was tested using the disc diffusion method. Then, the data was analyzed using statistical tests, one-way ANOVA, and, after this, LSD. The research results were obtained mean, and standard deviation of the diameter of the inhibition zone of star fruit extract, concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and positive control for bacteria Streptococus sanguinis were 7.05 ± 0.192 mm, 9.38 ± 0.171 mm, 13.38 ± 0.171 mm, 14.30 ± 0.216 mm, and 14.38 ± 0.096 mm, while the concentration of star fruit extract was 6.25% and the negative control no inhibition zone was found. Test results from one-way ANOVA revealed that there was a significant antibacterial effect of star fruit extract against the bacteria Streptococus sanguinis (p≤0.05). Test results after this LSD found that the antibacterial effect of the 75% concentration extract was not significant with the positive control, and the 6.25% concentration was not significant with the negative control (p>0.05). From the research results, it can be concluded that the higher the concentration of the extract, the higher the antibacterial effect, with the most effective concentration being 75% and the MIC at a concentration of 12.5%.
The Effect of Strawberries as a Natural Teeth Whitening Agent on Tooth Surface Roughness: In Vitro Study Tanjung, Dian Soraya; Daryono; Yemima Christy Ginting
Community Medicine and Education Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Community Medicine and Education Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/cmej.v5i1.440

Abstract

Teeth whitening due to discoloration can be achieved by methods of bleaching. The material used in bleaching conventional methods can have effects on hard tooth tissue, such as increasing tooth surface roughness. Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) have long been known for being effective in whitening teeth. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of strawberries as a natural teeth whitening agent on tooth surface roughness in vitro. This research is an in vitro experiment. The samples were 24 first premolars of the upper jaw and lower jaw, which were divided into two groups. Group 1 (strawberry juice 100%) and group 2 (carbamide peroxide 10%). Testing tooth surface roughness using tools surface roughness tester, then the data was analyzed using statistical test paired t-test and Mann-Whitney. The results of the study showed that the mean and standard deviation of tooth surface roughness before and after application of strawberry fruit juice was 0.37 ± 0.156 and 0.22 ± 0.129, while the 10% carbamide peroxide group obtained the value of tooth surface roughness before and after application was 0.36 ± 0.118 and 0.37 ± 0.263.
The Role of Physical Activity in Menopausal Women Amansyah, Adek; Naurah Al’Ariqoh; Meldawati
Community Medicine and Education Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Community Medicine and Education Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/cmej.v5i1.441

Abstract

Menopause is the permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle due to decreased ovarian function, resulting in a decrease in follicles. A person is said to be experiencing menopause if they do not experience menstruation for 12 months. Symptoms that occur during menopause include somatic, psychological, and urogenital symptoms. Exercise has many benefits for body health. Exercise, such as regular physical activity, is considered to reduce complaints during menopause. This study aims to identify the relationship between various physical activities and menopausal symptoms in women aged 50-60 years in the working area of the Ujunggading Health Center. This research uses a correlation research design with a cross-sectional approach model with a sample size of 75 respondents using the nonprobability sampling method, namely using purposive sampling, data collection using GPAQ and MRS questionnaires, and data analysis using correlation tests. The results of the research from 75 respondents showed that the frequency distribution of the characteristics of respondents with the highest occupation was as a housewife, namely 23 people (30.7%), the highest education was junior high school, namely 20 people (26.7%), and the highest duration of menopause was 5-7 years, namely 36 people (48.0%). Shows that many respondents have physical activity in the moderate category 54 (72%), and many respondents experience menopausal symptoms in the moderate category 37 (49.3%). There is a relationship between physical activity and menopausal symptoms with a p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05). There is a relationship between physical activity and menopausal symptoms where the higher the physical activity carried out, the less menopausal symptoms are felt, menopausal symptoms can be reduced by routinely doing activities and exercising for 15 to 60 minutes every day.
The Relationship between Introvert and Extrovert Personality Types and Stress Levels in the Class of 2020 Students, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia Zakiyyah Qurrota’aini; Wika Hanida; Isnanta, Rahmad
Community Medicine and Education Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Community Medicine and Education Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/cmej.v5i1.442

Abstract

Personality is defined as the overall pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that is often used in terms of adaptation to life. So that certain people can handle stress problems they have experienced for years by resolving threatening problems and situations, both behaviorally and cognitively. This study aims to determine the relationship between introvert and extrovert personality types and stress levels in students in the class of 2020, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia. The research was conducted in July-September 2023. The type of research is descriptive observational. The population covered in the study were students from the 2020 class of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia, totaling 63 samples using purposive sampling techniques. Univariate data analysis is presented in the form of frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using tests of Chi-square data processing using the computerized IBM version 25.0 SPSS program. More than half of the students of the 2020 class of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia have an introverted personality type, namely 42 people (66.7%), almost half of the students of the 2020 class of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia have a moderate level of stress, namely 25 people (39.7%) and there are relationship between introverted personality type and moderate stress levels in 2020 students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia (p=0.004). There is a relationship between introvert and extrovert personality types and stress levels in students in the class of 2020, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia.
The Relationship Between Toothbrushing Habits and the Prevalence of Caries and Calculus in School-Age Children Grades 1-6 at Galilea Hosana School Elementary School, Medan Selayang District of North Sumatra, Indonesia Molek; Mangatas Hutagalung; Aldi H. Theo Braga Bangun
Community Medicine and Education Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Community Medicine and Education Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/cmej.v5i1.455

Abstract

School-aged children constitute a demographic that encounters dental and oral health issues. Poor oral and dental hygiene is associated with the development of caries and calculus. The objective of the study was to establish the relationship between teeth brushing practices and the occurrence of dental caries and calculus in elementary school children from grades 1-6 at Galilea Hosana School, located in the Medan Selayang District of North Sumatra. The research conducted at Galilea Hosana School Elementary School, Medan Selayang District, is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 64 elementary school pupils enrolled at Galilea Hosana School, located in the Medan Selayang District. The students were from grades 1 to 6. The data were gathered through the administration of questionnaires and the physical inspection of the mouth cavity and teeth. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was employed to examine the data. The research findings indicated that the mean calculus score for students was 1.40 ± 0.74, which falls within the category of moderate calculus. On the other hand, the average scores for caries DEFT and DMFT among students were 2.02 ± 2.36 and 1.42 ± 2.06, respectively, placing them in the low caries category. Out of the total number of students, 29 (45.3%) had sufficient tooth-brushing habits, while 19 kids (29.7%) had commendable tooth-brushing practices. Only 16 students (25%) had inadequate tooth-brushing habits. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a statistically significant association (p≤0.05) between teeth brushing behaviors and the occurrence of caries and calculus in school-age children in grades 1-6 at Galilea Hosana School Elementary School, located in the Medan Selayang District of North Sumatra. The research findings indicate a direct relationship between poor tooth-brushing habits and increased levels of calculus and caries.

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