Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry
Aims Mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering science that combines the principles of physics and engineering mathematics with materials science to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems (mechanics, energy, materials, manufacturing) in solving complex engineering problems. Therefore, this journal accommodates all research documentation and reports on technology applications in society and industry from various technology readiness levels (TRL): basic, applied, and report of technology application. Basic - theoretical concepts of natural science, application of engineering mathematics, special and unique materials science, theoretical principles of engineering design, production, energy conversion, or industrial mechatronics/automation that support mechanical engineering analysis with a sustainable engineering perspective. Applied - thermal-mechanical design (energy, applied mechanics, material selection, material strength analysis) to support sustainable design and engineering capabilities. Report of technology application - the impact of technology on economic and social, ecological principles, sustainability principles (sustainability), communication techniques, and factual knowledge that contribute to solving complex and sustainable engineering problems. Scope Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics This scope includes boundary layer control, computational fluid dynamics for engineering design and analysis; turbo engines; aerodynamics in vehicles, trains, planes, ships, and micro flying objects; flow and induction systems; numerical analysis of heat exchangers; design of thermal systems; Wind tunnel experiments; Flow visualization; and all the unique topics related to aerodynamics, mechanics and fluid dynamics, and thermal systems. Combustion and Energy Systems This scope includes the combustion of alternative fuels; low-temperature combustion; combustion of solid particles for hydrogen production; combustion efficiency; thermal energy storage system; porous media; optimization of heat transfer devices; shock wave fundamental propagation mechanism; detonation and explosion; hypersonic aerodynamic computational modeling; high-speed propulsion; thermo-acoustic; low-noise combustion; and all the unique topics related to combustion and energy systems. Design and Manufacturing This scope includes computational synthesis; optimal design methodology; biomimetic design; high-speed product processing; laser-assisted machining; metal plating, micro-machining; studies on the effects of wear and tear; fretting; abrasion; thermoelastic. This scope also includes productivity and cycle time improvements for manufacturing activities; production planning; concurrent engineering; design with remote partners, change management; and involvement of the Industry 4.0 main area in planning, production, and maintenance activities. Dynamics and Control The dynamics and control group includes aerospace systems; autonomous vehicles; biomechanics dynamics; plate and shell dynamics; style control; mechatronics; multibody system; nonlinear dynamics; robotics; space system; mechanical vibration; and all the unique topics related to engine dynamics and control. Materials and Structures The scope of this field includes composite fabrication processes; high-performance composites for automotive, construction, sports equipment, and hospital equipment; natural materials; special materials for energy sensing and harvesting; nanocomposites and micromechanics; the process of modeling and developing nanocomposite polymers; metal alloys; energy efficiency in welding and joining materials; vibration-resistant structure; lightweight-strong design; and all the unique topics related to materials and construction. Vibrations, Acoustics, and Fluid-Structure Interaction This group includes nonlinear vibrations; nonlinear dynamics of lean structures; fluid-structure interactions; nonlinear rotor dynamics; bladed disc; flow-induced vibration; thermoacoustic; biomechanics applications; and all the unique topics related to vibrations, acoustics, and fluid-structure interaction.
Articles
153 Documents
<![CDATA[Flash joule heating synthesis of porous graphene oxide from banana leaf waste for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes ]]>
<![CDATA[Ikhwanul Qiram]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi Sartika]]>;
<![CDATA[Wisnu Kuncoro]]>;
<![CDATA[Willy Satrio Nugroho]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdul Mudjib Sulaiman Wahid]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14658
<![CDATA[This study investigates the synthesis of porous graphene oxide (GO) derived from banana leaf waste using the Flash Joule Heating (FJH) method for supercapacitor electrode applications. Carbonization was conducted at input voltages of 5, 10, and 15 VA for 2 s, followed by activation with 0.3 M KOH. Structural characterization (SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD) confirmed the formation of hierarchical porous carbon with oxygen-containing functional groups. Electrochemical evaluation revealed that the sample synthesized at 10 VA exhibited the best performance, achieving a specific capacitance of 345 F g⁻¹, low internal resistance of 0.65 Ω, and capacitance retention of 95% after 500 cycles. In contrast, the 5 VA sample showed lower conductivity due to its amorphous structure, while the 15 VA sample exhibited reduced capacitance due to excessive macropore formation. These results demonstrate that controlled FJH voltage plays a critical role in optimizing pore structure and electrochemical performance, highlighting banana leaf-derived GO as a promising and sustainable electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.]]>
<![CDATA[The influence of coffee ground waste on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of polymer-based 3D printing filament materials ]]>
<![CDATA[Sally Cahyati]]>;
<![CDATA[Rudi Krusdianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Daisman Purnomo Bayyu Aji]]>;
<![CDATA[Januar Parlaungan Siregar]]>;
<![CDATA[Joddy Arya Laskmono]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14897
<![CDATA[The development of polymer-based 3D printing filaments is challenged by the need for greater mechanical strength and thermal stability. Coffee grounds waste was selected as a filler to enhance the properties of polylactic acid (PLA), a widely used polymer filament. The coffee grounds were treated with NaOH to remove lignin, hemicellulose, and impurities, thereby improving their compatibility with the PLA matrix. The treated filler was incorporated into the polymer matrix at 2%- 8% w/w and molded into standard tensile test specimens according to ASTM D638. Mechanical testing and thermal analysis were performed to assess the performance of the resulting biocomposites. Results indicate that increasing the filler content in 2% w/w increments up to 8% w/w enhances tensile strength by approximately 1.5 MPa, tensile strain by 0.002, and elastic modulus by 30.378 MPa. Thermal analysis also shows an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) from 59°C to 66°C and a rise in degradation peak temperature from 335.9°C to 371.1°C. These enhancements are attributed to improved interfacial adhesion between the treated filler and the PLA matrix, which restricts polymer chain mobility. Alkali-treated coffee grounds waste thus represents a promising sustainable filler for enhancing the mechanical and thermal performance of polymer-based 3D printing filaments.]]>
<![CDATA[Dual pillars of agro-energy transition: Irrigation efficiency and corn waste pyrolysis-fermentation for sustainable ethanol production in Papua lowlands ]]>
<![CDATA[Suyatno]]>;
<![CDATA[Helen Riupassa]]>;
<![CDATA[Marthina Mini]]>;
<![CDATA[Rolling S. Gaspersz]]>;
<![CDATA[Hendry Y. Nanlohy]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15625
<![CDATA[Agricultural intensification in Indonesia increasingly relies on fossil energy inputs while leaving substantial agricultural residues underutilized. In Papua’s Keerom lowlands (<100 m altitude), maize expansion has created opportunities for integrating sustainable irrigation management with biomass-based energy systems. This study proposes a dual-pillar agro-energy framework combining irrigation efficiency analysis with pyrolysis–fermentation pathways for valorizing corn residues, particularly cobs and husks. Field survey data from 45 respondents were used to estimate energy inputs in maize cultivation, while pilot-scale pyrolysis experiments (450–550 °C) were conducted to evaluate biochar and bioenergy co-product generation. Results show that total energy input for corn production in Keerom averages 3,950 MJ ha⁻¹, substantially lower than values reported for mechanized highland systems. Slow pyrolysis produced approximately 27% biochar, 38% bio-oil, and 35% syngas, with biochar exhibiting a calorific value of 25.5 MJ kg⁻¹. Ethanol production through dilute acid hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification fermentation yielded 28.3 L per 100 kg corn feedstock. The integrated system demonstrates potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing agricultural waste while generating decentralized renewable energy. These findings highlight the feasibility of circular agro-energy systems in tropical lowland environments and provide insights for sustainable biofuel development in eastern Indonesia.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparative performance of tapioca-starch bioplastics reinforced with pandan and grass jelly extracts ]]>
<![CDATA[Putu Hadi Setyarini]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdul Mujib Sulaiman Wahid]]>;
<![CDATA[Madza Awwalul ‘Atieq]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Rif’at Zulkarnain]]>;
<![CDATA[Sisca Fajriani]]>;
<![CDATA[Francisca Gayuh Utami Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwi Hadi Sulistyarini]]>;
<![CDATA[Ferry Bayu Setiawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.16050
<![CDATA[The development of biodegradable plastics with tunable performance is critical for replacing petroleum-based polymers in engineering applications. This study systematically compares tapioca-starch-based bioplastics reinforced with Pandanus amaryllifolius (PA) and Cyclea barbata Miers (CBM) extracts to elucidate their structure–property–degradation relationships. Bioplastic films were fabricated via solution casting and characterized through mechanical testing, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), soil-burial biodegradation tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that pandan–tapioca films (PTF) exhibit higher tensile strength and Young’s modulus, which are likely associated with the presence of lignocellulosic constituents in the pandan-derived extract and a more compact microstructural organization. In contrast, grass-jelly–tapioca films (GTF) demonstrate higher elongation at break, which may be related to the presence of water-soluble polysaccharide constituents in the CBM-derived extract that promote greater polymer-chain mobility. Differences in intermolecular interactions and morphology directly govern thermal resistance and degradation behavior, with PTF showing controlled degradation and GTF exhibiting rapid environmental breakdown. These findings establish a comparative materials-design framework for tailoring starch-based bioplastics toward specific mechanical durability and service-life requirements.]]>
<![CDATA[An experimental approach to evaluate the stability and thermal conductivity of SiO₂/oil as green nanolubricant ]]>
<![CDATA[Anwar Ilmar Ramadhan]]>;
<![CDATA[Tri Yuni Hendrawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Kushendarsyah Saptaji]]>;
<![CDATA[Efrizon Umar]]>;
<![CDATA[Kukuh Haryadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15463
<![CDATA[The application of nanotechnology in lubrication science has enabled the creation of nanolubricants with superior stability, improved thermal performance, and greater environmental compatibility than conventional lubricants. In this work, the stability and thermal conductivity of SiO₂ nanoparticles dispersed in base oil were experimentally examined as a green nanolubricant. SiO₂ nanoparticles were chosen owing to their chemical inertness, excellent thermal resistance, and eco-friendly nature. The nanolubricants were synthesized using a two-step method at volume concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%, with ultrasonication applied to ensure uniform particle distribution. Their stability was assessed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry, zeta potential testing, and visual sedimentation monitoring over 30 days. Thermal conductivity was determined via the transient hot-wire method. The results demonstrated that incorporating SiO₂ nanoparticles enhanced thermal conductivity by up to 12% compared to the base lubricant. Furthermore, stability evaluation showed zeta potential values of 41.2 mV, confirming strong electrostatic repulsion and low levels of agglomeration. Overall, these outcomes emphasize the promise of SiO₂-based green nanolubricants for thermal engineering applications, offering efficient and sustainable substitutes for traditional lubricants.]]>
<![CDATA[Corrigendum to “The new modification of a solar still chamber with hollow glass: An experimental comparison between perpendicular and inline hollow glass configurations” [MESI Vol. 5, No. 2 (2025) pp 331-341]: Refers to: https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.13238 ]]>
<![CDATA[Eko Prasetyo Budiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhamad Dwi Septiyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Satria Auliansyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Naufal Rizky Sayyid]]>;
<![CDATA[Indri Yaningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Syamsul Hadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.17044
<![CDATA[In the original article (https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.13238), inaccuracies were identified in the reporting of productivity and thermal efficiency values cited from Reference [35] in Table 3 and the corresponding discussion in Section 4.2. Following a notification received by the Editorial Office and subsequent verification of the cited source, the authors agreed to revise the affected content. The corrections are presented below to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the published record.All corrections are provided in detail in the PDF file.Supplementary file S1: Letter to Editor]]>
<![CDATA[Finite element analysis of L4-S1 intervertebral disc stress during ruku’ posture in islamic prayer movements ]]>
<![CDATA[Ojo Kurdi]]>;
<![CDATA[Kusuma Febriyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Hasyid Ahmad Wicaksono]]>;
<![CDATA[Tri Indah Winarni]]>;
<![CDATA[Jamari]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14467
<![CDATA[Bowing movement (ruku') in Islamic prayer requires repeated spinal flexion, which may impose mechanical stress on the spinal structures, particularly in lumbar region. This risk is potentially aggravated in individuals with spinal disorders such as disc degeneration or Hernia Nucleus Pulposus (HNP). Although ruku' posture is a routine daily activity among Muslims, biomechanical investigations into stress distribution during this posture remain limited. This study used finite element model (FEM) to examine von Mises stress distribution in intervertebral disc (IVD) at L4/L5 and L5/S1 levels during flexion movements from 0° to 90°. The geometric model was generated from a CT scan of a 55-year-old male patient. The simulation was conducted under an axial load of 500 N, which was resolved in accordance with the flexion angle's direction. The spinal structure was designed to include the cortical bone, cancellous bone, annulus fibrosus (AF), nucleus pulposus (NP), and related ligaments. The results showed that an increase in the flexion angle led to a substantial accumulation of stress, specifically inside AF and NP. L5/S1 segment demonstrated the greatest stress levels, with distribution mostly focused in the anterior portion of the disc. The highest stress in L5/S1 AF escalated over five times at 90° flexion relative to the upright posture. This pattern indicates a possible posterior displacement of NP, which may theoretically increase the biomechanical risk factors associated with disc herniation over time. Repetitive and intense bowing movements (ruku') can exert significant mechanical stress on the lower lumbar spine, specifically at L5/S1 segment. These results underscore the significance of biomechanical comprehension in religious activities and provide a foundational numerical framework to inform future musculoskeletal investigations regarding postural safety.]]>
<![CDATA[Review on effect of interpass temperature for wire arc additive manufacturing process ]]>
<![CDATA[Nor Ana Rosli]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohd Rizal Alkahari]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohd Hadzley Abu Bakar]]>;
<![CDATA[Lailatul Harina Paijan]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohd Syafiq Abd Aziz]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Nordin Mohamad Norani]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14790
<![CDATA[Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) enables the efficient fabrication of large metal components through high deposition rates. The process offers notable advantages, including the ability to produce complex geometries and reduce overall manufacturing costs. However, forming accuracy remains a major limitation. The layer-by-layer deposition approach in WAAM often leads to geometrical distortion, which negatively impacts dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Therefore, this review focuses on the influence of interpass temperature in the range from 15°C to 600°C for controlling the heat accumulation and improving dimensional accuracy. The effects of interpass temperature on macrostructure, microstructure, and mechanical properties are critically discussed in various materials. The findings reveal that, despite its significant impact on build quality, standardized interpass temperature guidelines and material-specific optimization strategies remain limited, highlighting the need for systematic investigations and integrated thermal–process control frameworks in future WAAM research.]]>
<![CDATA[Influence of oil palm frond fiber loading on the morphological, mechanical, and acoustic properties of polyurethane composite foams ]]>
<![CDATA[Budi Istana]]>;
<![CDATA[Adriyan]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Mulyadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Cici Maarasyid]]>;
<![CDATA[Jeefferie Abd Razak]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14926
<![CDATA[The development of sustainable acoustic materials is increasingly important for reducing environmental impact while maintaining functional performance. In this study, rigid polyurethane (PU) foams reinforced with oil palm frond (OPF) fibers were fabricated with fiber loadings of 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt% to investigate the structure–property–performance relationship. Morphological characterization by SEM revealed that increasing fiber content refined pore size from ~539–742 µm in neat PU to ~224–663 µm at 15 wt% OPF, with higher tortuosity and evidence of fiber pull-out. Mechanical testing showed that maximum compressive stress decreased systematically with fiber addition (0.19 N/mm² in neat PU to 0.10 N/mm² at 15 wt%), reflecting increased slurry viscosity, fiber agglomeration, and imperfect interfacial adhesion. Acoustic measurements demonstrated that 5 wt% OPF provided superior high-frequency absorption (α ≈ 0.95 at 2000 Hz), while 10 wt% OPF consistently underperformed due to pore blockage. At 15 wt%, absorption became more stable across mid-to-high frequencies (0.35–0.60), and when combined with a 10 mm air gap, the composites exhibited enhanced broadband performance, particularly between 400–1600 Hz. These results establish a clear link between fiber loading, cell morphology, compressive strength, and acoustic behavior. Low fiber contents are best suited for hybrid strength–acoustic applications, while higher loadings combined with cavity backing offer an eco-friendly route to broadband sound absorbers. The findings highlight OPF fibers as a promising renewable reinforcement for multifunctional PU foams in building and automotive insulation.]]>
<![CDATA[Tribological and mechanical performance of epoxy composites reinforced with iron sand and carbon fillers: A Systematic review with experimental perspective ]]>
<![CDATA[Willy Artha Wirawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi Puspitasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayan Sabitah]]>;
<![CDATA[Mukhlis Muslimin]]>;
<![CDATA[Edi Widodo]]>;
<![CDATA[R.A. Ilyas]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15981
<![CDATA[Epoxy composites are widely used in structural and tribological applications because they combine good adhesion, corrosion resistance, and mechanical stability with relatively simple processing. Their main limitation is inadequate wear resistance under sustained sliding or abrasive contact. A growing body of literature therefore explores the incorporation of mineral fillers and carbon-based additives to improve both tribological and mechanical performance. This review critically examines epoxy composites reinforced with mineral iron sand and carbon fillers, with emphasis on processing routes, microstructural evolution, interfacial behavior, wear response, hardness, and flexural properties. The review also places this material system within the broader context of polymer composites used in automotive, aerospace, gears, electronics, and tribological components. Across the literature, iron-rich fillers mainly improve stiffness, hardness, and load-bearing ability, whereas carbon fillers reduce friction and facilitate the formation of lubricating transfer layers. However, the benefits are non-linear. Intermediate carbon loading often yields the best compromise between wear resistance and flexural strength, while excessive loading tends to increase agglomeration, porosity, and stress concentration. The review further re-examines common interpretations of XRD, FTIR, and SEM results and highlights important methodological limitations. Finally, it identifies research gaps related to long-term durability, fatigue, thermal cycling, surface treatment of carbon particles, and data-driven optimization of filler content for engineering applications.]]>
