Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry
Aims Mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering science that combines the principles of physics and engineering mathematics with materials science to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems (mechanics, energy, materials, manufacturing) in solving complex engineering problems. Therefore, this journal accommodates all research documentation and reports on technology applications in society and industry from various technology readiness levels (TRL): basic, applied, and report of technology application. Basic - theoretical concepts of natural science, application of engineering mathematics, special and unique materials science, theoretical principles of engineering design, production, energy conversion, or industrial mechatronics/automation that support mechanical engineering analysis with a sustainable engineering perspective. Applied - thermal-mechanical design (energy, applied mechanics, material selection, material strength analysis) to support sustainable design and engineering capabilities. Report of technology application - the impact of technology on economic and social, ecological principles, sustainability principles (sustainability), communication techniques, and factual knowledge that contribute to solving complex and sustainable engineering problems. Scope Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics This scope includes boundary layer control, computational fluid dynamics for engineering design and analysis; turbo engines; aerodynamics in vehicles, trains, planes, ships, and micro flying objects; flow and induction systems; numerical analysis of heat exchangers; design of thermal systems; Wind tunnel experiments; Flow visualization; and all the unique topics related to aerodynamics, mechanics and fluid dynamics, and thermal systems. Combustion and Energy Systems This scope includes the combustion of alternative fuels; low-temperature combustion; combustion of solid particles for hydrogen production; combustion efficiency; thermal energy storage system; porous media; optimization of heat transfer devices; shock wave fundamental propagation mechanism; detonation and explosion; hypersonic aerodynamic computational modeling; high-speed propulsion; thermo-acoustic; low-noise combustion; and all the unique topics related to combustion and energy systems. Design and Manufacturing This scope includes computational synthesis; optimal design methodology; biomimetic design; high-speed product processing; laser-assisted machining; metal plating, micro-machining; studies on the effects of wear and tear; fretting; abrasion; thermoelastic. This scope also includes productivity and cycle time improvements for manufacturing activities; production planning; concurrent engineering; design with remote partners, change management; and involvement of the Industry 4.0 main area in planning, production, and maintenance activities. Dynamics and Control The dynamics and control group includes aerospace systems; autonomous vehicles; biomechanics dynamics; plate and shell dynamics; style control; mechatronics; multibody system; nonlinear dynamics; robotics; space system; mechanical vibration; and all the unique topics related to engine dynamics and control. Materials and Structures The scope of this field includes composite fabrication processes; high-performance composites for automotive, construction, sports equipment, and hospital equipment; natural materials; special materials for energy sensing and harvesting; nanocomposites and micromechanics; the process of modeling and developing nanocomposite polymers; metal alloys; energy efficiency in welding and joining materials; vibration-resistant structure; lightweight-strong design; and all the unique topics related to materials and construction. Vibrations, Acoustics, and Fluid-Structure Interaction This group includes nonlinear vibrations; nonlinear dynamics of lean structures; fluid-structure interactions; nonlinear rotor dynamics; bladed disc; flow-induced vibration; thermoacoustic; biomechanics applications; and all the unique topics related to vibrations, acoustics, and fluid-structure interaction.
Articles
130 Documents
<![CDATA[Effect of calcination temperature on the thermo-structural behavior and morphology of natural clay for eco-friendly composite applications ]]>
<![CDATA[Edi Syafri]]>;
<![CDATA[Salman Salman]]>;
<![CDATA[Jamaluddin Jamaluddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Nasmi Herlina Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Suteja Suteja]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14144
<![CDATA[Natural clay is a low-cost and abundant material with potential as a sustainable filler in composite applications. Although natural clay has been widely explored as a sustainable filler material, systematic studies correlating calcination temperature with simultaneous thermal, structural, and morphological evolution remain limited. This study aims to evaluate how different calcination temperatures affect the thermal, structural, morphological, and physical properties of natural clay to determine its suitability for eco-friendly composite use. Clay powders were thermally treated at 600 °C (CCB), 700 °C (CCG), and 800 °C (CCM), and comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and physical testing. The results indicate that increasing calcination temperature significantly enhances crystallinity, and thermal stability, with the CCM sample (800 °C) exhibiting the most pronounced improvements. The CCM sample, calcined at 800 °C, exhibited the highest crystallinity index (72%), the lowest water absorption, the most compact microstructure, and the highest bulk density (6100 ± 40 kg/m³). TGA revealed improved thermal resistance up to 600 °C, with increasing char residue values from 38.2% (raw) to 48.2% (CCM), indicating enhanced thermal stability. FTIR analysis confirmed the reduction of hydroxyl and carbonate groups, particularly in the CCM sample. SEM observations showed a transformation from porous, irregular morphologies in raw clay to dense and homogeneous particles after calcination. These findings confirm that high-temperature calcined clay, especially the CCM sample, presents excellent potential as a sustainable filler material for high-performance green composites.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of forging pressure and rotational speed on the quality of rotary friction welding of Al 6063 and copper joints ]]>
<![CDATA[Yeni Muriani Zulaida]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Anis]]>;
<![CDATA[Mahfudz Al Huda]]>;
<![CDATA[Kirman Kirman]]>;
<![CDATA[Hermawan Agus Suhartono]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14491
<![CDATA[This study investigates the effect of forging/upset pressure and high rotational speed on the quality of dissimilar metal joints between aluminum 6063 (Al6063) and copper (Cu). The method uses solid-state rotary friction welding (RFW) method. Joining dissimilar metals poses challenges due to significant differences in thermal conductivity, melting point, and mechanical properties. At high rotational speeds, the increased heating rate and higher frictional pressure result in greater deformation of the aluminum component. A novel aspect of this research lies in its systematic evaluation of the combined effects of forging pressure and rotational speed in an area that has received limited attention in prior RFW studies. Despite not achieving full joint efficiency, the results demonstrate that increasing forging pressure significantly enhanced joint strength up to an optimum level. Consequently, higher rotational speeds led to larger and more irregular flash due to rapid heat generation. However, a well-balanced combination between pressure and speed produced stronger joints with less flash. Excessive pressure was found to widen flash formation, while the heat generation from high rotational speeds diminished after material deformation. The RFW process in this study reached temperatures approaching 300°C; a very few intermetallic phases were detected at the Al/Cu interface. These findings contribute valuable insights into improving the weldability and mechanical performance of dissimilar Al-Cu through parameter optimization in RFW parameters.]]>
<![CDATA[Igniting the flame, maximizing energy: The effectiveness of nutmeg oil as a bioadditive in B20 droplet combustion ]]>
<![CDATA[Rachmat Subagyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Mastiadi Tamjidilah]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdul Ghofur]]>;
<![CDATA[Rudi Siswanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Ma'ruf Ma'ruf]]>;
<![CDATA[Wardoyo Wardoyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Muchsin Muchsin]]>;
<![CDATA[Purnomo Purnomo]]>;
<![CDATA[Atma Cahyo Anggono]]>;
<![CDATA[Faisal Fadillah]]>;
<![CDATA[Anugrah Perdana Putra]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14499
<![CDATA[This study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of adding nutmeg oil (Myristica fragrans) as a bioadditive on the combustion characteristics of Biosolar B20 fuel droplets, addressing its inherent drawbacks such as longer ignition delay and incomplete combustion. Nutmeg oil iss selected due to its high oxygenated compound content and potential to enhance combustion efficiency and ignition quality. Key parameters examined include ignition delay time, combustion duration, burning rate, flash point, flame height, and peak temperature during the combustion process. Nutmeg oil was added in volumes ranging from 1 to 5 mL to the B20 mixture, and the combustion experiments were carried out using a droplet-based method to observe ignition and burning behavior under controlled conditions. The results showed that the addition of nutmeg oil significantly reduced the ignition delay time from 6.74 seconds (pure B20) to 1.38 seconds (5 mL nutmeg oil), along with decreases in combustion duration and flash point. Conversely, the burning rate increased from 0.53 mm²/s to 1.04 mm²/s, and the maximum temperature rose from 409.4°C to 553.3°C. GC-MS analysis revealed an increase in active volatile compounds such as α-pinene and myristicin, which enhanced the combustion process. ANOVA and Tukey HSD statistical tests confirmed that the differences among treatments were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Overall, this study highlights the potential of nutmeg oil–blended B20 fuel for practical engine applications and its contribution to sustainable energy development.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of deposition current on bead geometry characteristics of low carbon steel single wall structure fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing ]]>
<![CDATA[Danny Wicaksono]]>;
<![CDATA[Ario Sunar Baskoro]]>;
<![CDATA[Nicholas Ego Guarsa]]>;
<![CDATA[Gandjar Kiswanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Syarif Junaidi]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14623
<![CDATA[Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is gaining popularity due to its ability to produce large metal parts quickly and efficiently. It produces less waste and has a more efficient production time than subtractive manufacturing. However, those capabilities come with unavoidable disadvantages, post-processing by machining becomes necessary to achieve the desired product dimension. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the bead geometry and utilization area of the WAAM-fabricated structure by varying the deposition current. The wall-structured specimens were fabricated using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) with motorized drivers for x, y, and z coordinates. The material used in this research was low carbon steel ER70S-6 filler metal with ASTM A36 low carbon steel substrate. The Varying parameter was deposition current with other related process parameters remaining constant. Material testing and characterization techniques included geometric measurement by profile projector plotted into a scattered diagram, and the cross section of the specimens were observed using a digital microscope. The experiment resulted in increased bead dimension in width and height along with increased deposition current. The largest bead dimension was achieved in 180A deposition current with average bead width and height was 6.84 mm and 1.6 mm respectively. The best deposition current was 160A, with highest area utilization of 81.43% and width uniformity.]]>
<![CDATA[Systematic literature review on autonomous ground vehicles for airport operations: Challenges, risks, and technological innovations ]]>
<![CDATA[Ayudhia Pangestu Gusti]]>;
<![CDATA[Ludfi Pratiwi Bowo]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Hidayanti Mutia Kurnia]]>;
<![CDATA[Prastya Rizky Ramadhan]]>;
<![CDATA[Tetty Sulastri]]>;
<![CDATA[Tris Handoyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Sinung Nugroho]]>;
<![CDATA[Indra Kurniawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Subaryata Subaryata]]>;
<![CDATA[I Kadek Candra Parmana Wiguna]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14635
<![CDATA[This systematic literature review explores the integration of Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGVs) into airport operations, focusing on key challenges, associated risks, and enabling technological innovations. The adoption of AGVs promises significant improvements in efficiency, safety, and sustainability across tasks such as baggage handling, aircraft towing, and runway maintenance. However, deploying AGVs in the dynamic, complex environments of airports presents significant obstacles, including challenges related to perception accuracy, sensor limitations, real-time decision-making, and cyber security risks. We applied the PRISMA methodology to screen 206 peer-reviewed articles from major databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. After screening, 14 studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The findings highlight the importance of advanced perception systems, multi-agent coordination, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based algorithms in enhancing AGVs performance. Furthermore, emerging innovations such as sensor fusion, transfer learning, and simulation-based development have proven effective in improving reliability and operational efficiency. This review contributes to current understanding of AGVs applications in airports and provides practical insights and recommendations for future research and development.]]>
<![CDATA[Experimental investigation of two-phase flow characteristics of nitrogen-CMC solution and nitrogen-XG solution in A 0.8 mm X 0.8 mm square capillary tube in a horizontal position ]]>
<![CDATA[Sudarja Sudarja]]>;
<![CDATA[Deendarlianto Deendarlianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukamta Sukamta]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmad Kuncoro Adi]]>;
<![CDATA[Fitroh Anugrah Kusuma Yudha]]>;
<![CDATA[Rafil Arizona]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15041
<![CDATA[Two-phase gas–liquid flow in small channels is important in mini/micro heat exchangers, flow chemistry and hydrogen transport subsystems (such as fuel cell manifolds and electrolysers), which require control of pressure loss and stable regimes. However, there is still a limited database of combinations of nitrogen gas and non-Newtonian fluids in square capillary pipes, even though shear-thinning properties can shift the transition map and increase sensitivity to superficial velocity. This study aims to address this issue by experimentally characterizing pressure gradients and flow patterns. Methods include testing nitrogen–polymer solutions in horizontal 0.8 × 0.8 mm square capillary tubes. The test fluids are carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum (XG), at concentrations of 0.2% and 0.4% by mass. The operating range included gas superficial velocity (JG) of 0.3–7.8 m/s and liquid superficial velocity (JL) of 0.03–1 m/s. The pressure gradient (Δp/L) was measured differentially, while the interface configuration was recorded for regime identification and flow pattern mapping. The results show that JL primarily controls the base level of Δp/L, while JG triggers a further increase once the transition threshold has been passed. Increasing the concentration from 0.2% to 0.4% raised Δp/L in all JG–JL combinations and advanced the transition. XG exhibited stronger shear thinning than CMC, resulting in a generally lower Δp/L, narrower churn regions and a more gradual transition from slug to annular flow. Flow pattern maps confirm the presence of a bubbly/plug domain at low JG, churn at medium and high JG–JL combinations, and annular flow at low JL and high JG. These findings provide an operating window to avoid churn and direct the system towards either stable bubbly/plug or stable annular flow. This is highly relevant for designing low- to medium-pressure hydrogen transport systems in small channels.]]>
<![CDATA[Energy, exergy, and economic (3E) of a single slope solar still by integrating hollow circular fins and soybean wax as a thermal energy storage system ]]>
<![CDATA[Irfan Santosa]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhamad Dwi Septiyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Solikin Andriyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Eko Prasetya Budiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Syamsul Hadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15162
<![CDATA[Energy, exergy, and economic value are examined for the efficiency and sustainability of a unique design for a single-slope solar still that utilizes hollow cylindrical fins and soybean wax as a phase change material (PCM). The three cases outlined, among others: case 1, a conventional single slope solar still (CS4); case 2, with hollow cylindrical fins (HCFS4), and case 3 with hollow cylindrical fins and soybean wax as PCM (HCFSWS4). Performance experimental evaluations of the three cases under the same meteorological conditions ensure a fair comparison of their performances and are carried out for 5 days of testing. The experimental results show that the distillate water yield over five days is 0.986 L/m2/day, 1.243 L/m2/day, and 1.364 L/m2/day for cases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Also, the maximum energy efficiencies of cases 1, 2, and 3 are 48.9%, 66.1%, and 77.6%, respectively. It is observed that the average exergy efficiency in cases 1,2, and 3 is 33%, 40%, and 42%, respectively. Furthermore, economic analysis findings revealed that the costs per liter per square meter for cases 1, 2, and 3 are 0.06$/L/m2, 0.05$/L/m2, and 0.05$/L/m2, respectively.]]>
<![CDATA[The role of aromatic rings, heterocyclic rings, and hydroxyl groups in increasing hydrogen production using activated carbon-based photocatalysts ]]>
<![CDATA[Fitria Indra Septi]]>;
<![CDATA[Willy Satrio Nugroho]]>;
<![CDATA[Purnami Purnami]]>;
<![CDATA[Dionysius Joseph Djoko Herry Santjojo]]>;
<![CDATA[I Nyoman Gede Wardana]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15190
<![CDATA[Hydrogen production using photocatalysis with activated carbon (AC) combined with curcumin and CTP has been investigated. Curcumin contains two aromatic rings and two –OH groups, while CTP contains two aromatic rings, one pyran heterocyclic ring, and six –OH groups at specific positions. However, the combined performance of these materials with AC has not been fully optimized, highlighting the need for further research to understand their chemical interactions in photocatalytic processes and their potential for renewable energy applications. This study aimed to determine the role of pyran heterocyclic rings and –OH groups in hydrogen production. The results showed that hydrogen production using pure AC was 115.75 μmol/g, while AC + curcumin and AC + CTP produced 1297.8 μmol/g and 1462.6 μmol/g, respectively. The higher hydrogen production in AC + CTP compared to AC + curcumin is attributed to the presence of pyran heterocyclic rings, which enhance photocatalyst stability and efficiency by reducing electron–hole recombination and expanding the light absorption spectrum, thereby increasing hydrogen evolution. Although the stacking interactions and active sites in the form of –OH, C–H, and C–O groups in AC + CTP are fewer than in AC + curcumin, the presence of oxygen atoms in the pyran heterocyclic ring contributes to greater hydrogen production. This study contributes to the selection of effective photocatalyst materials based on compound composition to support clean and sustainable hydrogen energy as an alternative to fossil fuels.]]>
<![CDATA[Indonesian engineers, the free nutritious meal program (MBG) needs you! ]]>
<![CDATA[Muji Setiyo]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.16112
<![CDATA[Indonesia's Free Nutrition Meal Program (Makan Bergizi Gratis, MBG), launched in January 2025, is a national social policy designed to improve the nutritional quality of schoolchildren and strengthen social justice. However, in the early stages of implementation, various obstacles such as uneven distribution of services, lack of standard operating procedures, weak supervision, and cases of food poisoning indicate systemic vulnerabilities in kitchen operations. MBG kitchens are not home-scale kitchens, but rather industrial-scale food production facilities that handle perishable food under high time pressure. Therefore, food quality control and safety cannot be adequately addressed through human resource management and training alone but require the integration of engineering into system design and control. In response to these concerns, this editorial calls for the involvement of interdisciplinary engineers to provide evidence-based critique and input on the standardization and sustainability of MBG kitchens. Several engineering needs have been identified, including energy-efficient hot water systems, cold chains, tableware sterilization, ventilation, ergonomic layouts, wastewater management, water recovery, modular kitchens for remote areas, conveyor-based washing automation, and remote process monitoring and recording. In addition, the involvement of engineers and professional associations is essential in formulating and refining evidence-based policies to optimize implementation, while also reducing risks during MBG operations.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization of glass fiber reinforced polymer composite using response surface methodology for application on train panels ]]>
<![CDATA[Yuni Hermawan]]>;
<![CDATA[I Gusti Ketut Puja]]>;
<![CDATA[Hendry Y. Nanlohy]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13090
<![CDATA[Advancements in science and technology are creating challenges for conventional materials such as metals, often struggle to meet the demands of modern industry. In response to the issue, train industry has begun developing applications of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite for interior panels. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the impact of fiber volume fraction and arrangement direction on tensile as well as bending tests. This research also aimed to identify variations in composite manufacturing process parameters to achieve optimal tensile and bending strength values. The research methodology was an experimental procedure with data analysis using Statistics Software. During the analysis, the results showed that the fiber volume fraction of 30% with the fiber arrangement direction of 0° produced optimal tensile and bending strength values. Tensile and bending tests produced results of 100.82 kg/mm2 and 102.27 kg/mm2, respectively. A high fiber volume fraction led to optimal tensile and bending strength values because the fiber served as the main reinforcement. Additionally, direction of the fiber arrangement played a significant role, with 0° fiber orientation producing better results due to a more even fiber distribution compared to 90° direction. The results of this research could be applied to the wall panels in the railway industry.]]>
