Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry
Aims Mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering science that combines the principles of physics and engineering mathematics with materials science to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems (mechanics, energy, materials, manufacturing) in solving complex engineering problems. Therefore, this journal accommodates all research documentation and reports on technology applications in society and industry from various technology readiness levels (TRL): basic, applied, and report of technology application. Basic - theoretical concepts of natural science, application of engineering mathematics, special and unique materials science, theoretical principles of engineering design, production, energy conversion, or industrial mechatronics/automation that support mechanical engineering analysis with a sustainable engineering perspective. Applied - thermal-mechanical design (energy, applied mechanics, material selection, material strength analysis) to support sustainable design and engineering capabilities. Report of technology application - the impact of technology on economic and social, ecological principles, sustainability principles (sustainability), communication techniques, and factual knowledge that contribute to solving complex and sustainable engineering problems. Scope Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics This scope includes boundary layer control, computational fluid dynamics for engineering design and analysis; turbo engines; aerodynamics in vehicles, trains, planes, ships, and micro flying objects; flow and induction systems; numerical analysis of heat exchangers; design of thermal systems; Wind tunnel experiments; Flow visualization; and all the unique topics related to aerodynamics, mechanics and fluid dynamics, and thermal systems. Combustion and Energy Systems This scope includes the combustion of alternative fuels; low-temperature combustion; combustion of solid particles for hydrogen production; combustion efficiency; thermal energy storage system; porous media; optimization of heat transfer devices; shock wave fundamental propagation mechanism; detonation and explosion; hypersonic aerodynamic computational modeling; high-speed propulsion; thermo-acoustic; low-noise combustion; and all the unique topics related to combustion and energy systems. Design and Manufacturing This scope includes computational synthesis; optimal design methodology; biomimetic design; high-speed product processing; laser-assisted machining; metal plating, micro-machining; studies on the effects of wear and tear; fretting; abrasion; thermoelastic. This scope also includes productivity and cycle time improvements for manufacturing activities; production planning; concurrent engineering; design with remote partners, change management; and involvement of the Industry 4.0 main area in planning, production, and maintenance activities. Dynamics and Control The dynamics and control group includes aerospace systems; autonomous vehicles; biomechanics dynamics; plate and shell dynamics; style control; mechatronics; multibody system; nonlinear dynamics; robotics; space system; mechanical vibration; and all the unique topics related to engine dynamics and control. Materials and Structures The scope of this field includes composite fabrication processes; high-performance composites for automotive, construction, sports equipment, and hospital equipment; natural materials; special materials for energy sensing and harvesting; nanocomposites and micromechanics; the process of modeling and developing nanocomposite polymers; metal alloys; energy efficiency in welding and joining materials; vibration-resistant structure; lightweight-strong design; and all the unique topics related to materials and construction. Vibrations, Acoustics, and Fluid-Structure Interaction This group includes nonlinear vibrations; nonlinear dynamics of lean structures; fluid-structure interactions; nonlinear rotor dynamics; bladed disc; flow-induced vibration; thermoacoustic; biomechanics applications; and all the unique topics related to vibrations, acoustics, and fluid-structure interaction.
Articles
130 Documents
<![CDATA[The new modification of a solar still chamber with hollow glass: An experimental comparison between perpendicular and inline hollow glass configurations ]]>
<![CDATA[Eko Prasetya Budiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhamad Dwi Septiyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Satria Auliansyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Naufal Rizky Sayyid]]>;
<![CDATA[Indri Yaningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Syamsul Hadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13238
<![CDATA[Researchers around the world are conducting comprehensive studies on conventional single-slope solar stills (CS4). Recent trends have focused on minimizing heat loss and improving the productivity of these systems, particularly through modifications to the CS4 chamber. This present study examines the modified chambers of solar stills utilizing Perpendicular Hollow Glass Solar Still (PHGSS) and Inline Hollow Glass Solar Still (IHGSS). It provides a comprehensive analysis of the enhancements, highlighting key aspects such as productivity, energy balance, and efficiency, as well as introducing a potential new condensation site. To ensure accuracy and reliability, the results are validated using the coefficient he/hc from a previous study, which reported a margin of error of 7.76%. The application of hollow glass has proven its ability to produce distillate condensation due to the temperature gradient present between the inner surface of the hollow glass and the cavity it encloses. Moreover, the production and efficiency of both inline and perpendicular hollow glass highly exceeds those of conventional CS4.]]>
<![CDATA[Design and simulation of BLDC motor control using MATLAB simulink: A detailed approach ]]>
<![CDATA[Dwi Sudarno Putra]]>;
<![CDATA[Wawan Purwanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Risfendra Risfendra]]>;
<![CDATA[Joel O. Abratiguin]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Baharudin]]>;
<![CDATA[Thorikul Huda]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13370
<![CDATA[Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors are increasingly utilized across various applications due to their high efficiency and reliability. However, their control requires precise handling, especially during the commutation process. This study presents a detailed simulation design for BLDC motor control using MATLAB Simulink, focusing on the Six-Step Commutation method and PID-based speed regulation. The methodology involves constructing an open-loop model to analyze commutation behavior, followed by a closed-loop system using PID controllers with automatic parameter tuning. The simulation demonstrates accurate replication of hall sensor signals, back-EMF waveforms, switching patterns, and motor responses. Results reveal that the PID controller effectively maintains target speed across varying reference inputs and load conditions, while phase current and electromagnetic torque increase proportionally with speed and load. Results confirm correct switching in open loop and show that, in closed loop, the controller maintains speed within ±2% of the target with brief, well-damped transients. Phase current and torque responses scale with speed and load, informing practical refinements (anti-windup, ripple mitigation, soft-commutation timing). The findings certify that simulation is a vital step to ensure functional logic and hardware readiness, minimizing risks and enhancing system performance prior to physical implementation.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of dimensional accuracy on SLM product using 3D laser scanner ]]>
<![CDATA[Moch. Agus Choiron]]>;
<![CDATA[Anindito Purnowidodo]]>;
<![CDATA[Achfas Zacoeb]]>;
<![CDATA[Rosadila Febritasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Willy Artha Wirawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Imam Kusyairi]]>;
<![CDATA[Johan Wayan Dika]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13448
<![CDATA[Dimensional accuracy is a critical factor in additive manufacturing, especially in Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Recently, many studies had investigated the SLM process and products, but studies on the evaluation of SLM printing product to check the dimensional accuracy have not been explored. This study investigates the dimensional accuracy of SLM products by employing a 3D laser scanning technology and evaluate the compatibility between CAD designs and the final SLM printed products. The 3D laser scanning is performed using a high-precision 3D laser scanner, then continued by comparison with the CAD model through Geomagic Control X software. Dimensional accuracy was measured using visual and statistical parameters such as color graphic and deviation. Results showed that deviation of SLM printed products was within the tolerance range of ±0.1 mm. The main factors that affect accuracy are printing laser speed and print orientation. The 3D laser scanning technology proved to be effective for evaluating the dimensional accuracy of SLM printed products. This study contributes to develop the quality control methods in the field of metal-based additive manufacturing.]]>
<![CDATA[Smart vibration sensing and predictive analytics for intelligent textile manufacturing: An IoT-edge and machine learning method ]]>
<![CDATA[Deni Kurnia]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Sutanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Hanif Fakhrurroja]]>;
<![CDATA[Lovely Son]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13588
<![CDATA[This study aimed to propose an IoT-Edge method for detecting vibration abnormalities in Textile Manufacturing, specifically on Draw Texturing Yarn (DTY) machines using an ADXL345 sensor and a Machine Learning Algorithm. The proposed system incorporated wireless sensor nodes, the MQTT protocol, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis, and a tuned Random Forest (RF) classifier to enable real-time monitoring as well as predictive maintenance. During the analysis, vibration data were collected from 13 spindles, with features extracted in both time as well as frequency domains to distinguish between normal and abnormal machine conditions. The RF model, optimized through hyperparameter tuning, achieved an accuracy of 97%, significantly outperforming the Support Vector Machine (SVM) baseline, which reached 71%. Major results showed the effectiveness of energy and centroid features in fault detection, with the Z-axis vibration proving to be a good indicator of yarn defects. The system presented low latency (average 20.37 ms) in data transmission using the MQTT protocol, ensuring practical deployability. This study offered a scalable and cost-effective solution for industrial vibration monitoring, bridging gaps in real-time processing and seamless IoT incorporation to support predictive maintenance in textile manufacturing.]]>
<![CDATA[Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from pennisetum purpureum (PP) fibers via ammonium persulfate oxidation method ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Faizullah Pasha]]>;
<![CDATA[Andoko Andoko]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Wahid Darmawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Fina Nur Nabillah]]>;
<![CDATA[Riduwan Prasetya]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammad Sukri Bin Mustapa]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13595
<![CDATA[The growing demand for sustainable and high-performance materials emphasizes the need for more efficient production methods for cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Traditional CNC synthesis, however, often requires significant energy input and produces harmful by-products, which undermine its environmental and economic viability. In response to this challenge, this study explores the use of an eco-friendly ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation method to produce CNCs from Pennisetum purpureum fibers. The findings reveal that CNCs synthesized at a temperature of 60 °C exhibited the highest crystallinity index (72.62%), optimal surface functionalization, and exceptional mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 18.44 MPa.The structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of the CNCs were comprehensively evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and tensile strength testing. These results highlight the effectiveness of APS oxidation in producing high-quality CNCs from readily available agricultural biomass. By utilizing a sustainable approach, this research not only advances the production of eco-friendly materials but also demonstrates the potential for agricultural waste to be repurposed in nanotechnology applications. The study thus makes a significant contribution to sustainable material science, providing insights into improving CNCs production while minimizing environmental impact, ultimately supporting the transition towards a more sustainable and circular economy.]]>
<![CDATA[Green diesel and its role as a drop-in renewable diesel alternative to FAME-based biodiesel ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Latifur Rochman]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurkholis Hamidi]]>;
<![CDATA[Femiana Gapsari]]>;
<![CDATA[Winarto Winarto]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13658
<![CDATA[Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel has been widely adopted as a renewable alternative to fossil diesel due to its relatively simple production process and established blending frameworks. Nevertheless, intrinsic limitations associated with its oxygenated ester structure such as oxidative instability, hygroscopicity, cold-flow constraints, and restricted blend ratios, continue to limit its long-term suitability for advanced diesel engines and fuel systems. Green diesel, also known as renewable diesel, is a hydrocarbon fuel produced from renewable and waste lipid feedstocks through catalytic deoxygenation pathways, yielding paraffinic hydrocarbons that closely resemble conventional petroleum diesel.]]>
<![CDATA[Investigating the corrosion behavior of hot-dip galvanized Zn and Zn-10Al coatings on carbon steel without top coating in chloride-rich immersion environments ]]>
<![CDATA[Agus Solehudin]]>;
<![CDATA[Haipan Salam]]>;
<![CDATA[Risti Ragadhita]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Irfansyah Maulana]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13743
<![CDATA[This study investigates the corrosion resistance, surface hardness, morphological structure, and predicted lifetime of carbon steel coated with pure zinc (Zn) and zinc aluminum alloy (ZnAl) in chloride rich environments. Coatings were applied by hot dip galvanizing, and characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), Vickers hardness testing, and salt spray testing. Before exposure, both coatings confirmed homogeneity with smooth, topographically uniform surfaces, and no macroscopic defects. ZnAl coatings also delivered superior hardness compared to pure Zn and uncoated steel. After exposure, ZnAl maintained smoother, more stable surfaces with smaller and fewer pitting defects, whereas pure Zn suffered medium to severe damage. Pure Zn coatings showed fluctuating corrosion behavior with an average rate of 7.8944 µm/year, while ZnAl coatings exhibited minimal fluctuations within ±0.1 µm/year, indicating high resistance to chloride concentration. Predicted lifetime ranged from 3.7 to 5.5 years for pure Zn (average 4.7 years) and 5.9 to 6.5 years for ZnAl (average 6.2 years). Despite being thinner, ZnAl provided superior corrosion protection and structural stability. These findings indicate that ZnAl alloy coatings provide superior corrosion protection, structural stability, and mechanical performance for carbon steel in chloride rich environments.]]>
<![CDATA[Systematic review of battery cooling technologies in electric vehicles: Methods, challenges, and recent innovations ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Untung Zaenal Priyadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Adhes Gamayel]]>;
<![CDATA[Ganesha Tri Chandrasa]]>;
<![CDATA[Eka Rakhman Priandana]]>;
<![CDATA[Heri Nugraha]]>;
<![CDATA[Imaduddin Haq]]>;
<![CDATA[Panca Kurniawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14070
<![CDATA[This study presents a comprehensive review of battery cooling technologies in electric vehicles (EVs), focusing on their effectiveness, challenges, and recent innovations. The research methodology involved analyzing various cooling methods, including air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change materials (PCM), and thermoelectric cooling systems, through a systematic literature review. The study evaluated these technologies based on their thermal efficiency, design complexity, implementation costs, and performance across different environmental conditions. The findings reveal that while air cooling offers simplicity and cost-effectiveness, it demonstrates limited thermal efficiency for high-performance applications. Liquid cooling systems, despite higher complexity and costs, provide superior thermal management, maintaining battery temperatures within optimal ranges. PCM-based systems effectively manage short-term heat spikes but face limitations in thermal conductivity and long-term stability. Hybrid cooling solutions, particularly those combining PCM with liquid cooling, showed significant improvements in thermal efficiency, achieving temperature reductions of 40-50°C compared to conventional methods. The integration of nanotechnology, specifically through nanofluids and graphene-based materials, enhanced heat transfer efficiency by 20-30%. The study concludes that future developments in EV battery cooling systems will increasingly integrate artificial intelligence and smart technologies for adaptive thermal management, while hybrid cooling solutions emerge as the most promising approach for optimizing battery performance and longevity. These advancements are crucial for the continued evolution of electric vehicle technology and sustainable transportation solutions.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization air circulation in negative pressure closed-house poultry buildings: A study on evaporative cooling pad thickness and exhaust fan operating pattern ]]>
<![CDATA[Zain Lillahulhaq]]>;
<![CDATA[Wawan Aries Widodo]]>;
<![CDATA[Sutardi Sutardi]]>;
<![CDATA[Thearith Yone]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14096
<![CDATA[An optimal environment for raising poultry requires a cool, humid climate. Negative pressure air circulation is widely implemented in closed-house cages, combined with evaporative cooling pads (ECP). Fresh air cannot naturally pass through the ECP due to the porosity of the material. The characteristics of the ECP and the configuration of the exhaust fan operating pattern affect airflow distribution, including velocity, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) levels. This research simulated the effect of varying ECP thickness on airflow distribution inside a closed-house cage. The simulation was run under 3D steady-state conditions with ECP thicknesses of 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, and 300 mm, respectively. The ECP was kept wet, resulting in incoming air with 60% humidity and a temperature of 27°C. The study used the K-ω SST turbulence model and SIMPLE second-order discretization. The analysis also provides recommendations for optimal exhaust fan operation during summer and identified restricted area. Five different fan operating patterns were tested, combining a small exhaust fan with two large ones. This analysis based on several parameter which refers uncomfortable environment, including: velocity, temperature, RH levels, and pollutant gas concentration. Hazardous conditions were determined by the maximum values observed across 42 iso-surfaces spaced 1 meter apart along the x-axis. A thicker ECP resulted in a higher pressure drop, reducing temperature differences inside the cage and leading to a more uniform temperature distribution. The 100 mm ECP thickness, the thinnest ECP layers, lowered the temperature inside the closed-house cage. The study suggests that, during summer, operating one small exhaust fan and one large fan is optimal due to the reduced presence of hazardous areas inside the cage.]]>
<![CDATA[Characterization of alkali-activated chrysopogon zizanioides natural fibers as reinforcement for energy-efficient biocomposite applications ]]>
<![CDATA[Nasmi Herlina Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Sujita Sujita]]>;
<![CDATA[Edi Syafri]]>;
<![CDATA[Suteja Suteja]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14133
<![CDATA[This study examines the characteristics of alkali-activated Chrysopogon zizanioides natural fibers (CZFs) to determine their applicability as reinforcements in energy-efficient biocomposite applications. Unlike earlier research, which has mostly focused on conventional natural fibers, this paper proposes CZFs as a fresh, sustainable reinforcing possibility. The study investigates the impact of different levels of NaOH (1%, 3%, and 5%) on fiber structure and functionality, offering new insights into optimizing alkali activation for improved interfacial bonding and strength in biocomposites. The results show that alkaline treatment significantly influenced the structural and functional properties of the fibers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed an increase in crystallinity index from 36.17% in untreated fibers to 65.74% in those treated with 5% NaOH, indicating significant removal of amorphous components. FTIR spectra confirmed the reduction of non-cellulosic functional groups, while TGA/DTA analysis demonstrated improved thermal resistance, with a maximum char residue of 4.46% at 600 °C. Mechanical tests showed tensile strength increased from 252 ± 25 MPa to 553 ± 26 MPa and elongation from 4.1% to 5.8%, while SEM analysis revealed cleaner, rougher surfaces that promote fiber–matrix bonding. Additionally, fiber density rose from from 410 ± 20 to 980 ± 20 Kg/m³, and moisture content declined from 8.9% to 5.3%, reflecting improved dimensional stability. Among all treatments, the 5% NaOH-treated fibers offered the most optimal combination of structural, thermal, and interfacial performance. These results indicate that alkali-modified CZFs are promising candidates for use in energy-efficient biocomposites, particularly for lightweight structural components, automotive panels, and sustainable packaging requiring thermal durability and high stiffness.]]>
