Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry
Aims Mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering science that combines the principles of physics and engineering mathematics with materials science to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems (mechanics, energy, materials, manufacturing) in solving complex engineering problems. Therefore, this journal accommodates all research documentation and reports on technology applications in society and industry from various technology readiness levels (TRL): basic, applied, and report of technology application. Basic - theoretical concepts of natural science, application of engineering mathematics, special and unique materials science, theoretical principles of engineering design, production, energy conversion, or industrial mechatronics/automation that support mechanical engineering analysis with a sustainable engineering perspective. Applied - thermal-mechanical design (energy, applied mechanics, material selection, material strength analysis) to support sustainable design and engineering capabilities. Report of technology application - the impact of technology on economic and social, ecological principles, sustainability principles (sustainability), communication techniques, and factual knowledge that contribute to solving complex and sustainable engineering problems. Scope Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics This scope includes boundary layer control, computational fluid dynamics for engineering design and analysis; turbo engines; aerodynamics in vehicles, trains, planes, ships, and micro flying objects; flow and induction systems; numerical analysis of heat exchangers; design of thermal systems; Wind tunnel experiments; Flow visualization; and all the unique topics related to aerodynamics, mechanics and fluid dynamics, and thermal systems. Combustion and Energy Systems This scope includes the combustion of alternative fuels; low-temperature combustion; combustion of solid particles for hydrogen production; combustion efficiency; thermal energy storage system; porous media; optimization of heat transfer devices; shock wave fundamental propagation mechanism; detonation and explosion; hypersonic aerodynamic computational modeling; high-speed propulsion; thermo-acoustic; low-noise combustion; and all the unique topics related to combustion and energy systems. Design and Manufacturing This scope includes computational synthesis; optimal design methodology; biomimetic design; high-speed product processing; laser-assisted machining; metal plating, micro-machining; studies on the effects of wear and tear; fretting; abrasion; thermoelastic. This scope also includes productivity and cycle time improvements for manufacturing activities; production planning; concurrent engineering; design with remote partners, change management; and involvement of the Industry 4.0 main area in planning, production, and maintenance activities. Dynamics and Control The dynamics and control group includes aerospace systems; autonomous vehicles; biomechanics dynamics; plate and shell dynamics; style control; mechatronics; multibody system; nonlinear dynamics; robotics; space system; mechanical vibration; and all the unique topics related to engine dynamics and control. Materials and Structures The scope of this field includes composite fabrication processes; high-performance composites for automotive, construction, sports equipment, and hospital equipment; natural materials; special materials for energy sensing and harvesting; nanocomposites and micromechanics; the process of modeling and developing nanocomposite polymers; metal alloys; energy efficiency in welding and joining materials; vibration-resistant structure; lightweight-strong design; and all the unique topics related to materials and construction. Vibrations, Acoustics, and Fluid-Structure Interaction This group includes nonlinear vibrations; nonlinear dynamics of lean structures; fluid-structure interactions; nonlinear rotor dynamics; bladed disc; flow-induced vibration; thermoacoustic; biomechanics applications; and all the unique topics related to vibrations, acoustics, and fluid-structure interaction.
Articles
139 Documents
<![CDATA[Effect of tool rotation direction, pin overlap, and pin shape on material flow in one-step double-acting friction stir welding of stainless steel: A Modeling study ]]>
<![CDATA[Budiana, Eko Prasetya]]>;
<![CDATA[Firmanda, Rian]]>;
<![CDATA[Mahmoud, Essam R. I.]]>;
<![CDATA[Triyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13695
<![CDATA[Stainless steel is widely used in various industrial applications due to its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. However, conventional fusion welding of stainless steel often leads to several problems such as hot cracking, sensitization caused by chromium carbide precipitation, and large thermal distortion. Friction Stir Welding (FSW), a solid-state joining technique, has been developed to overcome these limitations by producing high-quality joints without melting the base material. Nevertheless, welding thick plates using conventional FSW frequently results in incomplete penetration. To address this limitation, a One-Step Double-Acting Friction Stir Welding (DA-FSW) technique is proposed, in which two tools operate simultaneously from the top and bottom surfaces of the workpiece. In this study, material flow behavior and heat distribution during DA-FSW of stainless steel are investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The model considers variations in pin geometry (cylindrical, conical, triflate, and tapered triflate), tool rotation direction, and pin overlap. Stainless steel is modeled as a non-Newtonian fluid to represent its plasticized behavior under frictional heating. The simulation results show that complex pin geometries such as tapered triflate produce up to 15–20% higher material flow velocity and generate a more uniform temperature distribution (approximately 5–10% variation across the stir zone) compared with simple cylindrical pins. Furthermore, opposite tool rotation directions improve material mixing and reduce temperature gradients, while an optimal pin overlap increases heat generation by approximately 12%, leading to more stable material flow. These results demonstrate that the combination of complex pin geometry, opposing rotation direction, and appropriate pin overlap significantly improves thermal distribution and material flow stability, which are essential for achieving defect-free welds in thick stainless steel plates.]]>
<![CDATA[SCADA-driven variable similarity-based model for fault detection and predictive maintenance in photovoltaic systems ]]>
<![CDATA[Widodo, Achmad]]>;
<![CDATA[Prahasto, Toni]]>;
<![CDATA[Syamsuddin, Agussalim]]>;
<![CDATA[Adhi, Andrew Cahyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Kusumawardhani, Amie]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14236
<![CDATA[Global efforts to mitigate the rise in average global temperatures have increasingly emphasized the adoption of renewable energy sources. Among these initiatives, the deployment of solar power plants has emerged as a promising solution, utilizing photovoltaic (PV) systems to convert solar energy—an abundant, cost-free, and year-round resource—into electricity. Solar power plants present a viable alternative to fossil fuels traditionally used in thermal power generation. The reliability of PV systems, which directly influences their performance, functionality, safety, and economic viability, is a critical factor in realizing this potential. This article presents the development of a predictive maintenance framework for PV systems, incorporating anomaly detection and fault diagnosis based on supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data. The methodology employs a variable similarity-based model (VBM) to identify anomalies and diagnose faults, while generating predictive alerts to inform operators of potential issues, thereby enabling proactive maintenance scheduling. The proposed framework is validated using real SCADA data collected from an operational solar power plant. The results demonstrate that the method effectively detects anomalies with reasonable accuracy, underscoring its practicality for application in solar power plant operations.]]>
<![CDATA[Perspective and modeling requirement on household solid waste management ]]>
<![CDATA[Cahyo, Winda Nur]]>;
<![CDATA[Munang, Aswan]]>;
<![CDATA[Purnomo, Hari]]>;
<![CDATA[Widodo, Imam Djati]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14267
<![CDATA[Rapid economic and population growth, urbanization, and resource overexploitation have intensified household solid waste generation, creating serious environmental challenges, particularly in developing countries. Despite various efforts, waste management systems remain inadequate, hindered by poor infrastructure, limited recycling practices, and insufficient disposal facilities. However, existing models often overlook the behavioral dimension of waste generation. This study aims to identify and assess critical factors influencing the development of effective household waste management by integrating food practices into the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), thereby addressing a significant theoretical gap. A systematic literature review of 78 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024 was conducted to extract key influencing factors and conceptual models. The created model concept will be evaluated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on expert judgment to determine the relative importance of each variable. Five experts were selected using purposive sampling from four stakeholder entities: academia, government, industry, and community. The analysis revealed 11 interrelated factors, with pro-environmental behavior (23.8%), government policy (18.7%), and public attitude (14.8%) emerging as the most influential. The findings highlight that behavioral change, supported by robust policy frameworks, is essential for enhancing household-level waste management. This study offers a comprehensive decision-support model that integrates behavioral, institutional, and technological interventions, providing actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners in promoting sustainable consumption and waste reduction practices.]]>
<![CDATA[Innovative integration of solar energy and pyrolysis technology in fish smoking for improved liquid smoke yield and quality ]]>
<![CDATA[Rachmanita, Risse Entikaria]]>;
<![CDATA[Hasbiyati, Haning]]>;
<![CDATA[Firgiyanto, Refa]]>;
<![CDATA[Wijaya, Mohamad Anggis Safii]]>;
<![CDATA[Isrolana]]>;
<![CDATA[Lestari, Ellya Dwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Rudiyanto, Bayu]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14931
<![CDATA[Traditional fish smoking still causes environmental pollution and health issues due to uncontrolled smoke emissions. Field data indicate that 54.0% of workers in fish smoking centers are exposed to heavy smoke, and 66.7% experience severe respiratory symptoms, underscoring the need for cleaner technologies. This study developed an integrated solar-powered fish smoking system combining pyrolysis and a naturally cooled spiral condenser to convert combustion smoke into liquid smoke as a natural preservative. The prototype was designed and tested using corn cob biomass as the pyrolysis feedstock. Evaluated parameters included solar panel efficiency, smoking chamber performance, and liquid smoke quality. Characterization covered specific gravity, pH, acetic acid, phenol content, and heavy metals (Pb, Cd). Results showed that pure corn cob liquid smoke had a specific gravity of 0.99965 g/cm³, pH 3.55, acetic acid 1.747%, and phenol 7.8859%, while smoke applied to fish yielded 1.008572 g/cm³, 3.70, 3.950%, and 12.4242%, respectively. Both Pb and Cd were not detected (< LOD), confirming safety from contamination. Although acetic acid and phenol contents correspond to SNI 8985:2021 grade 2, further purification is needed to meet food-grade standards. The system effectively produces functional, antimicrobial liquid smoke while reducing emissions, supporting sustainable fish smoking and the circular economy.]]>
<![CDATA[Identifying and evaluating sustainability risks in circular business models: Empirical insights from the heavy equipment manufacturing industry ]]>
<![CDATA[Syahrullah, Yudi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ciptomulyono, Udisubakti]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi, Ratna Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15120
<![CDATA[Circular business models (CBMs) are increasingly being adopted in heavy equipment manufacturing to extend the value of end-of-life (EoL) components through recovery practices. However, existing sustainability risk assessments largely rely on generic literature-based risk lists without verifying their contextual relevance to specific industries. This study addresses this gap by systematically exploring and validating sustainability risks that are specifically relevant to circular manufacturing in the heavy equipment sector. An initial set of 32 sustainability risks was identified through literature review and cross-industry exploration. These sustainability risks were then evaluated using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to manage uncertainty and establish expert consensus on their relevance to circular business models in the heavy equipment manufacturing sector. Based on the consensus criteria (d < 0.2; agreement ≥ 75%), 14 risks were validated as contextually relevant. The findings reveal that the most critical risks are concentrated in key circular activities, particularly those related to occupational health and safety hazards in EoL component recovery, and inaccurate or insufficient evaluation of the quality of components or products to be recovered. The main contribution of this study lies in moving beyond generic sustainability risk identification toward context-specific validation of sustainability risks in circular manufacturing. By filtering and confirming sustainability risks that truly reflect industrial realities, the results provide a robust foundation for targeted sustainability risk assessment and mitigation. Practically, the validated sustainability risk set provides decision-makers and engineers with a more precise basis for prioritizing sustainability risks and enhancing the resilience of circular manufacturing systems.]]>
<![CDATA[Stochastic analysis of time series temperature in battery cooling with ejector bubble generator ]]>
<![CDATA[Catrawedarma, IGNB]]>;
<![CDATA[Ton, Sefri]]>;
<![CDATA[Fiveriati, Anggra]]>;
<![CDATA[Astyanto, Achilleus Hermawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15257
<![CDATA[This study identifies flow patterns in the cooling channels and analyzes temperature during LiFePO4 battery cooling using an ejector bubble generator. The cooling fluids included quiet air, circulating air, and bubbles, with airflow rates ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 lpm. The temperature patterns were analyzed using probability density functions (PDFs), and Sample entropy—PDFs were quantified using mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. The results showed the formation of a slug film, an elongated slug film, and clustered bubbles on the bottom wall of the battery pack. There was a 3.75% and 5.98% decrease in the maximum temperature and thermal resistance, respectively, at an airflow rate of Qa = 1.5 lpm. The farther the thermocouple is from the bubble-generator nozzle and the greater the supplied airflow, the lower the PDF's kurtosis. The greater the airflow, the lower the entropy.]]>
<![CDATA[Corrosion behavior of ST37 low carbon steel welded joints in acidic and basic environments: implications for structural durability ]]>
<![CDATA[Wisnujati, Andika]]>;
<![CDATA[Mudjijana]]>;
<![CDATA[Ma’arif, Syamsul]]>;
<![CDATA[Satriardi]]>;
<![CDATA[Bagban, Hojjat]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15295
<![CDATA[This study investigates the corrosion behavior and mechanical degradation of welded ST37 low-carbon steel exposed to basic (NaOH) and chloride-containing (NH₄Cl) environments. The objective is to evaluate the influence of solution chemistry and immersion time on corrosion rate, surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile properties of welded steel structures. Welded ST37 specimens were immersed in 1 M NaOH and 1 M NH₄Cl solutions for 100, 200, and 300 hours under controlled laboratory conditions. Corrosion rates were determined using the weight loss method, while surface morphology and elemental composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Mechanical degradation was evaluated through tensile testing following ASTM E8 standards. The results show that NaOH exposure promotes the formation of a stable oxide layer that reduces corrosion rates from 0.024 to 0.019 mm/year and partially restores tensile strength after prolonged immersion. In contrast, NH₄Cl exposure causes more aggressive corrosion characterized by pitting, porous corrosion products, and localized surface degradation due to chloride-induced passive film breakdown. SEM observations confirm thicker corrosion layers and localized attack in the weld metal region, while EDS analysis reveals increased oxygen and chloride content associated with the respective corrosion mechanisms.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization of biodiesel synthesis process from nyamplung (calophyllum inophyllum) oil using thermal air sparging method ]]>
<![CDATA[Ilminnafik, Nasrul]]>;
<![CDATA[Prasetiyo, Dani Hari Tunggal]]>;
<![CDATA[Welayaturromadhona]]>;
<![CDATA[Kartini, Audiananti Meganandi]]>;
<![CDATA[Palupi, Bekti]]>;
<![CDATA[Suyitno]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15335
<![CDATA[This study investigated the optimization of biodiesel production from nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil using a Thermal Air Sparging (TAS) reactor with NaOH catalyst. Crude oil containing 18.2% free fatty acids (FFA) underwent a two-stage acid esterification to reduce the acidity below the 2% threshold required for efficient alkaline transesterification. To assess the combined effects of thermal and hydrodynamic variables, a 3² full factorial experimental design with three replications was used, encompassing a reaction temperature of 30–40 °C and a hot air flow rate of 1.0–2.0 L min⁻¹. The produced biodiesel was characterized for density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, and heating value according to ASTM D4052, D445, D93, and D240, respectively. These values were then evaluated against SNI 7182:2015 specifications. Optimal operating conditions were achieved at 35°C and a flow rate of 1.5 L min⁻¹. Reaction temperature emerged as the primary factor influencing biodiesel conversion, while hot air flow rate predominantly affected interfacial contact and residence time. Under these conditions, the biodiesel exhibited a density of 0.867 g·cm⁻³, a kinematic viscosity of 4.67 cSt, a flash point of 183.2°C, a calorific value of 10,283.20 cal·g⁻¹, and a conversion yield of 85.43%. This performance is attributed to the combined effects of heat transfer and dispersion driven by microbubbles, which continuously renew the interfacial surface area between the reactants and promote a more homogeneous reaction environment at atmospheric pressure and relatively low temperature. In contrast to mechanical stirring systems and other high-energy intensification methods, the TAS configuration allows for intensification of the thermofluidic process, reducing reaction time, stabilizing fuel properties, and lowering overall energy consumption. These results demonstrate the potential of TAS as a practical and scalable method for converting non-edible oils with high free fatty acid content into biodiesel through a low-energy process.]]>
<![CDATA[Improving the thermal efficiency of fin-tube heat exchangers by optimizing geometric parameters of curved rectangular winglet vortex generators ]]>
<![CDATA[Mugisidi, Dan]]>;
<![CDATA[Heriyani, Oktarina]]>;
<![CDATA[Khalid, Amir]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmani, Ahmed]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15393
<![CDATA[Thermal efficiency is a fundamental criterion in the design and operation of heat exchangers because it provides a clear view of the thermal behaviour and reliability of the system. Integrating vortex generators (VGs) with heat exchangers often increases turbulence and enhances the heat transfer rate but at the cost of increased pressure drops. This study aims to maximise the thermal enhancement factor (TEF) in fin–tube heat exchangers by optimising the radial distance, hole width and angular position of curved rectangular winglet vortex generators (CRW-VGs). Computational fluid dynamics analysis is utilised to investigate how variations in radial distance and hole width influence CRW-VG performance. Parameters such as TEF, Nusselt number ratio, friction factor ratio and flow regime were examined. The results show that smaller radial distances suppress mixing vortices and enhance TEF, while larger hole widths generate strong jet flows and increase heat transfer rates. The highest TEF of 1.075 is achieved at an angular position of 120°, a hole width of 0.5 H and a radial distance of 1.25. The study reveals that optimising the geometric parameters of VGs is proven satisfactory for enhancing heat transfer performance and minimising pressure drop.]]>
