Al-Afaq: Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi
Jurnal Al-Afaq merupakan jurnal yang dibentuk oleh Prodi Ilmu Falak Fakultas Syariah Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Mataram. Jurnal ini membahas keilmuan Ilmu Falak terkait kajian arah kiblat, Hisab dan Rukyah awal Bulan Hijriah, Kalender Dunia dan Fenomena Gerhana. Selain itu, jurnal Al-Afaq juga membahas kaitan antara fenomena astronomi umum dengan kajian ilmu falak.
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191 Documents
<![CDATA[Unifikasi Kalender Hijriah Nasional Menurut Perspektif Muhammadiyah dan Nahdlatul Ulama ]]>
<![CDATA[Husna, Amirah Himayah]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4169
<![CDATA[Abstract Basically, this research comes from the arrangement for beginning of the month to come up diversity in establishment. This problem can’t be separated with its historical thinking deveploment of Islam that surrrounded by various ideology this then made many differences. In fact, these differences happened in Indonesia, especially Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul Ulama (NU). There are organizations that use hisab method and there are others that use ru’yah method in deciding the beginning of month. The problematic between hisab and ru’yah is always viral and even able to make muslims fight with each other because each of these organizations in the society are claim the truth. This is because, there is no agreement related to it. To realize the unity of the determination of the beginning of the month there must be one madzhab that becomes the authority, as in the rule of "the decision of the judge (State) to erase differences". The relevance of the unification of the Islamic calender can be seen from point of view from two organization and can be done through astronomy expert in Indonesia based on the authority of the Ministry of Religion of The Republic of Indonesia for take the policy on this problematic. Keywords: The Arrangement, The Different, Muhammadiyah, NU, Islamic Calender, The Unification]]>
<![CDATA[Analisa Pergeseran Kalender Gregorian Menjadi Kalender Dunia ]]>
<![CDATA[Sari, Indah Puspita]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Tatmainul Qulub]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4172
<![CDATA[The Julius calendar or also known as the Old Style calendar is a calendar pioneered by Julius Caesar as a reform of the Roman republican calendar. The Julian calendar was formed at the time of knowing a difference of about 3 months in the calendar that was in effect at that time, namely the Ancient Roman Calendar which had been replaced long ago. The Ancient Roman calendar set the length of a year at only 365 days, ignoring the remaining days of the actual solar year. This is known when the day of the harvest season coincided with a holiday among the Romans which actually fell in summer but occurred in winter, where the number of days in the Roman year was shorter than the number of days in the solar year. Therefore, Julius Caesar and assisted by a Greek astronomer named Sosigenes corrected the error of the Roman calendar system at that time by making one year 365 days. Then the Gregorian calendar was born. This calender is the Gregorian calender or it can also be called the New Style Calender reformed from the Julius calender. The Gregorian calender is the most widely used calender in the western world and is the standard for calculating international days today although initially rejected by some countries.Keywords: Julius calender, Gregorian calender, Gregorian calender rejection.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis Perspektif Empat Madzhab Terhadap Matla’ dalam Penentuan Awal Bulan Hijriah ]]>
<![CDATA[Hamdani, Aris Tiono]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4187
<![CDATA[Madhhab in Bahasa means to go or it can also be interpreted as an opinion. Matlah 'is a regional boundary based on the range of sight of the new moon. While the Hijri calendar is the determination of the date or month associated with important days for Muslims around the world. Within Islam itself, there are four schools of thought that are famous for their opinions regarding Islamic law, namely the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hambali schools. In the opinion of the four imams of the madhhab there are often differences of opinion, just like mathlah, they have their own opinions regarding the matter of matlah. Matlah has an important relationship with the sight of the new moon. Hilal has a close relationship with the determination of the beginning of the Hijri month. Therefore, the views of the four madhhab imams on matlah have a major influence in determining the beginning of the hijri month because the turn of the beginning of the month is determined by the visible new moon.Keywords: Madhhab, Matlah', Hijri Month]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis Kesesuaian Kalender Jawa Islam dengan Kalender Hijriyah ]]>
<![CDATA[Sholehuddin, Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Tatmainul Qulub]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4198
<![CDATA[Before Islam came, Javanese people were familiar with the calendar system. The influx of HinduBuddhist influences also influenced the calendar in Java. Then with the start of the establishment of an Islamic-style kingdom on the island of Java, especially during the Islamic Mataram period when the influence of Islam entered the island of Java, the calendar system was changed by the great sultan to a Javanese calendar using Islamic calendar calculations. The Javanese calendar is still in existence so it is necessary to know the adjustments that occur between the Saka calendar and the Hijri calendar which then produces the Javanese Islamic calendar and to know the application used to determine the beginning of the Qomariah month with the aim of knowing howto use the Javanese Islamic calendar and know its application in determining the beginning of themonth of Qomariah. The calculation system used in the Javanese Islamic calendar is the Urfi reckoning system, except in certain years where there are different long and short year appointments at certain times. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the adjustments of the Javanese Islamic calendar in the calculations are intended to maintain conformity with the hijri calendar.Keywords: Javanese Calendar, Islamic Calendar, Qomariah Calendar]]>
<![CDATA[Kontroversi Tanggal Wafat Imam Ali Ra dan Tinjauannya dalam Perspektif Astronomi Islam ]]>
<![CDATA[Nadirin, Akhmad]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4213
<![CDATA[Ali bin Abi Talib is one of the companions of the Prophet SAW who is guaranteed to enter heaven along with nine other friends. He led Islam for about four years before being stabbed by Abdurrahman bin Muljam while praying shubuh at the end of 40 AH until he died. In some literature, Imam Ali was killed on Friday night or Sunday night. In addition, there are several opinions in various Islamic historical literature about the date of the death of Ali ibn Abi Talib. Some say on Friday, 17 Ramadan 40 H. There are also opinions that mention 11 Ramadan 40 H. Some even write that Imam Ali died at the end of Rabiul Awal 40 H. This research is intended to answer the problem of Imam Ali's death date in perspective. astronomy. This problem is discussed with qualitative research in the form of library research. The primary source used in this study is T?rikh al-T?bari T?rikh al-Um?m w? alMuluk, Ash?b al-Futuy? , al-K?mil fi al-T?rikh, al-Bid?y?h w? al-Nih?y?h. All the data obtained were then converted into either the day or the date of the Gregorian era and matched the data in the historical book. The results showed that the data on the date of the death of Ali bin Abi Talib based on astronomical calculations was on Sunday, 17 Ramadan 40 H / 24th January 661 AD.Keywords: controversy, date of death, Imam Ali ra, astronomy]]>
<![CDATA[Studi Komparasi Sejarah dan Aturan Kalender Tahun Masehi: Julian dan Gregorian ]]>
<![CDATA[Farah, Labibah Amil]]>;
<![CDATA[Saifulloh, M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Roesuldi, Juhanda]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4361
<![CDATA[The common era calendar was a calendar from the ancient Roman calendar that uses lunar system that Julius Caesar then modified on sosignes' suggestion to use the solar system as the with one year's tropical length to 365.25 days. As science progressed, Pope Gregory XIII made improvements by favoring a reference to the tropic count 365.2425 days, shorter by 0.0075 days than Julian. Gregory added new rules and corrections to Julian's calendar to keep the calendar in line with the annual movement of the sun. It also explains how dates are dated before and after the common era.Keywords: calendar, masehi, julian, gregorian, islamic astronomy]]>
<![CDATA[Studi Komparasi Terhadap Akurasi Istiwaaini Dengan Kompas Kiblat Android “Muslim Go” Dalam Pengukuran Arah Kiblat ]]>
<![CDATA[-, Misrahul Safitri]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.5070
<![CDATA[This article discusses the comparison of the accuracy of two tools that are often used to measure the Qibla direction, namely Istiwaaini and the Qibla Compass Android Muslim Go. In addition to knowing and studying the working principles and calculation methods applied to the two tools, this study also aims to compare their accuracy in determining the Qibla direction. This study is a field research with a qualitative approach. Data was collected by measuring the Qibla direction directly at the Great Mosque of Central Lombok using these two tools. Meanwhile, the analysis method uses astronomical data analysis and descriptive data analysis. The results showed that Istiwaain showed more accurate results compared to the Muslim Go android Qibla compass. The inaccuracy of the results displayed by the Muslim Go android Qibla compass could be due to the absence of magnetic declination correction in determining the Qibla azimuth. Keywords: Istiwaain, Qibla Compass Android Muslim Go, Qibla Direction Measurement Method, Accuracy]]>
<![CDATA[Mistar Kalender dalam Pengembangan Khazanah Instrument Falak ]]>
<![CDATA[moelki-123, Moelki Fahmi Ardliansyah]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.5115
<![CDATA[Calendars by humans are used to mark the change of days and dates. Basically the calendar refers to the movement of celestial bodies. For example, the Gregorian calendar is a calendar that refers to the movement of the Sun. At this point, actually knowing the date on the calendar can be through solar observations, but of course you need a tool. In this study trying to build a celestial instrument to determine the date on the Gregorian calendar called the Mistar Kalender. Furthermore, this study tries to analyze the extent of its accuracy as well as its advantages and disadvantages. This study uses a mixed method combining library and experimental methods with descriptive analysis and numerical analysis approaches where data collection is done through documentation and numerical experimental results. The result of this research is that the Calendar Ruler is built on the concept of the position of the Sun at the local celestial meridian by utilizing a stick/gnomon which will form a shadow length of different sunlight each day. The results of the numerical test carried out showed that the length of the gnomon affected the placement of the sign for the date. The disadvantage of this instrument is that it is local according to the coordinates of the place of observation and depends on the weather at the time of observation. The advantage is as a celestial education medium to make it easier to understand the concept of the Gregorian calendar from the position of the Sun when it is in the local sky meridian.Keywords: Calendar Ruler, Gnomon, Astronomical Instruments]]>
<![CDATA[Hisab Awal Bulan Syiah Kuala (Menyunting Dari Naskah Risalah Asy-Syaikh ‘Abd ArRauf Fi At-Taqwim) ]]>
<![CDATA[Cosara, Wali]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.5137
<![CDATA[Treatise of Asy-Shaykh Abdur Ar-Rauf fi At-Taqwim's is one of the collections of the Pedir Museum in Aceh which consists of three sheets (six pages) in Arabic-Malay language which discusses the calculation of the Hijri calendar. However, the text does not explain the origin of the numbers and their formulas. So the calculation of the Hijri calendar described in the manuscript cannot be used at this time because the difference is very far from the Hijri calendar that we usually use. This research is included in library research, namely research by collecting data and information from books, journals, and other recorded documents related to the calculations described in the text of As-Shaykh 'Abdur Ar-Rauf fi At-Taqwim's Treatise. Data analysis was carried out by examining the origin of the letters of the year and the letters of the month and their corrections so that the calculation of the beginning of the Hijri month described in the AsShaykh 'Abdur Ar-Rauf fi At-Taqwim treatise can be used throughout the ages. In this study there is a synthesis that the calculation of the beginning of the month described in the As-Shaykh 'Abdur Ar-Rauf fi AtTaqwim treatise must be corrected to adjust to the hijri calendar that we use every day.Keywords: Treatise of As-Shaykh 'Abdur Ar-Rauf fi At-Taqwim, Early Months, Syiah Kuala.]]>
<![CDATA[Studi Analisis Akurasi Perhitungan Awal Waktu Shalat Menggunakan Universal Astrolabe ]]>
<![CDATA[Hadi, Imron]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.5154
<![CDATA[Universal Astrolabe is a type of Astrolabe that can be used in any region or latitude. This paper examines the accuracy of the Universal Astrolabe in determining the start of the five daily prayer times (Fajr, Zuhur, Asr, Maghrib and Isha). The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the calculation method for determining the beginning of prayer times using the Universal Astrolabe. Astrolabe is one of the classical astronomical instruments that describes the celestial sphere in two dimensions and was originally used to determine the position of the Sun. Astrolabe comes from the Greek language which consists of the word "aster" which means star, and the word "labio" which means take, understand, and catch. In simple terms, Astrolabe can be interpreted as a tool to study the Stars. This instrument is a type of calculating tool. The function of the Astrolabe is very complex, namely to determine the position of the Sun or other stars, to determine the zodiac and its circulation scale, to determine the height of an object and determine solar time. The results showed that the method of calculating the initial prayer time applied in the Universal Astrolabe was the method of reading directly on the plate. The initial calculation of prayer times using the Universal Astrolabe results in a calculation difference between 0-3 minutes and the prayer time schedule set by the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia, so it is considered quite accurate. This difference can be influenced by the diameter of the Universal Astrolabe and the accuracy of the reader when reading the curves and numbers listed on the Universal Astrolabe.Keywords: Prayer Times, Accuracy, Universal Astrolabe.]]>
