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INDONESIA
IJCR (Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research)
Published by Universitas Islam Indonesia
ISSN : 23549610     EISSN : 26145081     DOI : 10.20885
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology
IJCR is intended to be the journal for publishing articles reporting the results of research on Chemistry field with related topics, as well as with their development through interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach. The types of articles published in this journal include research articles, review articles and short communication. This journal covers some topics include: Inorganic Chemistry Physical Chemistry Computational Chemistry Biochemistry Analytical Chemistry Organic Chemistry Food and Medicinal Chemistry Environmental Chemistry Material Chemistry
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 118 Documents
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Initiation of Z-fract Formula as a Bio-additive for Industrial Machine Efficiency Inisiasi Z-fract Formula sebagai Bio-aditif Efisiensi Mesin Industri Fitri, Noor; Mauludiyah, Riskiyatul; Sukri, Qomarudin; Syahputra, Rahmat; Nurhuddah, Ika Ila
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Volume 9, ISSUE 1,2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol9.iss1.art5

Abstract

Since the onset of the industrial revolution, fuel oil (BBM) has served as the primary energy source. In Indonesia, there was a 10 percent increase in fuel consumption in 2016, reaching 48.6 million m3/year compared to the previous year, 2015. However, this rise in fuel usage hasn't been matched by an increase in Indonesia's oil reserves, which are estimated to deplete by 2050. With limited fuel reserves and mounting concerns about global warming and environmental pollution, extensive exploration into renewable and sustainable alternative fuels has been undertaken. Various researchers have proposed solutions, one of which involves incorporating additives derived from abundant non-edible natural resources in Indonesia, such as essential oils. Essential oils are extracted from plant parts using diverse techniques. These oils possess a low vapor point and are soluble in diesel fuel. Moreover, they contain diverse chemical compounds with oxygen atoms, enabling them to enhance the combustion process in diesel engines. Acting as bioadditives, essential oils augment the quality of diesel fuel. Fuel additives, which are substances added to fuel—especially gasoline or diesel—aim to enhance fuel properties, leading to improved performance. Their incorporation can reduce detrimental emissions like hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matter, CO2, and NOx emissions. Furthermore, they aid in increasing fuel viscosity, anti-knock properties, octane and cetane ratings, as well as improving cold flow characteristics, thermal stability, cleanliness, and preventing engine corrosion. Research outcomes indicate that essential oils can decrease diesel fuel consumption, lower gas emissions, and safeguard engines from rust deposits. Citronella essential oil stands out as a potential bioadditive due to its main compounds—citronellal, geraniol, and citronellol—that contain oxygen atoms. PT Arutmin Kintap has supported local farmers and distillers by cultivating citronella on 10 hectares of former mining land. Their plan involves utilizing the produced citronella essential oil to create the Z-fract Formula as a Bio-additive for industrial machine efficiency, collaborating with the Indonesian Islamic University (UII). The Z-fract bio-additive formula is specifically designed for PT Arutmin's industrial machines. Key strategic actions include: (1) Conducting workshops for essential oil farmers on proper planting techniques aligned with Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) to ensure raw material availability and production of citronella essential oil meeting SNI standards; (2) Characterization of citronella oil produced in Kintap; (3) Fractionating citronella essential oil; (4) Analysis of the chemical composition of the citronella oil fraction.
Ekstraksi Antosianin Kulit Buah Naga dan Purifikasi dengan Metode Adsorpsi Menggunakan Amberlite IRC 120 Augustia, Venitalitya; Syamsurizal; Bagus Ridwan Wibisono; Fiqran Mau Ratu Wara; Wida Banar Kusumaningrum
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Volume 9, ISSUE 1,2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol9.iss1.art9

Abstract

Kulit buah naga merupakan limbah hasil pertanian yang mengandung zat warna alami antosianin cukup tinggi. Pengambilan zat warna antosianin dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi. Ekstraksi zat warna antosianin pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi padat-cair. Potongan kulit buah naga yang telah dikeringkan dengan oven diekstraksi dengan campuran pelarut etanol, asam asetat, dan aquades. Tahap pemurnian dilakukan dengan metode adsorpsi, desorpsi, dan analisis kesetimbangan adsorpsi isotermalal dengan cara mencampurkan ekstrak kulit buah naga dengan adsorben teraktivasi amberlite dengan perbandingan (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20). Analisis kadar antosianin dilakukan dengan analisa antosianin monomerik dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa ekstrak murni kulit buah naga menghasilkan kadar antosianin terbesar yaitu 24,1299 mg/L. Perbandingan dengan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi pada perbandingan 1:20 sebesar 0,1169 mg/g. Hasil adsorpsi diketahui berkorelasi paling baik menggunakan isotermal Freundlich dengan nilai determinasi sebesar 0,992 menggunakan suhu 30 Celcius.
Skrining Fitokimia dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Daun Tumbuhan Niko (Grewia koordersiana Burret) Landi Pote, Lodowik; Elisabeth Ipih, Hapat; Maximus M., Taek
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Volume 10, ISSUE 1, 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol10.iss1.art1

Abstract

Plants contain secondary metabolite compounds of flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, saponin, triterpenoid and steroid groups. Therefore, this study needs to be conducted to determine the secondary metabolite compounds contained in the Niko plant (Grewia koordersiana Burret) and the characterization of secondary metabolite compounds of Niko plant leaf extract (G. koordersiana Burret). Sample preparation, maceration, chromatography fractionation and characterization with UV-vis spectrophotometer and infrared spectroscopy. The dried leaves were ground by blending and weighed 200 g of G. koordersiana Burret leaf powder sample and macerated with 1 L of methanol solvent for 48 hours, then filtered. Furthermore, the extract was evaporated by vacuum rotary evaporator at 45oC and waterbath. Furthermore, phytochemical tests were carried out on the extract and fractionation using column chromatography and characterization. The results of the phytochemical test showed that the extract contained flavonoids, steroids and saponins. The results of the fractionation of methanol extract of niko leaves with column chromatography with methanol-ethyl acetate-chloroform eluent (1:2:3) obtained 25 fractions. The fractions obtained were subjected to KTL with a ratio of methanol-ethyl acetate-chloroform eluent (0.5:5:3) and 20 fractions were obtained. Furthermore, 20 fractions were subjected to TLC with a ratio of methanol-chloroform eluent (0.5:3) and the fractions with Rf 0.3 were fractions 2, 7, 9, 16, 17, and 18. Fractions with the same Rf were combined and concentrated to obtain a thick extract. The results of the UV-Vis spectrum showed that there was a π→π* transition which was conjugated C=C, and the n-π* electron transition was the chromophore group C=O. The results of the FTIR spectrum show that the wave numbers 3360 cm-1 and 3334.92 cm-1 are the (-OH) group and the wave number 2945.3 cm-1 is the C-H group and the wave number 2833.43 cm-1 is the aliphatic C-H group and the wave number 1600 cm-1 is the aromatic C=C group and the wave number 1026.13 cm-1 is the alcohol C-O group.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel CuO-Kitosan serta Uji Antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus pneumoniae Qomariyah, Ani; Wulandari, Eka Yunita; Najib, Ainun
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Volume 10, ISSUE 1, 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol10.iss1.art2

Abstract

The green chemistry technique was carried out for the first time to synthesize CuO-Chitosan nanoparticles using CuSO4 as a precursor and red dragon fruit peel extract as a reducing agent which was then applied as an antibacterial agent. The extraction procedure of red dragon fruit peel was carried out by maceration technique with methanol solvent. CuO-chitosan nanoparticles were produced through green chemistry with reduction method. The compounds in the red dragon fruit peel extract reduced Cu2+ to Cu. The successfully synthesized Cu-NPs were analyzed using FT-IR, SEM, PSA, and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The variation of reducing agent volume affected the maximum wavelength produced. The optimum reducing agent concentration (1:5) showed the highest intensity at 650 nm. The optimum pH for CuO-Chitosan synthesis was 6. Cu-NPs were stable at 20 minutes to 1 hour. Identification of functional groups with FTIR showed a shift in wave numbers between pure CuSO4 precursor and CuO-Citosan Nanoparticles, indicating the interaction of functional groups. Volume or weight analysis of CuO-Citosan Nanoparticles using PSA gave particle diameters between 80 and 120 nm with an approximate distribution of 100 nm. The results of the antibacterial test showed that the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria produced the highest inhibition zone in CuO-Citosan Nanoparticles with a concentration of 100% which had an average inhibition zone diameter of 11 mm. This proves that CuO-chitosan nanoparticles are effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Keywords: CuO-chitosan, nanoparticles, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Sintesis Nanopartikel Seng Oksida (ZnO) dari Limbah Baterai untuk Uji Antimikroba Ekstrak Tanaman Apium graveolens L. terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis Maulana, Apriyan Bima; Asih, Putri Jeni; Azizah, Salsabila Nur; Aisyah, Aisyah; Aprilliani, Dininur; Lestari, Ajeng Yulianti Dwi
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Volume 10, ISSUE 1, 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol10.iss1.art3

Abstract

Battery waste contains hazardous materials that can damage the environment if not properly treated. One innovative solution for managing this waste is the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO), known for its strong antimicrobial properties. Additionally, Apium graveolens L. extract is recognized for its significant antibacterial activity. This study aims to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles from battery waste and evaluate their effectiveness in enhancing the antimicrobial activity of Apium graveolens L. extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis. ZnO was synthesized using the coprecipitation method from Zn-C battery waste, and Apium graveolens L. extract was obtained through maceration. The ZnO characterization was conducted using XRD and FTIR, and antimicrobial tests were performed against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The results showed that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles had an average crystallite size of 41.611 nm with high crystallinity. When combined with Apium graveolens L. extract, the crystallite size became smaller, at 16.881 nm. Antimicrobial tests revealed that ZnO effectively inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis with an inhibition zone of 16 mm, while the combination of ZnO with Apium graveolens L. extract did not show antimicrobial activity. Thus, ZnO synthesized from battery waste is proven to be effective as an antimicrobial agent against S. epidermidis. This synthesis method is also environmentally friendly and has broad application potential.
PEMANFAATAN BAHAN ALAM DALAM KONSERVASI DAN ANALISIS PRASASTI TIMAH Prakoso, Nurcahyo Iman; Alifia Tia , Aulia; Ria Diar Stya, Primastiti
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Volume 10, ISSUE 1, 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol10.iss1.art4

Abstract

Artifact preservation efforts require conservation approaches that are environmentally friendly and compatible with the original materials of the object. This study examines the use of natural materials in artifact conservation, focusing on three main materials: rabbit skin glue as an adhesive, beeswax as a protective layer, and compositional analysis on tin inscriptions. FTIR testing showed the presence of protein content in rabbit skin that can produce gelatin to be used as an adhesive. Rabbit skin glue adhesion testing was conducted on ceramic and wood media with various glue concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 37.5%) under humid conditions (90% humidity and 26°C temperature) for three consecutive days. The test results showed that on the third day, only the 37,5% concentration was able to survive. In the colorimetric test, the average value of ∆E was still below 4, thus, rabbit skin glue is still safe to be used in conservation. In the case of beeswax, the mixture of beeswax with olive oil proved to be superior to the mixture of beeswax with turpentine, as it produced a more even, glossy coating, and provided better protection against moisture and prevented mold growth more effectively. XRF analysis of the tin inscriptions revealed that the main composition of the inscriptions was tin (Sn) with the highest content of 93,145% in inscription D, while lead (Pb) was found with the highest content of 21,755% in inscription A. Overall, this study shows that natural materials such as rabbit skin glue and beeswax have good potential in artifact conservation applications, providing a safer and more effective alternative compared to synthetic materials, especially in maintaining the authenticity and durability of artifacts against damaging environmental influences.
Synthesis Of Chitosan From Lobster (Nephropidae) Shell Using Reflux Heating Method Aminati, Salmah; Brilliany, Rhaina Annadroh; Dini Aprilia , Segi Tasya; Arini, Regita Putri; Warahmah, Siti Aisyah Mawaddah; Cahayaningsih, Ananda Capriyati
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Volume 10, ISSUE 1, 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol10.iss1.art5

Abstract

Chitosan synthesis from lobster shell waste (Neurophidae) has been carried out using a conventional heating method using reflux. The synthesis of chitin into chitosan was carried out by demineralization using a 5% (v/v) HCl solution, followed by a deproteination process using a 3.5% NaOH solution with a ratio of 1:10 (w/v) until chitin was formed. The chitin formed was then deacetylated using a 40% (w/v) NaOH solution until chitosan was formed. Analysis of the synthesized chitin and chitosan included confirmation of the FTIR spectra, as well as determining the degree of deacetylation of chitosan. The characterization results showed that lobster shell waste can be synthesized into chitosan using a conventional heating method at a temperature of 50-70 °C for 1 hour. The chitosan formed had a degree of deacetylation of 73.92%. Meanwhile, the yield of chitin was 35% and the yield for chitosan was 13%.
indonesia Penurunan Total Dissolved Solid Untuk Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (Air Demineral) Menggunakan Metode Ion Exchange Muhtarom, ahmad amiruddin; nofa, alif ya; kustomo, kustomo
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023): Volume 8, ISSUE 2,2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol8.iss2.art1

Abstract

Water is the most important substance in human life after air. Nearly three fourths of our body is water and no one can survive more than 4-5 days without drinking water. The sources of raw water for drinking water that are most widely used are well water, rivers and Regional Drinking Water Companies. There are at least 3 factors that cause acid mine drainage to form, namely material containing sulfide minerals, water, and air so that the surrounding water supply environment such as rivers, ponds, etc. is also polluted. . In this case practical and hygienic drinking water is an important requirement for people with lifestyles and high mobility in meeting their daily drinking water consumption needs. A treatment machine is provided in the form of 3x2 tubes connected in parallel with a water pipe, the 3 tubes contain cation resin, anion resin and activated carbon. Tirta Mekar Jaya, which owns the trademark AXOGY. Referring to the TDS reduction process, it has been regulated by Permenperind No.
- Formulasi Sediaan Nanoemulsi Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) Sebagai Bahan Aktif Pembuatan Serum Antioksidan: Pendahuluan, Metode Penelitian, Hasil dan Pembahasan, Kesimpulan SHAFA, ARIFAH ZHAFIRAH; Noor Fitri
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023): Volume 8, ISSUE 2,2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol8.iss2.art2

Abstract

This research had been carried out on the formulation of guava leaf extract nanoemulsion as an active ingredient of antioxidant serum. The steps of this research include: (1) extraction by maceration; (2) Characterization and identification of extracts include phytochemical test, DPPH test, shear reagent test, and identification of compounds using LC-MS/MS; (2) formulation of nanoemulsion using Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) method; (4) Nanoemulsion testing: stability test, antioxidant activity test using DPPH method, and irritation test, (5) nanoemulsion characterization which includes particle size, transmittance, pH, and viscosity. The results showed that: (1) the extract yields of the maceration method were 15,048%; (2) antioxidant compounds in Guava leaf extract were Candidate Mass C35H42O9, Candidate Mass C26H48O15, Candidate Mass C34H40O9, quercetin dan quercetin-3-O-α-L- arabinopyranoside; The IC50 of the macerated extract were 59,771 ± 1,357 ppm; (3) Nanoemulsions were made in 3 formulas (0.5; 1; and 1,5 g) with fixed variables of capryol 90, tween 20, and PEG 400 (1,5; 2,5; and 1); (4) stability test showed that only F1 was stable; the IC50 value of nanoemulsion is 509,039 ppm; and the F1 irritation test showed no erythema and edema; (5) The particle size of F1 was 168,2 nm with a transmittance value of 96,10%, a pH of 5,45, and a viscosity of 73,88 cP. So that the preparation of guava leaf extract nanoemulsion is not recommended as an active ingredient for making antioxidant serum. Keywords : Guava Leaf, Nanoemulsion, Antioxidant, Serum, SNEDDS
Analisis Lemak dan Asam Lemak Jenuh pada Jagung Rebus di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian Bogor Utami, Maisari; Azizah Zelia Kusumo; Danuwarsa
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023): Volume 8, ISSUE 2,2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol8.iss2.art3

Abstract

Research on the testing of fat and saturated fatty acids of boiled corn has been carried out. This study aims to determine the quantity of fat and saturated fatty acids present in quantitatively analyzed boiled corn samples harvested from agricultural fields. The fat analysis was performed using the soxhlet extraction method, furthermore, the analysis of saturated fatty acids was performed using gas chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (FID) as the detector. Based on the results of the test that has been carried out, the average fat content obtained using sohxlet extraction method from two different samples of corn which was repeated two times was 0,57%, this result were 0,58% from boiled corn samples I (simplo), 0,51% from boiled corn I (duplo), 0,60% boiled corn samples II (simplo), and 0,59% from boiled corn II (duplo). Furthermore, the total amount of saturated fatty acids obtained using the gas chromatography method was 20,43%, with the respective contents of 0.05% of myristic acid, 0.12% of lauric acid, and 20.26% of palmitic acid.

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