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INDONESIA
IJCR (Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research)
Published by Universitas Islam Indonesia
ISSN : 23549610     EISSN : 26145081     DOI : 10.20885
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology
IJCR is intended to be the journal for publishing articles reporting the results of research on Chemistry field with related topics, as well as with their development through interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach. The types of articles published in this journal include research articles, review articles and short communication. This journal covers some topics include: Inorganic Chemistry Physical Chemistry Computational Chemistry Biochemistry Analytical Chemistry Organic Chemistry Food and Medicinal Chemistry Environmental Chemistry Material Chemistry
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 109 Documents
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Biokomposit dari Serat Daun Nanas dan Serat Fiberglass Menggunakan Matriks dari Limbah Tutup Galon: Biocomposites of Pineapple Leaf Fiber and Fiberglass Fiber Using a Matrix of Waste Gallon Lids Alfi Syahrin Yuliantari; Ulya Nadhatul Shifa; Arifianto Adi Wibowo; Hidayat, Arif
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Volume 9, ISSUE 1,2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol9.iss1.art7

Abstract

This research aims to determine the effect of matrix types with natural and synthetic fibers as composite reinforcement on the tensile and bending strength of composites. The types of matrices used are waste gallon lids while the types of fiber used are pineapple leaf fiber and fiberglass. The ratio between matrix material and reinforcing material in the sample varied. Tensile testing uses the ASTM D638 standard size while bending testing uses the ASTM C393 standard size. The overall highest tensile strength is found in pineapple leaf fiber reinforcement against gallon lid matrix with a maximum tensile stress value of 30.39 MPa at a ratio of 1:4. Meanwhile, the lowest tensile strength was found in pineapple leaf fiber against gallon lid waste with the lowest tensile stress value of 3.88 MPa at a ratio of 2:8.
Pengaruh Kondisi Kultur Terhadap Karakteristik Selulosa Bakterial dari Air Kelapa Sebagai Membran untuk Filtrasi Methylene Blue Deby Febrianty Isba Diputri; Muhammad Hammam Zufar Annafie; mutiara, tintin; Ari Tri Marwanto
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Volume 9, ISSUE 1,2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol9.iss1.art8

Abstract

The development of the industries affected the increase of wastewater discharged into the environment. Dye is a pollutant that is quite dangerous for human health and ecosystems. Recently, various methods have been found to treat dyes from wastewater. Ultrafiltration wastewater treatment is one method that has minimal weaknesses. Bacterial cellulose is a promising biopolymer for separation processes due to its biocompatibility. This study applied various culture conditions to determine the optimum ones to produce bacterial cellulose membranes. The resulting B4 membrane has the best MB solution filtration capability, with a %removal value of 73.24%.
Initiation of Z-fract Formula as a Bio-additive for Industrial Machine Efficiency Inisiasi Z-fract Formula sebagai Bio-aditif Efisiensi Mesin Industri Fitri, Noor; Mauludiyah, Riskiyatul; Sukri, Qomarudin; Syahputra, Rahmat; Nurhuddah, Ika Ila
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Volume 9, ISSUE 1,2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol9.iss1.art5

Abstract

Since the onset of the industrial revolution, fuel oil (BBM) has served as the primary energy source. In Indonesia, there was a 10 percent increase in fuel consumption in 2016, reaching 48.6 million m3/year compared to the previous year, 2015. However, this rise in fuel usage hasn't been matched by an increase in Indonesia's oil reserves, which are estimated to deplete by 2050. With limited fuel reserves and mounting concerns about global warming and environmental pollution, extensive exploration into renewable and sustainable alternative fuels has been undertaken. Various researchers have proposed solutions, one of which involves incorporating additives derived from abundant non-edible natural resources in Indonesia, such as essential oils. Essential oils are extracted from plant parts using diverse techniques. These oils possess a low vapor point and are soluble in diesel fuel. Moreover, they contain diverse chemical compounds with oxygen atoms, enabling them to enhance the combustion process in diesel engines. Acting as bioadditives, essential oils augment the quality of diesel fuel. Fuel additives, which are substances added to fuel—especially gasoline or diesel—aim to enhance fuel properties, leading to improved performance. Their incorporation can reduce detrimental emissions like hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matter, CO2, and NOx emissions. Furthermore, they aid in increasing fuel viscosity, anti-knock properties, octane and cetane ratings, as well as improving cold flow characteristics, thermal stability, cleanliness, and preventing engine corrosion. Research outcomes indicate that essential oils can decrease diesel fuel consumption, lower gas emissions, and safeguard engines from rust deposits. Citronella essential oil stands out as a potential bioadditive due to its main compounds—citronellal, geraniol, and citronellol—that contain oxygen atoms. PT Arutmin Kintap has supported local farmers and distillers by cultivating citronella on 10 hectares of former mining land. Their plan involves utilizing the produced citronella essential oil to create the Z-fract Formula as a Bio-additive for industrial machine efficiency, collaborating with the Indonesian Islamic University (UII). The Z-fract bio-additive formula is specifically designed for PT Arutmin's industrial machines. Key strategic actions include: (1) Conducting workshops for essential oil farmers on proper planting techniques aligned with Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) to ensure raw material availability and production of citronella essential oil meeting SNI standards; (2) Characterization of citronella oil produced in Kintap; (3) Fractionating citronella essential oil; (4) Analysis of the chemical composition of the citronella oil fraction.
Ekstraksi Antosianin Kulit Buah Naga dan Purifikasi dengan Metode Adsorpsi Menggunakan Amberlite IRC 120 Augustia, Venitalitya; Syamsurizal; Bagus Ridwan Wibisono; Fiqran Mau Ratu Wara; Wida Banar Kusumaningrum
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Volume 9, ISSUE 1,2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol9.iss1.art9

Abstract

Kulit buah naga merupakan limbah hasil pertanian yang mengandung zat warna alami antosianin cukup tinggi. Pengambilan zat warna antosianin dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi. Ekstraksi zat warna antosianin pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi padat-cair. Potongan kulit buah naga yang telah dikeringkan dengan oven diekstraksi dengan campuran pelarut etanol, asam asetat, dan aquades. Tahap pemurnian dilakukan dengan metode adsorpsi, desorpsi, dan analisis kesetimbangan adsorpsi isotermalal dengan cara mencampurkan ekstrak kulit buah naga dengan adsorben teraktivasi amberlite dengan perbandingan (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20). Analisis kadar antosianin dilakukan dengan analisa antosianin monomerik dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa ekstrak murni kulit buah naga menghasilkan kadar antosianin terbesar yaitu 24,1299 mg/L. Perbandingan dengan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi pada perbandingan 1:20 sebesar 0,1169 mg/g. Hasil adsorpsi diketahui berkorelasi paling baik menggunakan isotermal Freundlich dengan nilai determinasi sebesar 0,992 menggunakan suhu 30 Celcius.
Skrining Fitokimia dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Daun Tumbuhan Niko (Grewia koordersiana Burret) Landi Pote, Lodowik; Elisabeth Ipih, Hapat; Maximus M., Taek
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Volume 10, ISSUE 1, 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol10.iss1.art1

Abstract

Plants contain secondary metabolite compounds of flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, saponin, triterpenoid and steroid groups. Therefore, this study needs to be conducted to determine the secondary metabolite compounds contained in the Niko plant (Grewia koordersiana Burret) and the characterization of secondary metabolite compounds of Niko plant leaf extract (G. koordersiana Burret). Sample preparation, maceration, chromatography fractionation and characterization with UV-vis spectrophotometer and infrared spectroscopy. The dried leaves were ground by blending and weighed 200 g of G. koordersiana Burret leaf powder sample and macerated with 1 L of methanol solvent for 48 hours, then filtered. Furthermore, the extract was evaporated by vacuum rotary evaporator at 45oC and waterbath. Furthermore, phytochemical tests were carried out on the extract and fractionation using column chromatography and characterization. The results of the phytochemical test showed that the extract contained flavonoids, steroids and saponins. The results of the fractionation of methanol extract of niko leaves with column chromatography with methanol-ethyl acetate-chloroform eluent (1:2:3) obtained 25 fractions. The fractions obtained were subjected to KTL with a ratio of methanol-ethyl acetate-chloroform eluent (0.5:5:3) and 20 fractions were obtained. Furthermore, 20 fractions were subjected to TLC with a ratio of methanol-chloroform eluent (0.5:3) and the fractions with Rf 0.3 were fractions 2, 7, 9, 16, 17, and 18. Fractions with the same Rf were combined and concentrated to obtain a thick extract. The results of the UV-Vis spectrum showed that there was a π→π* transition which was conjugated C=C, and the n-π* electron transition was the chromophore group C=O. The results of the FTIR spectrum show that the wave numbers 3360 cm-1 and 3334.92 cm-1 are the (-OH) group and the wave number 2945.3 cm-1 is the C-H group and the wave number 2833.43 cm-1 is the aliphatic C-H group and the wave number 1600 cm-1 is the aromatic C=C group and the wave number 1026.13 cm-1 is the alcohol C-O group.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel CuO-Kitosan serta Uji Antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus pneumoniae Qomariyah, Ani; Wulandari, Eka Yunita; Najib, Ainun
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Volume 10, ISSUE 1, 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol10.iss1.art2

Abstract

The green chemistry technique was carried out for the first time to synthesize CuO-Chitosan nanoparticles using CuSO4 as a precursor and red dragon fruit peel extract as a reducing agent which was then applied as an antibacterial agent. The extraction procedure of red dragon fruit peel was carried out by maceration technique with methanol solvent. CuO-chitosan nanoparticles were produced through green chemistry with reduction method. The compounds in the red dragon fruit peel extract reduced Cu2+ to Cu. The successfully synthesized Cu-NPs were analyzed using FT-IR, SEM, PSA, and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The variation of reducing agent volume affected the maximum wavelength produced. The optimum reducing agent concentration (1:5) showed the highest intensity at 650 nm. The optimum pH for CuO-Chitosan synthesis was 6. Cu-NPs were stable at 20 minutes to 1 hour. Identification of functional groups with FTIR showed a shift in wave numbers between pure CuSO4 precursor and CuO-Citosan Nanoparticles, indicating the interaction of functional groups. Volume or weight analysis of CuO-Citosan Nanoparticles using PSA gave particle diameters between 80 and 120 nm with an approximate distribution of 100 nm. The results of the antibacterial test showed that the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria produced the highest inhibition zone in CuO-Citosan Nanoparticles with a concentration of 100% which had an average inhibition zone diameter of 11 mm. This proves that CuO-chitosan nanoparticles are effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Keywords: CuO-chitosan, nanoparticles, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Sintesis Nanopartikel Seng Oksida (ZnO) dari Limbah Baterai untuk Uji Antimikroba Ekstrak Tanaman Apium graveolens L. terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis Maulana, Apriyan Bima; Asih, Putri Jeni; Azizah, Salsabila Nur; Aisyah, Aisyah; Aprilliani, Dininur; Lestari, Ajeng Yulianti Dwi
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Volume 10, ISSUE 1, 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol10.iss1.art3

Abstract

Battery waste contains hazardous materials that can damage the environment if not properly treated. One innovative solution for managing this waste is the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO), known for its strong antimicrobial properties. Additionally, Apium graveolens L. extract is recognized for its significant antibacterial activity. This study aims to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles from battery waste and evaluate their effectiveness in enhancing the antimicrobial activity of Apium graveolens L. extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis. ZnO was synthesized using the coprecipitation method from Zn-C battery waste, and Apium graveolens L. extract was obtained through maceration. The ZnO characterization was conducted using XRD and FTIR, and antimicrobial tests were performed against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The results showed that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles had an average crystallite size of 41.611 nm with high crystallinity. When combined with Apium graveolens L. extract, the crystallite size became smaller, at 16.881 nm. Antimicrobial tests revealed that ZnO effectively inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis with an inhibition zone of 16 mm, while the combination of ZnO with Apium graveolens L. extract did not show antimicrobial activity. Thus, ZnO synthesized from battery waste is proven to be effective as an antimicrobial agent against S. epidermidis. This synthesis method is also environmentally friendly and has broad application potential.
PEMANFAATAN BAHAN ALAM DALAM KONSERVASI DAN ANALISIS PRASASTI TIMAH Prakoso, Nurcahyo Iman; Alifia Tia , Aulia; Ria Diar Stya, Primastiti
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Volume 10, ISSUE 1, 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol10.iss1.art4

Abstract

Artifact preservation efforts require conservation approaches that are environmentally friendly and compatible with the original materials of the object. This study examines the use of natural materials in artifact conservation, focusing on three main materials: rabbit skin glue as an adhesive, beeswax as a protective layer, and compositional analysis on tin inscriptions. FTIR testing showed the presence of protein content in rabbit skin that can produce gelatin to be used as an adhesive. Rabbit skin glue adhesion testing was conducted on ceramic and wood media with various glue concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 37.5%) under humid conditions (90% humidity and 26°C temperature) for three consecutive days. The test results showed that on the third day, only the 37,5% concentration was able to survive. In the colorimetric test, the average value of ∆E was still below 4, thus, rabbit skin glue is still safe to be used in conservation. In the case of beeswax, the mixture of beeswax with olive oil proved to be superior to the mixture of beeswax with turpentine, as it produced a more even, glossy coating, and provided better protection against moisture and prevented mold growth more effectively. XRF analysis of the tin inscriptions revealed that the main composition of the inscriptions was tin (Sn) with the highest content of 93,145% in inscription D, while lead (Pb) was found with the highest content of 21,755% in inscription A. Overall, this study shows that natural materials such as rabbit skin glue and beeswax have good potential in artifact conservation applications, providing a safer and more effective alternative compared to synthetic materials, especially in maintaining the authenticity and durability of artifacts against damaging environmental influences.
Synthesis Of Chitosan From Lobster (Nephropidae) Shell Using Reflux Heating Method Aminati, Salmah; Brilliany, Rhaina Annadroh; Dini Aprilia , Segi Tasya; Arini, Regita Putri; Warahmah, Siti Aisyah Mawaddah; Cahayaningsih, Ananda Capriyati
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Volume 10, ISSUE 1, 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol10.iss1.art5

Abstract

Chitosan synthesis from lobster shell waste (Neurophidae) has been carried out using a conventional heating method using reflux. The synthesis of chitin into chitosan was carried out by demineralization using a 5% (v/v) HCl solution, followed by a deproteination process using a 3.5% NaOH solution with a ratio of 1:10 (w/v) until chitin was formed. The chitin formed was then deacetylated using a 40% (w/v) NaOH solution until chitosan was formed. Analysis of the synthesized chitin and chitosan included confirmation of the FTIR spectra, as well as determining the degree of deacetylation of chitosan. The characterization results showed that lobster shell waste can be synthesized into chitosan using a conventional heating method at a temperature of 50-70 °C for 1 hour. The chitosan formed had a degree of deacetylation of 73.92%. Meanwhile, the yield of chitin was 35% and the yield for chitosan was 13%.

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