Retorik: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora
Retorik: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora was founded in 2001 with the aim of seeking a new scientific ethos in the humanities with an interdisciplinary, political, and textual spirit. It was, and still remains, the aspiration of Retorik to foster humanities research with a scientific ethos capable of responding to the needs of the Indonesian society that continues to strive to become more democratic, just, and pluralistic in the aftermath of long authoritarian rule, under social, economic, and political conditions still characterized by inequality. In its interdisciplinary spirit, Retorik has drawn insights from an array of disciplines, most notably, political economy, language (including semiotics), and psychoanalysis, to that end. As various managerial requirements stifle the passion for academic and intellectual life, while simultaneously in the broader Indonesian society, the ideals of Reformation are frustrated by political and economic oligarchy that continues to exist with impunity, Retorik affirms the need to defend a scientific ethos at present, for the future. In light of its aims, Retorik promotes original research that makes advances in the following areas: 1. Historically-informed studies that engage with the conditions, contexts, and relations of power within which the humanities were born, and with which the humanities are entwined. 2. Dialogues with various disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, including history, sociology, psychology, and anthropology. 3. Interdisciplinary research pertaining to critical pedagogy, religious and cultural studies, art studies, and new social movements. 4. Experimentation with new forms of knowledge that foster the formation of a more democratic, just, and plural society. 5. Studies that are sensitive to the vital role of both technology and art in contemporary society and seek to understand the ways in which art, technology, and economy together contribute to the formation of contemporary cultures and societies.
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<![CDATA[Pengalaman Empiris Sebagai Sumber dan Pertimbangan Moral Manusia Pada Society 5.0 dalam Perspektif Moralitas David Hume ]]>
<![CDATA[Babtista, Thomas Rosario]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratama, Rengga Nata]]>;
<![CDATA[Sari, Cindy Gupita]]>
<![CDATA[ Retorik: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora Vol 12, No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ret.v12i1.7490
<![CDATA[Society 5.0 menjelaskan peran sentral IoT, AI, dan robot dalam perkembangan sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi. Pengaruh tersebut tidak hanya terjadi di Jepang, tetapi terjadi di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Kemajuan teknologi tersebut menimbulkan pertanyaan mendasar, yaitu apakah perkembangan teknologi ini bisa memengaruhi sumber dan pertimbangan moral manusia? Apakah hal tersebut membuat manusia menjadi entitas tanpa perasaan yang berfokus pada kemajuan global? Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis isu moral pada Society 5.0 menggunakan sumber dan pertimbangan moral menurut David Hume dengan metode studi pustaka. David Hume menekankan dalam moralnya bahwa pengalaman empiris dan perasaan membentuk moralitas itu sendiri. Dalam Society 5.0, pengalaman empiris dan perasaan menjadi sesuatu yang diperhatikan. Alasan pertama adalah bahwa nilai pengalaman empiris mulai tergeser oleh teknologi, dan interaksi manusia dilakukan melalui media digital. Kedua, teknologi yang berkembang tidak dapat sepenuhnya menggantikan aspek emosional dalam hubungan antarmanusia, seperti kepercayaan dan simpati. Menurut Hume, kedua elemen ini penting dalam membentuk respons moral manusia sehingga dapat merefleksikan perasaan dan pengalaman empiris agar memiliki moralitas yang semakin relevan terhadap perkembangan teknologi Society 5.0.]]>
<![CDATA[Gerbang Menuju Prekarisasi: Studi Pengalaman Kerja Sukarelawan dan Pemagang Muda di Festival Seni Biennale Jogja Equator ]]>
<![CDATA[Brillianesti, Sukma Smita Grah]]>
<![CDATA[ Retorik: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora Vol 12, No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ret.v12i1.8715
<![CDATA[Penelitian ini menawarkan penyelidikan terkait dinamika kerja budaya, khususnya pelibatan sukarelawan dan pemagang dalam festival seni. Terlepas dari daya tariknya sebagai ekspresi kekayaan kesenian, festival seni menyembunyikan tantangan mendasar terkait kerja sukarela yang mengaburkan batas antara altruisme dan eksploitasi, antara kesukarelaan tanpa upah dan kerja berupah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnografi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi langsung, wawancara, dan studi literatur yang menyasar para peserta magang dan sukarelawan yang terlibat dalam kegiatan festival seni, khusus Biennale Jogja Equator sebagai studi kasus utama. Keseluruhan proses wawancara ini berlangsung selama Oktober – Desember 2023. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun para relawan mendapatkan pengalaman langsung yang tak ternilai dan mengembangkan keterampilan penting dalam sektor kreatif, mereka juga bergulat dengan tantangan sistemik yang melekat dalam ekosistem produksi festival seni. Di satu sisi ada bentuk formasi modal budaya dan sosial sukarelawan, seperti akuisisi keterampilan dan kesempatan berjejaring; di sisi lain, tetap menyisakan pertanyaan tentang bagaimana menerjemahkan modal tersebut menjadi keuntungan atau modal ekonomi yang nyata. Kondisi ini membuat kerja sukarela dan program magang menjadi gerbang menuju prekarisasi yang lebih dalam.]]>
<![CDATA[Dennett dan Poshumanisme: Sebuah Pembelaan terhadap Program Naturalisasi Pikiran dari Kecurigaan Poshumanisme Wolfe ]]>
<![CDATA[Wicaksono, Dimas Aditya]]>
<![CDATA[ Retorik: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora Vol 12, No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ret.v12i1.7456
<![CDATA[This article criticizes Cary Wolfe’s interpretation of Daniel Dennett’s posthumanism which is structured in three categories of problem: language, representation, and species. According to Wolfe, humanism faces problems due to internal tensions stemming from the concepts of anthropocentrism and speciesism that constituted it. Both dogmas are considered institutionalized in cognitive science studies of language and its relationship with the mind, as exemplified by Dennett’s thought. Although Dennett is generally regarded as someone who contributed to moving cognitive science away from the Cartesian tradition, Wolfe considers him to have fallen back into the Cartesian mode of thinking due to his view of the cognitive difference between humans and non-human animals, namely by referring to humans’ ability to reflect on behavior, externalize cognitive functions, and stabilize the concept of self through representational capacity facilitated by language. This article argues that Wolfe fails to read Dennett’s intellectual project for several reasons: first, the cognitive difference between humans and non-human animals is not built on an essentialist ontology, but rather the opposite; second, the mental representationalism maintained by Dennett needs to be understood in terms of interpretivism rather than direct realism toward mental content; and third, stabilizing the concept of self through language does not bring back the Cartesian subject as a “ghost in the machine,” but rather as a social artifact enabled by the organization of information by a system/agent with a certain design architecture.]]>
<![CDATA[Negosiasi Manusia dan Nonmanusia Pasca-Alih Fungsi Hutan Bakau Menjadi Tambang Garam ]]>
<![CDATA[Kaho, Eventus Ombri]]>
<![CDATA[ Retorik: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora Vol 12, No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ret.v12i1.7501
<![CDATA[Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat kekerabatan antara manusia dan nonmanusia pasca-alih fungsi hutan bakau menjadi tambang garam di Desa Weseben, khususnya di Kampung Metamanasi–Nusa Tenggara Timur. Lebih dari itu, penelitian ini melihat upaya negosiasi antara manusia-nonmanusia dalam membangun kehidupan yang berkelanjutan dalam perspektif posthuman. Titik tolak negosiasi ini ialah kerusakan hutan bakau yang dialihfungsikan menjadi tambang garam. Eksistensi hutan bakau nyatanya memiliki peran yang begitu penting bagi manusia dan nonmanusia di wilayah Metamanasi. Selain itu, masyarakat Metamanasi memiliki kedekatan dengan hutan bakau. Mereka mampu mengenali aroma, bentuk, warna bahkan bioakustiknya. Namun, kedekatan tersebut pudar ketika hutan bakau dieksploitasi demi pembangunan tambang garam. Alih fungsi hutan bakau menjadi tambang garam membawa perubahan yang sangat besar pada relasi antara manusia dan nonmanusia di wilayah Metamanasi. Maka, pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini ialah bagaimana upaya memulihkan relasi antara manusia dan nonmanusia pasca-alih fungsi hutan bakau menjadi tambang garam? Mengapa manusia dan nonmanusia melakukan pemulihan pasca-alih fungsi hutan bakau menjadi tambang garam? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut, dibutuhkan metode penelitian dalam pengumpulan data. Data diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi data dari media online. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan posthuman, yakni teori “making kin” dari Donna Haraway dan “zoe” dari Rosi Braidotti. Sehingga pada akhirnya kita melihat upaya dari manusia dan nonmanusia dalam memulihkan kehidupanya sebagai kerabat sekaligus menjadi subjek yang terus bergerak.]]>
<![CDATA[Psycho-Pass: Potret Masyarakat Kontrol dalam Kendali Sistem Algoritmik ]]>
<![CDATA[Mata Hine, Eirens Josua]]>
<![CDATA[ Retorik: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora Vol 12, No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ret.v12i1.5773
<![CDATA[Psycho-Pass is an anime series in the cyberpunk genre that displays a social portrait of modern Japanese society, which offers the utopia of a “perfect social system.” The author uses this anime as a space to reflect critically on discourses and social realities that currently are or will be formed, in an era where everything is connected to algorithmic systems. The author’s findings reveal that the posthuman reality is something that inevitably occurs in people’s bodies, making them increasingly vulnerable to becoming objects of control and surveillance by both companies and the government. People who are not fully aware are trapped in the illusion of freedom and submit themselves to the supervision of the system. Of course, this kind of situation will give rise to resistance from within and without, which potentially constitute (counter)discourses that do not comply with the system. Dialectically, such resistance has a very important role in raising public awareness in facing the modulation of control society (Deleuze) which has adapted to our behavior. Therefore, criticality is needed, even if there is a need for risky disclosure (parrhesia) in carrying out and carrying out counter-monitoring of system regulations that apply in society.]]>
<![CDATA[Introducing Vol. 12 No. 1 ]]>
<![CDATA[Kim, Min Seong]]>
<![CDATA[ Retorik: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora Vol 12, No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ret.v12i1.8983
<![CDATA[The first article in this issue of Retorik, “Human’s and Nonhuman’s Negotiations after the Conversion of the Function of Mangrove Forests into Salt Mines” by Eventus Ombri Kaho, examines the transformation in the relationship between humans and nonhumans following the conversion of mangrove forests to salt mines in East Nusa Tenggara. From a posthumanist perspective that draws from Donna Haraway and Rosi Braidotti, Kaho examines how the intimate relation between the inhabitants of the Weseben village with the mangrove forest were lost due to the salt mine development and goes on to consider how the damaged human-nonhuman “kinship” might be recovered.]]>
<![CDATA[Christianity and Empire in South Manipur Hills: Senvon Encounter and the Dialogic Zo Peoples (Review) ]]>
<![CDATA[Vumjou, Henry]]>
<![CDATA[ Retorik: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora Vol 12, No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ret.v12i1.8446
<![CDATA[Christianity and Empire in South Manipur Hills: Senvon Encounter and the Dialogic Zo Peoples. Oxford, Regnum Books International (2022), by Samuel G. Ngaihte, and Reuben Paulianding. Paperback, 166pp. $5.36. Indian Edition published by ISPCK.]]>
