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Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN)
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26865122     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077/fetrian
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
FETRIAN welcome manuscript from all perspective and on all subject pertaining to international relations. It seeks to publish leading scholarship that engages with theoritical, empirical, and normative subject in international relations
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 56 Documents
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Upaya Diplomasi Publik Korea Selatan Dalam Menyebarkan Hallyu Di Amerika Serikat Pada Pemerintahan Moon Jae In Niju Fayza; Anita Afriani Sinulingga; Inda Mustika Permata
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol 4 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.4.1.24-62.2022

Abstract

Relations between the United States and South Korea during the Moon Jae In Administration experienced ups and downs that impacted South Korea's security problems. In addition, the United States's public sentiment towards South Korea still shows a high number compared to other countries. However, the spread of hallyu turned out to be successful with the decline in United States public sentiment towards South Korea and hallyu from 35.6% in 2017 to 16.5% in 2020. This study aims to analyze South Korea public diplomacy efforts in spreading hallyu to the United States in order to improve their relations and the image of South Korea as an attractive country as stated in Public Diplomacy Act 2017-2021. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach and utilizes data from secondary sources. This study uses Fitzpatrick's concept of public diplomacy which divides public diplomacy activities into six indicators. Based on Fitzpatrick's concept of public diplomacy, this study finds that there are five activities, advocacy of South Korean policies and culture through digital, communication of the South Korean government elite, building long-term relationships with various actors, promoting arts and culture by holding hallyu festivals, movie nights, and exhibitions, as well as providing political assistance to the United States. Interestingly, this research found that the South Korean government often included hallyu stars in most of its activities which accelerating the spread of hallyu in the United States.
The Effect of China on ASEAN: The BRI Projects in Myanmar Ali Demir
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol 4 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.4.2.126-147.2022

Abstract

This article focuses on China's gaining favourable approaches in ASEAN as a result of its investment in BRI projects within ASEAN countries. The study tries to explain both how China-Myanmar bilateral relations have developed and how Myanmar's position in ASEAN can be a possible "ally" of China by addressing China's BRI projects in Myanmar. The article focused on some of China's unfinished BRI projects, especially in Myanmar, and touched upon China's geostrategic goals through Myanmar. ASEAN's economic dependence on China and the need to maintain China's economic and political dominance in the Southeast Asian region make BRI projects both an economic lifeline and an endless interdependence for both parties. The US-China tension in the region and China's growing military capacity lead ASEAN countries to follow the "hedging strategy". However, due to countries such as Myanmar and Cambodia that have close economic and political relations with China, it remains unclear what position ASEAN will take in the future.
Keputusan Vladimir Putin dalam Kebijakan Special Military Operation (SMO) Terhadap Ukraina Pada Tahun 2022 Richard Ivander Arli; Haiyyu Darman Moenir; Rifki Dermawan
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol 4 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.4.2.148-179.2022

Abstract

Russia launched a Special Military Operation (SMO) against Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The operation was based on Volodymyr Zelensky's planned membership of Ukraine to NATO in 2021. Vladimir Putin perceived the plan as a threat to Russia's core strategic interest in its national security. This decision has in fact put Russia on various international sanctions and condemnation. This study aims to explain the policy-making process that Vladimir Putin went through as president of Russia in that policy. The process will be analyzed using polyheuristic theory, which in its analysis is divided into two stages, namely the cognitive stage and the rational choice stage. This research is categorized as qualitative research with a descriptive analysis approach, utilizing secondary data. At the cognitive stage, there were three alternative options Putin had: the imposition of economic sanctions, continuing negotiations with the US, NATO, and Ukraine, and launching the military operation. Putin then decided to launch the military operation because it was considered rational to the interests of his domestic political dimension. This is aligned with the lexicographic decision rule identified at the rational choice stage, that Putin in deciding the SMO tends to ignore profits on other dimensions, such as the economy. Putin's preferred advantage corresponds to the support of the public and Russian elites, which is obtained by strengthening Russia's negotiating position against the United States, Ukraine, and NATO, and Russia's position as a great power.
The Sub-Saharan Refugee Crisis: Three Decades of Somali Refugees in Kenya, How did Kenya become the home of half a million Somali refugees? Isobel Rose Meharg
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol 5 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.5.1.1-22.2023

Abstract

The case study seeks to unpack the origins of Somali displacement and the subsequent Kenyan policy responses to the unfolding crisis. The Somali refugee crisis is unique. Somalia has been the site of one of the longest humanitarian crises in the world. There is not simply one reason for so many globally and internally displaced Somalis, but an accumulation of factors. The research paper shall follow a threefold structure. Firstly, an outline of the context under which these people became refugees to aid understanding of the displacement from Somalia over three decades. Secondly, this paper shall address why Kenya is the predominant destination of those leaving Somalia. This section shall also focus on Kenyan policy in response to the evolving refugee situation. Finally, this paper will focus on the changing policy of Kenya, the attempts to resettle Somali refugees and to close the Dadaab complex. One will pose the question why this policy is not working.
Respon China Terhadap Kebijakan Penempatan Sistem Terminal High Altitude Area Defence Korea Selatan Muhamad Aryabima; Muhammad Aryabima Pratama; Son Adillah Patra
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol 5 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.5.1.76-105.2023

Abstract

South Korea is working with the United States to develop a Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) defense system to defend the country from possible attacks by North Korea. However, China objected to this because it was considered a threat to the country's security. Researchers are trying to find out what the response given by China is in accordance with the objections they raised. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with secondary data sources. The result was that China implemented a boycott policy and various prohibitions on products and tourism which had an impact on the South Korean economy. As a way out, South Korea issued a public statement known as the “three no’s” to normalize relations with China.
Implementasi CITES Oleh Indonesia Dalam Perdagangan Hiu Martil dan Hiu Sutra Carina Maynelfa; Anita Afriani Sinulingga; Silvi Cory
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol 5 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.5.1.142-167.2023

Abstract

Analyzing the obstacles faced by Indonesia when implementing Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna(CITES) rules regarding the protection of sharks that are listed in Appendix II. Hammerhead sharks and silk sharks are the types of sharks that were listed in Appendix II in 2013 and 2016. Indonesia has ratified CITES from 1978 until now it is still implementing CITES rules. Various regulations have been made by the government to show its seriousness in dealing with the problem of catching sharks for trade. There has been an increase in shark catches and trade despite various efforts. The obstacles experienced by Indonesia were analyzed using the concept of Abram Charles and Chayes, namely regime compliance which has three indicators, namely ambiguity, lack of capacity, and temporal dimension. This study uses a descriptive methodology with a qualitative approach. The researcher found that Indonesia experienced obstacles in implementing the CITES regime for the protection of sharks, especially hammerheads and silks because of the national rules derived from the ratified CITES convention causing doubts or ambiguity in domestic regulations and Indonesia's limited capacity at the level of education and technology for coastal communities as well and also fishermen's dependence on haul from sharks. Several conditions experienced by Indonesia are obstacles in implementing CITES rules, especially the protection of hammerhead sharks and silk sharks.
Peran Orangutan Information Centre Dalam Konservasi Orangutan Di Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Melalui Collaborative Management Plan-Small Grants Programme Athalla Vareel Ebsyar; Zulkifli Harza; Putiviola Elian Nasir
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol 5 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.5.1.106-141.2023

Abstract

The habitat of the Sumatran orangutan in the Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) area is under threat, due to illegal logging activities, construction of facilities and infrastructure, and encroachment on boundaries. In an effort to overcome this problem, the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB) in collaboration with the Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau (Kfw) created the Small Grants Program (SGP). SGP aims to support the efforts of the ASEAN Heritage Park (AHP) in protecting biodiversity, one of which is the orangutan. TNGL as AHP has been selected to run SGP in Indonesia and the Orangutan Information Centre (OIC) has been selected as a partner to run the SGP cycle one and cycle two at TNGL. OIC as a non-governmental organization (NGO) is taking part in orangutan conservation efforts in Gunung Leuser National Park through the Small Grants Program of the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity. The research method used is qualitative using descriptive analysis research types and utilizing interview data with the Orangutan Information Center and observations of the Gunung Leuser National Park. The concept of the role of non-governmental organizations according to Lewis and Kanji is used to answer the research problem formulation. In the SGP ACB project, OIC plays the role of implementer by carrying out activities, namely restoring the Induk Barak area, compiling technical guidelines for orangutan protection and mitigation strategies on the Karo Langkat road, conducting surveys of orangutan population density on the Karo Langkat road and Halaban restoration. As a catalyst OIC carried out activities namely facilitating restoration training for the Barak Induk community group, advocating for the government for the protection and mitigation of orangutans on the Karo Langkat road, conducting permaculture activities in (Halaban village, Telagah village and Bukit Mas village). As a partnership, OIC carries out activities, namely working with the Barak Induk community to restore the Barak Induk area, working with the government to conduct a population density survey of orangutans on the Karo Langkat and Halaban roads.
Uncover the Indonesia Middlepowermanship: When Indonesia find the Middle Power Moment? Bima Jon Nanda
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol 5 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.5.1.23-50.2023

Abstract

Indonesia is middle power state. But no state can be a middle power all the time. There is middle power moment which allows ones to pursue its middle powerdom. This article aim to explain Indonesia middlepowermanship and its middle power moment. This article applies a data-driven, qualitative approach using secondary data. This article argues that Indonesia middlepowermanship is Indonesia’s persistent effort to build a rules-based regional order in Southeast Asia and the broader Indo-Pacific using ASEAN and Bali Democracy Forum. While Indonesia middle power moment started as early of 2003, when Indonesia take the role as ASEAN chairmanship that lead into Bali Concord II and ASEAN Charted 2008.
The Strategy of Taiwan Digital Diplomacy Association (TDDA) for Taiwan’s International Presence Eva Ermylina
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol 5 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.5.1.51-75.2023

Abstract

This paper examines Taiwan Digital Diplomacy Association (TDDA) 's strategy for gaining public awareness of Taiwan’s international presence. As a non-governmental and non-profit organization, TDDA can be classified as a civil society that has a pure interest. Unlike other civil society organizations which focus on human rights, justice, or environmental issues, the goal of TDDA is to promote Taiwan on the global stage. By using digital platform and actively campaigning on social media such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, TDDA acts as a part of citizen diplomat and helps the country reaches its goal which is to be present in the international community since Taiwan is isolated by China due the Cross-Strait issue and One China Policy. Moreover, this paper is a descriptive and qualitative research which is analysed by using the concept of civil society. The data is collected from interviewing the project manager of TDDA, research journals, and the internet sources such as official websites and social media. It can be mentioned that TDDA uses two main strategies to get its aim namely advocating and networking. However, how effective this strategy is not explained in this paper, the research about that topic might be done in the future.
Partisipasi Jepang Dalam Pembangunan Transportasi Moda Raya Terpadu Indonesia Melalui Forum Group of Twenty (G-20) Suryanti, Made Selly Dwi; Prayoga, Firlantio Alen Chandra
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.5.2.54-82.2023

Abstract

As a developed country with leading expertise in the field of transportation infrastructure, Japan plays a very influential and vital role in the development of the MRT project in Indonesia. The contribution made by Japan through their expertise and experience in building transportation infrastructure can bring substantial benefits to the development of MRT in Indonesia. This research aims to explain the relations between Indonesia and Japan through the Group of 20 (G-20) meeting held in Bali in 2022. By using qualitative descriptive methods, this study will draw more on secondary data contained in related literature and online sources. The results of this research show that Japan's participation in the Group of Twenty (G-20) provides an important context for examining its role and contribution in the context of multilateral cooperation. The G20 is an international forum consisting of developed and developing countries that discusses global economic and financial issues. Within the G20 framework, Japan can interact with other member countries and increase their collaboration in developing MRT transportation in Indonesia. It is hoped that this research will contribute to adding to the literature related to bilateral cooperation, international economics in the study of international relations.

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