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Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN)
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26865122     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077/fetrian
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
FETRIAN welcome manuscript from all perspective and on all subject pertaining to international relations. It seeks to publish leading scholarship that engages with theoritical, empirical, and normative subject in international relations
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 56 Documents
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Comparing ARF and Six Party Talks in the North Korean Nuclear Issue: A Regional Institution Approach Pratama, Eros
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.5.2.83-109.2023

Abstract

The North Korean Nuclear Issue is one of the post-World War II problems that are not yet settled after the Cold War concluded. This issue has been escalated at least to the regional level that is being discussed not only by the two Koreas but also by some regional parties particularly in Asia. Two of the most well highlighted regional fora that handle the issue are the Six Party Talks and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). The existence of the two fora itself able to represent the two camps of regional studies in describing the dialogues on North Korean Nuclear issue: Global power-led and the multilateral mechanism-led. This paper is basically comparing the manifestations of these two camps. The result showed that for the case of North Korea issue, the multilateralist ARF able to consistently deal with the issue longer even though the progress is relatively low. The Six Party Talks is in contrast where with more ambitious goal, more dedicated forum to the issue, and larger involvement of the global powers, the Talks was unable to maintain its existence for a longer time nor achieve the expected progress.
Bahasa Inggris Halim, Abdul; Nisrina, Athira; Hafizh Ahmad Bayurizki
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.7.1.39-68.2025

Abstract

Since the beginning of independence, Indonesia's Islamic identity has played an important role, especially in efforts to gain recognition from other countries. This research aims to find out how the construction of Islamic Identity in Indonesia's foreign policy making from the Soekarno to Jokowi administration. This research uses qualitative research methods by taking constructivism theory as an analytical knife. The results show that Islamic identity has an important role in Indonesia's foreign policy, especially in the era of President Soekarno, Megawati, and SBY. Meanwhile, during the reigns of Soekarno, Habibie and Gus Dur, Islamic identity still played an important role, although it did not have a significant influence on foreign policy.
Efektivitas Rejim Lingkungan Internasional: Analisis Komparatif terhadap Protokol Kyoto dan Kesepakatan Paris Nugroho, Bambang Wahyu; Ghanem, Hamdi M.G.A.A
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.7.1.1-38.2025

Abstract

The persistent challenge of global environmental degradation underscores the critical need to evaluate the efficacy of international environmental regimes (IERs). This study conducts a rigorous comparative analysis of the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement to identify determinants of regime effectiveness, conceptualized through compliance, empowerment, and socialization. Employing a mixed-methods approach—including qualitative document analysis, semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, and quantitative assessment of emission data—we examine how regime design, contextual factors, and actor commitment influence outcomes. Our findings reveal that effectiveness is significantly constrained by structural asymmetries in commitments, inadequate verification mechanisms, and divergent national interests. While the Paris Agreement’s polycentric architecture offers greater adaptability, its reliance on voluntary Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) risks ambition gaps. The Kyoto Protocol’s binding targets suffered from limited participation and enforcement incapacity. We conclude that robust effectiveness requires adaptive frameworks integrating legally binding elements with equitable burden-sharing, stringent monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems, and enhanced legitimacy through inclusive governance. Policy implications emphasize redesigning compliance incentives and strengthening transnational accountability networks.
Bahasa Inggris Yarmawati, Denny
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.6.1.1-17.2024

Abstract

This essay attempts to compare Marxism and Feminism theories in regard to depict the definition of the state concept in a further analysis. Both Marxists and some feminists exemplify states as social relations. When Marxists see it as class relations between bourgeois and proletariat, Feminists identify it as gender – class relations between male and female (Kantola, 2006: 123). Moreover, due to the attempt to investigate more about the theory of the state comparatively, this essay will focus on the instrumentalism to analyse the state in Marxism and compare it with state concept in feminism. Nonetheless, the relevancy of the comparison will also depend on the pertinent element of feminism. In feminism, there is a typology that divides the theory into several main elements which are liberal feminism, radical feminism, and Marxist-feminism. However, concerning about bringing a compatible outcome for this essay, a proportional component that is perceived as a suitable element to be compared with instrumentalism in Marxism theory is liberal feminism which indicated the first wave of feminism. As an outcome, this essay is expected to be able to provide a proper argument about which theory is deemed to be a relevant thought to explain the concept of state.
Implementasi Sanksi Ekonomi Pemerintah Inggris Terhadap Rusia di Liga Sepak Bola Inggris pada Tahun 2022-2023 Yudhistira, Evantio; Arisanto, Puguh Toko
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.7.1.96 - 132.2025

Abstract

This study examines the targeted economic sanctions (smart sanctions) imposed by the UK Government on Russian-affiliated actors in the English Premier League during the 2022–2023 period, in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Using a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach, the study explores how international economic sanctions became closely linked to the world of professional football and highlights the concept of issue linkage, particularly negative linkage, in international relations. The UK Government imposed sanctions including asset freezes, restrictions on ownership and new investments, termination of sponsorship agreements, and limitations on financial services targeting clubs affiliated with Russia, such as Chelsea FC, Everton FC, and Arsenal FC. These sanctions caused financial instability, disrupted commercial operations, and led to changes in club ownership. The study also finds that the pressure from these sanctions prompted both the UK Government and the Premier League to strengthen regulations on foreign ownership transparency and investment oversight, marking a shift toward stricter control in the English football industry.
Peran Strategis LPBI NU Jombang dalam Isu Lingkungan Global Iskandar, Winda Nurlaily Rafikalia; Rodhotul Uswatun Chasanah; Latifatul Ilmia; Farah Salsabila
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.7.1.69-95.2025

Abstract

This research focuses on global environmental issues that impact the local level, both in urban and rural areas. Various elements of society are expected to play an active role in responding to global environmental issues, one of which is driven by a religious based organization, Lembaga Penanggulangan Bencana dan Perubahan Iklim Nahdlatul Ulama (LPBI NU) Jombang. The purpose of this research is to examine the role of LPBI NU Jombang in responding to global environmental issues. This research uses the transnational environmental concept by Reiner Grundmann, which links global environmental issues not only the responsibility of government actors but also emphasizes the framework of cooperation between various elements and transnational actors, both governmental and non-governmental actors. This research used qualitative methods and descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques in this research used literature studies and in-depth interview with the head of LPBI NU Jombang. The results of this study indicate that LPBI NU Jombang plays an active role as an agent of change to environmental issues in Jombang. Some programs initiated by LPBI NU Jombang include GASPOL, JAMSENA, and Madrasah Tangguh Bencana. The activities are a collaboration between multi-actors with adapting local conditions. Although the issues and guidelines used by LPBI NU Jombang are international, the resulting solutions prioritize local values to ensure targeted effectiveness.

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