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Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN)
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26865122     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077/fetrian
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
FETRIAN welcome manuscript from all perspective and on all subject pertaining to international relations. It seeks to publish leading scholarship that engages with theoritical, empirical, and normative subject in international relations
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 71 Documents
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The COP28 Controversy and Its Impact on Indonesia as a Developing Country nurdin, rafi
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.7.2.81-104.2025

Abstract

The COP28 conference is a multilateral forum that brings together nearly 200 countries to respond to the urgency of the global climate crisis through a shared commitment to the transition from fossil fuels to environmentally friendly energy. In this conference, Indonesia not only acts as an active participant, but also as a representative of developing countries that face challenges in implementing the energy transition. Even though it is an important country in COP28, Indonesia's position as a developing country at this conference means that Indonesia remains one of the countries that is likely to be affected by a number of controversies behind the existence of COP28, especially exploitation planned by the host and developing countries that are participants. This research aims to understand Indonesia's contribution to COP28, the controversy that occurred at this conference, and the impact of the existing controversy on Indonesia as a developing country.
Analisis Kepentingan Nasional Indonesia Dan Inggris Dalam Kerja Sama Transisi Energi: Studi Kasus Program Menuju Transisi Energi Rendah Karbon Indonesia (MENTARI) Maruti, Ayu; Chotimah, Hidayat Chusnul; Arisanto, Puguh Toko
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.7.2.105-137.2025

Abstract

This study aims to examine the national interests of the United Kingdom and Indonesia within the MENTARI program, utilizing Axelrod and Keohane's "Shadow of the Future" dimension as an analytical framework. Authors employ qualitative methods, including interviews and document analysis, The findings indicate a shared recognition by both nations that the global energy landscape will be predominantly shaped by renewable sources. Therefore, both countries established a partnership to speed up the energy transition and reduce their dependence on environmentally harmful fossil fuels, a major driver of climate change. The analysis reveals that the UK's interests align with its obligation as a developed country under the Paris Agreement to provide climate finance, coupled with its strategic ambition to secure a market share in Indonesia's renewable energy sector to bolster its position as a global leader in the field. Conversely, Indonesia's primary interest lies in attracting foreign investment to catalyse its domestic renewable energy development and accelerate its national energy transition process.
Coorperation between Indonesia and Cambodia in Combating Human Trafficking M. Auri, saskiya_prambandari; Bambang W. Nugroho
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.7.2.138-155.2025

Abstract

Human trafficking (TPPO) against Indonesia citizens (WNI) in Cambodia has increased significantly between 2021 and 2023. One of the main factors driving this high number of cases is the prevalence of job vacancy scams targeting Indonesian job seekers with the lure of high salaries and atrractive working conditions. This study analyzes the implementation of bilateral coorperation between Indonesia and Cambodia in handling TPPO through three key aspects: intelligence exchange, lawa enforcement capacity building, and retriation mechanisms. The method used is a qualitative approach through document analysis, including the 2022 Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), ASEAN-ACT reports, and IOM data. The results of the study show that despite improved coordination and success in several cases, disparities in law enforcement capacity between countries remain a major obstacle. Recommendations include policy harmonization, joint training, and strengthening multistakeholder coordination mechanisms to maximize the effectiviness of bilateral cooperation.
Tantangan Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Sektor Agrikultur di Indonesia dalam Akselerasi Ekonomi di Pasar ASEAN Mutiara Aisyah, Sari; Ufairah, Ufairah; Aslamiah Supli, Nur
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.6.2.1-41.2025

Abstract

Abstract The ASEAN regional market offers numerous opportunities for Indonesian industries to achieve their economic interests due to its geo-economic position. The development of Special Economic Zones (KEK) is one strategy to facilitate access to the ASEAN market, aimed at accelerating economic growth. In this context, the development of Special Economic Zones (KEK) in the agricultural sector is a potential commodity sector that Indonesia possesses. However, there have been many cases of failure and suspension of KEK due to management that has not yet successfully optimized its benefits. Therefore, the urgency of this research lies in analyzing the challenges of developing KEK in the agricultural sector to identify the factors that hinder development and access to the ASEAN market. This study uses three main dimensions by Zeng to describe KEK challenges: the mushroom approach, environmental degradation, and the imbalance between industrial development and social dimensions. The data collection method in this study involves a literature review and utilizes data from the Sei Mangkei and Arun Lhokseumawe KEK due to their relevance as agricultural KEK located in the most strategic areas to access the ASEAN market, Sumatra Island. The findings highlight the lack of structural communication between the government and authorities, inadequate industrial waste management, and the disparity in development between the industrial sector and social dimensions. The research concludes with several recommendations for future policies.
Peran Kantor Dagang dan Ekonomi Indonesia (KDEI) Taipei dalam Penyelesaian Masalah Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) Sektor Informal di Taiwan Tahun 2022-2023 Aini, Saffana Qurratul; Kasanusi; Iskandar, Winda Nurlaily Rafikalia
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.8.1.1-31.2026

Abstract

This research specifically focuses on the role of the Indonesian Economic and Trade Office (IETO) in Taipei in addressing issues faced by Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) in Taiwan's informal sector—a subject not yet deeply explored in prior research, despite the fact that this group often encounters more complex challenges. The study aims to analyze IETO Taipei’s role in resolving the problems faced by informal-sector migrant workers in Taiwan during the 2022–2023 period, utilizing soft power theory and a humanitarian diplomacy approach. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, incorporating life history analysis and a case study approach. Data collection relied on secondary sources, including the official websites of IETO Taipei and the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI), as well as relevant official documents and scholarly journals. The findings indicate that IETO Taipei plays a strategic role in resolving issues affecting informal-sector migrant workers through negotiation, coordination, and advocacy grounded in soft power and humanitarian diplomacy.
De-Westernization and Indonesia's Hedging Strategy in the Global South Forum: Constructivist and Neorealist Perspectives Rafiqi, Fathan; maksum, Ali
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.8.1.32-70.2026

Abstract

This article critically examines Indonesia’s hedging strategy amid the ongoing transformation of the global order, focusing particularly on its engagement with Global South platforms such as BRICS+, the Non-Aligned Movement, and South-South cooperation forums. Adopting an integrated theoretical approach that combines constructivist and neorealist perspectives, the study investigates how Indonesia simultaneously projects a postcolonial, pluralist identity while engaging in pragmatic alignments with both Western and non-Western powers. The research employs critical discourse analysis to assess official diplomatic statements, policy texts, and multilateral positioning, uncovering a hybrid diplomatic strategy characterized by normative performance and structural adaptability. Indonesia’s ambidextrous behavior balancing identity-based commitments with strategic flexibility exemplifies the complex navigation of middle powers in a multipolar, post-hegemonic era. This dual logic reflects not only Indonesia’s historical legacies and normative aspirations but also its calculated efforts to buffer against systemic uncertainty and preserve foreign policy autonomy. The study offers a novel theoretical synthesis by bridging ideational and materialist analyses to explain Indonesia’s diplomatic conduct within a reconfiguring global architecture. In doing so, it contributes to broader debates on middle-power diplomacy, Global South agency, and the epistemic diversification of international relations theory, while offering empirically grounded insights into the evolving role of non-Western actors in global governance reform.
Analisis Atribut Independensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) dalam Black Sea Grain Initiative (BSGI) Tahun 2022-2023 Devanto, Muhammad Iqbal; Fatimatuzzahra, Amelia; Sang Putri, Zamharirah
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.7.2.156-189.2025

Abstract

Berlangsungnya konflik Rusia-Ukraina menyebabkan hambatan pada pasokan komoditas pangan global. Situasi ini mendorong berbagai upaya diplomatik dari negara-negara dan organisasi internasional kepada pihak yang berkonflik, namun tidak ada yang berhasil. Di tengah kebuntuan diplomatik ini, PBB justru dapat mencapai terobosan kesepakatan di antara kedua pihak melalui Black Sea Grain Initiative (BSGI) pada tahun 2022. Akan tetapi, kesepakatan BSGI hanya bertahan sampai tahun 2023 dengan penangguhan sepihak dari Rusia. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif-eksplanatif dengan studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menerapkan teori Abbott dan Snidal, yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis sejauh mana atribut independensi PBB memengaruhi keberhasilan dan keterbatasan pelaksanaan Black Sea Grain Initiative (BSGI) antara Rusia dan Ukraina pada tahun 2022–2023. Penelitian menemukan bahwa atribut independensi PBB pada kesepakatan BSGI lebih mudah diterima karena mampu mengalihkan fokus dari isu politik-militer yang sensitif ke isu kemanusiaan dan ketahanan pangan global. Skema ini berhasil menyeimbangkan kepentingan Ukraina untuk membuka blokade pelabuhan dengan kepentingan Rusia terkait akses ekspor pertanian dan pupuk. Namun, keterbatasan struktural seperti tarik-menarik kepentingan negara dan ketiadaan mandat supra-nasional absolut untuk mengintervensi kebijakan domestik yang menghambat ekspor Rusia membuat janji fasilitasi pasar bagi Rusia tidak mudah dieksekusi, yang pada akhirnya menggerus persepsi netralitas PBB dan memicu krisis kepercayaan.
Green Climate Fund (GCF) sebagai Organisasi Internasional Alternatif: Evolusi, Otonomi, dan Peran dalam Tata Kelola Iklim Global Putri, Ardila
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.8.1.71-111.2026

Abstract

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) was established in 2010 under the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in response to growing demands for a more equitable climate finance mechanism for developing countries. Beyond its role as a financing mechanism, the GCF introduces institutional innovations that challenge conventional models of international organizations through equal representation between developed and developing countries, a country-driven approach, and an explicit commitment to climate justice. This article examines how and in what sense the GCF can be understood as an alternative international organization within contemporary global climate governance. Using a qualitative literature-based approach, informed by theories of international organizations and alternative multilateralism, the article analyzes the GCF's institutional design, legitimacy, and governance arrangements. Limited comparison with conventional international organizations, including the World Bank, IMF, GEF, and UNDP, is employed as an analytical device to clarify the distinctive characteristics of the GCF rather than as the primary focus of the study. The article argues that while the GCF fulfills the formal characteristics of an international organization, it simultaneously introduces institutional innovations that reconfigure representation, participation, and decision-making within global climate governance. Nevertheless, these innovations remain constrained by donor influence, institutional dependencies, and broader structural inequalities. The article concludes that the GCF represents an important institutional experiment that illustrates the ongoing transformation of international organizations in a post-hegemonic era.
RESPON INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP KRISIS KEMANUSIAAN DI SUDAN 2023-2025 R, Mutia Yirdam; Eka Nizmi, Yusnarida; Oktyari Retnaningsih , Umi
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.8.1.112-144.2026

Abstract

The thesis investigates the international response to the 2023‑2025 humanitarian crisis in Sudan, triggered by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF)–Rapid Support Forces (RSF) war and threatening the world’s worst famine. Its purpose is to reveal why Sudan, despite massive civilian suffering—over 61 000 deaths, 13 million displaced and 24,6 million facing food insecurity—receives far less attention and aid than contemporaneous crises in Gaza or Ukraine . Guided by post‑colonial theory, the study employs Said’s Orientalism and Spivak’s subaltern concepts to argue that Western narratives cast Sudan as a “failed, peripheral” state, delegitimising its plight and shaping donor priorities . World‑systems analysis further situates Sudan as a periphery exploited by core powers, reinforcing its marginalisation. Empirical findings show that humanitarian funding for Sudan met only 4 % of the US$2,7 billion need in 2024, while the same period saw 70 % coverage for Gaza and 74 % for Ukraine. The United States contributed the largest single share (US$800 million, 46 % of the plan), yet overall pledges remain below 6 % of required resources. Media analysis reveals stark disparities: British government statements cited Sudan 60 times versus 470 for Ukraine, and The New York Times published ten‑fold more articles on Gaza than Sudan in 2024. The research concludes that international humanitarian action is fragmented and driven more by geopolitical interests and constructed identities than by objective need, confirming that Sudan’s colonial legacy and subaltern status shape its limited global support .
Perubahan Iklim dan Utang Negara: Menilai dampak kerentanan lingkungan terhadap utang luar negeri Madagaskar Tsanganasy Brico, Randrianasolo
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.8.1.145-182.2026

Abstract

Madagascar is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries, facing recurrent cyclones, droughts, and floods that threaten its economic stability. This article examines why climate change contributes to the country’s rising external debt by exploring the links between environmental vulnerability, international financial mechanisms, and debt sustainability. Existing research highlights factors such as high post-disaster reconstruction costs, declining public revenues, and increased borrowing costs due to sovereign risk. However, these studies have yet to fully address how climate change structurally influences debt accumulation. Using the theory of debt accumulation, this study argues that climate-induced economic shocks weaken Madagascar’s fiscal capacity, increasing its reliance on external financing from institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. Through a qualitative analysis of secondary data, preliminary findings suggest that while climate finance aims to enhance resilience, it paradoxically reinforces financial dependence and limits economic sovereignty. This article calls for structural reforms to integrate climate risk into sovereign debt frameworks, contributing to discussions on sustainable financial strategies for climate-vulnerable nations.

Page 7 of 8 | Total Record : 71

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