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METAL : Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 25981137     EISSN : 25974483     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Automotive Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal translated as METAL: Journal of Systems in Mechanical and Thermal is a scholarly peer-reviewed journal published by Mechanical Engineering Department of Engineering Faculty at Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia. The journal focused on the mechanics and thermal aspects of the mechanical engineering area, and accepted articles are in these subjects: Energy - Renewable energy - Green industry - Energy conversion Mechanical System Engineering - Solid body mechanics - Machine construction - Vibration and control - Mechatronics - Tribology Production System Manufacturing engineering - Product design and development - Production technology - Production logistics and transportation Materials Engineering - Material technology - Nanotechnology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Mesin
Articles 153 Documents
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The Manufacturing Process of Aluminum Hammer Molding using CNC 3 Axis for Waste Plastic in the Injection Molding Machine Hendra H; Reski Septiana; Dio Restu Putra Ardhika; Hernadewita; Rahmayetty; Rispandi; Hermiyetti; Gusri Akhyar
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal (METAL)
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/metal.9.2.139-145.2025

Abstract

A process called injection molding involves cooling molten plastic after it has been injected into a mold to create a finished product. Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PETE), two basic ingredients used in plastic, are melted into a liquid and then injected into a mold. tests pertaining to the geometry of the molded product's shape and the mold's resistance at 150 °C. The mold material used in this study is aluminum 6061, and the techniques used are modeling and experimentation. The 6061-aluminum material has good temperature resistance and yields dimensional results, thickness, and shape that are almost identical to the design developed based on geometry features, which makes it suitable for use in the plastic injection process, according to the test findings.
Optimizing R&D to Enhance Local Content (TKDN) in Electric Motor Components for National Industry Independence pudimirama herman; Hendra; Hamdan Akbar Notonegoro; Reski Septiana; Rispandi
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal (METAL)
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/metal.9.2.158-165.2025

Abstract

The electric motor industry in Indonesia is a strategic sector that plays a vital role in supporting national economic development. However, challenges in improving competitiveness—particularly regarding the use of local components—remain a major obstacle. Therefore, strengthening the Domestic Component Level (TKDN) is essential as an effort to increase industrial self-reliance, strengthen the local economy, and reduce dependence on imports [1].This study aims to calculate and analyze the TKDN component level of electric motor products and evaluate its impact on the development of local industries and national economic growth. Furthermore, the study seeks to provide strategic recommendations for sustainably increasing TKDN in the future. The research methods include literature review, regulatory analysis, and the collection and analysis of primary data from relevant industry stakeholders. This research adopts a case study approach focused on the automotive sector, with emphasis on actual conditions in Indonesia, referring to Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024. The expected outcomes include: (1) a documented TKDN component level calculation, and (2) policy recommendations for enhancing TKDN that support the development of local technology. It is expected that the results of this study will encourage national industrial independence, expand employment opportunities, and enhance the global competitiveness of locally produced goods.
Bolted Joint Loosening Analysis Due to Structural Vibrations using Short-Time Fourier Transform and Wavelet Transform Rahmatsyah Maksum Ramsi; Meifal Rusli; Feblil Huda
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal (METAL)
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/metal.9.2.130-138.2025

Abstract

This research investigates the influence of bolt loosening on the dynamic behavior of a steel beam structure under continuous vibration excitation for 30 minutes. Bolted joints play a critical role in maintaining structural integrity; however, loosening caused by vibration remains one of the most common failure mechanisms in mechanical structures. To capture the effect of bolt loosening, acceleration responses were analyzed using time-domain inspection, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). The experimental setup involved controlled vibration excitation applied to a steel beam with bolted connections, and response signals were recorded at different stages of loosening progression. The time-domain analysis showed a gradual reduction in acceleration amplitude as bolt tightness decreased, indicating energy dissipation and stiffness loss. FFT provided an overview of frequency content but lacked sensitivity to localized variations. STFT and CWT enabled a more detailed examination of the time-frequency domain, revealing a loss of high-frequency components and significant redistribution of energy patterns during the loosening process. Both methods successfully identified shifts in natural frequencies and variations in response amplitude. Especially, CWT exhibited superior resolution in detecting early-stage loosening compared to STFT, making it more effective for practical monitoring applications. These results highlight the potential of time-frequency analysis as a diagnostic tool for vibration-based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems. Early detection of bolt loosening through non-destructive vibration analysis can improve safety, reduce maintenance costs, and extend the service life of mechanical structures.
A Numerical Study on the Effectiveness of U-Shaped Steel Metallic Dampers Applied to Braced Building Structures under Dynamic Loading Efrizal; Eka Satria; Irsal Oktofirnof; M. Raffi Akbar; Lovely Son; Dendi Adi Saputra; Mulyadi Bur
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): METAL : Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/metal.10.1.8-15.2026

Abstract

The increasing demand for seismic-resilient structures has encouraged the development of advanced energy dissipation devices capable of reducing structural damage under strong ground motions. Among various passive control systems, metallic dampers have gained significant attention due to their stable hysteretic behavior, high energy dissipation capacity, and simplicity of installation. This study investigates the seismic performance of a building structure equipped with U-shaped steel metallic dampers installed within a chevron bracing system. The research is conducted through two complementary analytical stages. First, a detailed nonlinear finite element analysis is performed to evaluate the cyclic behavior of the U-shaped damper, accounting for both material and geometric nonlinearities. The resulting hysteresis curves are used to determine the elastic stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the damper. In the second stage, the obtained mechanical properties are implemented into a dynamic numerical model of a multi-story building, where the damper is represented as spring element connecting the bracing system to the main structural frame. Linear time-history analyses are then conducted under earthquake ground motions to assess the dynamic response of the structure. The seismic performance of the damped structure is compared with that of an identical structure without metallic dampers in term of dynamic response. The results demonstrate that the proposed U-shaped metallic damper significantly enhances seismic performance by reducing structural demands and concentrating inelastic deformations within replaceable energy-dissipating components
Effectiveness of Roof Structures as Dynamic Vibration Dampers in Buildings under Dynamic Loading Zeki Midi; Eka Satria; Irsal Oktofirnof; M. Raffi Akbar; Lovely Son; Mulyadi Bur
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): METAL : Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/metal.10.1.78-87.2026

Abstract

Buildings located in earthquake-prone regions are vulnerable to dynamic responses that may cause severe structural damage if not effectively controlled. One emerging approach for seismic response mitigation is the utilization of roof structures as dynamic damping systems. By appropriately tuning the mass, stiffness, and damping characteristics, roof structures can function as dynamic vibration absorbers through interaction with the main structural system. This study evaluates the effectiveness of roof structures acting as dynamic dampers in reducing the seismic responses of buildings. The research is conducted in two stages. The first stage involves a static analysis of U-shaped metallic dampers using the finite element method to determine stiffness and energy dissipation characteristics based on hysteresis curves obtained from cyclic loading. The second stage consists of a dynamic analysis in which the building structure and roof are modeled as a two-dimensional frame system, with metallic dampers installed between the building and the roof. Damper parameters are adopted from the static analysis results, while the roof mass is analytically determined to ensure its effectiveness as a dynamic damper. Dynamic analyses under earthquake excitation are performed to evaluate the reduction in structural displacement. The results indicate that roof-based damping systems can significantly reduce peak dynamic responses, particularly roof displacement and inter-story drift, demonstrating their potential to enhance the seismic performance of buildings in earthquake-prone regions
Innovation of a Shallot Peeling Machine Based on Appropriate Local Resource Technology to Improve the Production Efficiency of Household Industries Abdul Salam; Nurhidayanti
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): METAL : Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/metal.10.1.28-35.2026

Abstract

Household industries engaged in shallot processing in Kapasa Raya, Makassar, face productivity constraints due to manual peeling methods that are time-consuming and labour-intensive. To address these challenges, an appropriate technology innovation was introduced through the design and implementation of a shallot peeling machine that is simple, ergonomic, and tailored to local needs. The research involved several stages, including field surveys, design using Fusion 360 software, fabrication, assembly, and performance testing. The test results indicated that the optimal parameter combination machine rotation speed of 112 rpm, a capacity of 2.5 kg, and peeling duration of 2 minutes with hot water soaking, was able to achieve an efficiency of up to 37.5 kg/hour. This innovation not only accelerates the peeling process and reduces operator fatigue but also maintains the visual quality of the shallots, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of MSME products. The adoption of this machine has proven to provide significant technical as well as socio-economic impacts for small-scale business operators.
Design and Testing of Twin-Disk Friction Torque Test Rig Using Quality Function Deployment and Function Analysis Methods Approach Dedison Gasni; Roihan Ashari; Hendri Yanda; Nabil Hendardi
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): METAL : Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/metal.10.1.16-27.2026

Abstract

Fatigue failure is the most common failure in gears besides failure due to friction and wear on the surface of the gear. To determine the failure phenomenon that occurs in gears, testing can be done on the gear, but the testing will be expensive. So it is necessary to test on a laboratory scale to understand the failure mechanism of gears by designing and making a twin-disk friction torque test rig. The design process used an approach model developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to maximize user desires with the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method approach and to be able to meet technical needs with the Function Analysis Methods (FAM) approach. The results of the design that has been done provide the design of a twin-disk friction torque test rig that has met user needs and, from the test results of the test rig's performance, has met the expected functional requirements as a test tool. From the results of tests that have been carried out on changes in load and slip ratio, the friction torque will increase with increasing load and slip ratio. While the friction coefficient will decrease with increasing load, and vice versa, with increasing slip ratio, the friction coefficient will increase. The data generated from the measurements are consistent, so the test rig can be used to measure friction torque.
Optimization of Starch Adhesive in Bagasse Charcoal Briquettes Harmiansyah
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): METAL : Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/metal.10.1.36-42.2026

Abstract

The limitations of fossil energy are driving the development of the SDGs as the population and energy needs grow. Briquettes made from agricultural waste, especially bagasse, are a potential solution as an alternative energy source that is renewable, environmentally friendly, and can reduce dependence on fossil fuels while utilizing abundant sugar industry waste. This study aims to analyze the quality of bagasse waste briquettes with variations in the addition of starch flour as an adhesive with formulations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). The manufacturing process includes a press method using a pressurized hydraulic machine to produce briquettes with SNI (01-6235-2000) quality standards. The quality parameters tested include density, moisture content, combustion rate, and drop test. The test results showed significant variation in characteristics between treatments. The SU3 treatment showed the highest density (0.7389 g/cm³) with the highest residual combustion ash (12.47%). The SU4 treatment showed the best physical characteristics with a drop test value of 99.11% and the lowest moisture content (20.98%). In addition, the SU4 treatment also has the second lowest combustion rate with a value of 0.084 gr/min, and the lowest combustion residue (1.7 gr). These findings indicate that the SU4 formulation produces briquettes with the best combination of physical characteristics and combustion efficiency.
Development of Control System for TU-2A CNC Machine Ariawan Bayu Wicaksono; Lewi; Muh. Abdillah; Nurhidayanti; Ishak
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): METAL : Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/metal.10.1.43-54.2026

Abstract

This study aims to design and develop an electronic control system for the TU-2A CNC machine to improve its performance, simplify the programming process, and facilitate machine maintenance and repair procedures. The method used is retrofitting the EMCO TU-2A CNC machine by replacing the old electronic components with more modern and affordable components, without compromising the machine's precision. Calibration is carried out to ensure the accuracy of the machine's movement, while machine testing is conducted by machining workpieces made of teflon (PTFE) and aluminum. The results of the study indicate that after the development and maintenance, the CNC TU-2A machine showed improvements in precision and ease of use. The machine's error remains within the tolerance limit, approximately 0.01 to 0.02 mm, indicating that the calibration was successful. The conclusion of this study is that the development of the new electronic control system has made the CNC TU-2A machine more efficient and easier to maintain, making it more suitable for use in vocational education.
Analysis of the Effects of Laser Cutting Process Parameters on the Kerf Width of Plywood Using the Taguchi Method ikhsan Muhammad Ikhsan; Alang Sunding
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): METAL : Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/metal.10.1.63-69.2026

Abstract

Laser cutting is widely used in the manufacturing industry due to its ability to produce high-precision cuts. However, the quality of the cutting results is strongly influenced by the process parameters applied. This study aims to analyze the effects of laser cutting process parameters on the kerf width of plywood material and to determine the optimal parameter conditions using the Taguchi method and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The investigated parameters include material thickness (1, 2, and 3 mm), cutting speed (30, 40, and 50 mm/s), and laser current (20, 30, and 40 A). The experimental design was developed using a Taguchi orthogonal array, while the quality characteristic employed was the smaller-is-better criterion. The analysis results indicate that material thickness is the most influential factor affecting kerf width, with a contribution of 94.99%. Cutting speed and laser current exhibit smaller effects and are not statistically significant. The optimal conditions for minimizing kerf width are obtained at a material thickness of 3 mm, a cutting speed of 50 mm/s, and a laser current of 20 A. The ANOVA results confirm the consistency of the Taguchi analysis, leading to the conclusion that controlling process parameters—particularly material thickness—plays a crucial role in improving the precision and quality of laser cutting results on plywood materials.

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