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International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
ISSN : 28286235     EISSN : 28286235     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
The mission of the International Journal of Literature and Language Studies (IJLLS) is to provide readers with the development of language studies in linguistics and literature. In addition to manuscripts that center on the study, we welcome manuscripts on a wide range of topics relating to the technology used for language development, cultural impact on languages, computational linguistics, and philosophy of language. IJLLS publishes scholarly conceptual, theoretical, and empirical manuscripts on the study of language and focused on literature and linguistic analysis and development. Submissions to the journal should be readable and understandable by a wide audience. Manuscripts should therefore also focus on analysis or illustration of the issues covered, rather than merely providing a mathematical or technical coverage, which would be more suitable for a specialist journal. All manuscripts are submitted and reviewed electronically. We provide our published authors with both a quality publication and the widespread readership that comes from publishing all manuscripts online within a few weeks of acceptance. This approach ensures that published works are read and cited by the widest possible audience.
Articles 667 Documents
EFFECTS OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION ON SOIL MICROORGANISMS AND BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES Davis.R.P.
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
Publisher : International Journal of Literature and Language Studies

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Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem that affects soil fertility and microbial activity. Soil microorganisms play a key role in nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and ecosystem stability. This study examines the effects of heavy metals on soil microbial communities and biochemical processes. The findings indicate that cadmium, lead, mercury, and chromium reduce microbial biomass, inhibit enzyme activity, and disturb nitrogen and carbon cycles.
USING INTERACTIVE METHODS IN UZBEK LANGUAGE HISTORY LESSONS Tojiyeva Muxlisa Samidin qizi
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
Publisher : International Journal of Literature and Language Studies

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This paper explores the application of interactive teaching methods in Uzbek language history lessons. The history of the Uzbek language is a rich and complex subject, covering centuries of linguistic evolution, cultural influences, and political changes. However, traditional lecturebased approaches often fail to engage students or help them grasp the dynamic nature of language development. Interactive methods – such as roleplaying historical linguistic scenarios, projectbased learning, group discussions, digital timeline creation, and comparative text analysis – offer a more effective way to bring the subject to life. Drawing on classroom observations and pedagogical research, the study demonstrates that interactive techniques significantly increase student motivation, deepen understanding, and develop critical thinking skills. The paper provides practical examples of how these methods can be integrated into the Uzbek language history curriculum and discusses the challenges of implementation, including large class sizes and limited resources. Recommendations are offered for educators, curriculum designers, and teacher trainers.
DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE THROUGH THE “SITUATION–COMMUNICATION–REFLECTION” MODEL Rustamova Feruzabonu Ilkhomovna
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
Publisher : International Journal of Literature and Language Studies

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Pragmatic competence has become one of the most essential components of communicative competence in contemporary foreign language education. While grammatical accuracy and vocabulary knowledge remain important, successful communication increasingly depends on learners’ ability to use language appropriately according to context, social relationships, cultural norms, and communicative intentions. Many university students demonstrate sufficient linguistic competence but experience difficulties in selecting suitable expressions, interpreting implicit meanings, maintaining politeness, and responding appropriately in real-life interactions. Therefore, innovative pedagogical approaches are required to bridge the gap between linguistic knowledge and practical communication. The “Situation–Communication–Reflection” model offers an effective framework for developing pragmatic competence by integrating authentic situations, interactive communication, and critical reflection. This model encourages students to engage actively in contextualized language use, analyze communicative outcomes, and develop awareness of sociocultural and pragmatic aspects of language. The present article examines the theoretical foundations of pragmatic competence, explores the structure and pedagogical significance of the “Situation–Communication–Reflection” model, and discusses its role in enhancing students’ communicative effectiveness in higher education environments.
EXPRESSION OF NATIONAL VALUES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK WEDDING CEREMONY DISCOURSE Umurova Khushvakht Hakimovna
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
Publisher : International Journal of Literature and Language Studies

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Wedding ceremonies represent one of the most important cultural institutions through which societies preserve, transmit, and reinforce their national values. The discourse surrounding wedding ceremonies reflects not only linguistic traditions but also social norms, cultural beliefs, historical experiences, and collective identities. In both English-speaking and Uzbek societies, wedding discourse functions as a communicative medium through which concepts such as family, respect, love, responsibility, social solidarity, and cultural continuity are expressed and maintained. Despite the influence of globalization and modernization, wedding ceremonies continue to preserve many traditional elements that embody national values. This study explores the expression of national values in English and Uzbek wedding ceremony discourse through a comparative linguistic and cultural analysis. The research examines verbal rituals, ceremonial speeches, blessings, congratulatory expressions, symbolic language, and communicative practices associated with weddings. The findings reveal that while both cultures emphasize family unity, commitment, and social harmony, significant differences exist in the ways these values are linguistically and pragmatically represented. Uzbek wedding discourse demonstrates a stronger collectivist orientation, whereas English wedding discourse reflects a greater emphasis on individual choice and personal happiness.
ON THE ATTITUDE OF FOREIGN LITERARY SCHOLARS TO THE HERITAGE OF JADID LITERATURE Usmonov G’iyosiddin Murotjonovich
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
Publisher : International Journal of Literature and Language Studies

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This article discusses the attitude of foreign scholars to the representatives of 20th-century literature, particularly the heritage of Jadid literature, and the translation of our writers' works by them into English, German, French, and a number of other foreign languages.
PLURILINGUAL COMPETENCE AS A KEY SKILL FOR THE 21ST CENTURY Zebuniso Isanova; Samarat Mambetajieva
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
Publisher : International Journal of Literature and Language Studies

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Abstract: The rapid globalization of economic, social, and technological processes has increased the importance of linguistic and cultural diversity in modern societies. In this context, plurilingual competence has emerged as a crucial skill for the 21st century. It enables individuals to use multiple languages flexibly and effectively while navigating diverse cultural environments. This article examines the concept of plurilingual competence, its significance in contemporary education and society, and the benefits and challenges associated with its development. The study argues that fostering plurilingual competence contributes to lifelong learning, intercultural understanding, employability, and active participation in a globalized world.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE JADIDIST MOVEMENT IN BUKHARA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY Safarova Gulzoda Ismailovna
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
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Abstract. This article analyzes the formation of the Jadidist movement in the Bukhara Emirate at the beginning of the 20th century and its reform activities in the field of education. The article examines the role of the leading representatives of the movement - Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy, Abdurauf Fitrat, Sadriddin Ayniy and others - in organizing Jadid schools, creating textbooks and awakening national consciousness. Based on scientific sources, archival documents and modern research, it is proven that the reforms of the Jadidist movement in the field of education were an important factor in the modernization of Bukhara society.
THE COGNITIVE BENEFITS OF BILINGUALISM Isanova Zebuniso Shavkatovna
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
Publisher : International Journal of Literature and Language Studies

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Bilingualism has become increasingly common in today’s interconnected world. The ability to use two languages proficiently offers numerous advantages beyond communication. This article examines the cognitive benefits of bilingualism, focusing on its impact on executive functions, memory, attention, problem-solving abilities, and cognitive flexibility. Research findings indicate that bilingual individuals often demonstrate enhanced mental abilities compared to monolinguals. The study highlights the significance of bilingualism in education and cognitive development and emphasizes its role in promoting lifelong brain health.
OPERATIONALISING MEDIEVAL LEXICOGRAPHY AND FOLK LINGUISTICS: A PROVENANCE-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SEMANTIC OPPOSITION IN ARABIC Sirojiddin Sotvoldiev
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
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Abstract. The study investigates semantic opposition in Arabic through an integrated framework that combines medieval lexicographical traditions with contemporary folk-linguistic approaches. Classical Arabic scholarship, particularly the lexicographical methodology of Ibn Duraid in Jamharat al-Lugha, provides a rich account of semantic contradiction and oppositional relations among lexical items. At the same time, modern folk-linguistic research demonstrates that speakers’ beliefs, cultural practices, and evaluative judgments significantly influence semantic interpretation. Despite the importance of both traditions, little attention has been paid to developing a unified methodological framework capable of integrating historical lexicographical procedures with contemporary corpus evidence and ethnographic data. This study proposes a provenance-based annotation model that operationalises Ibn Duraid’s analytical procedures and incorporates folk-linguistic metadata to distinguish lexical antonymy, pragmatic exclusion, and culturally mediated opposition. The proposed framework demonstrates how historical linguistic knowledge can be transformed into a reproducible analytical tool suitable for corpus-based semantic research and language documentation.
COGNITIVE AND CULTURAL SPECIFICITY OF METAPHORS IN ENGLISH AND CHINESE LITERARY DISCOURSE Nigere Hamiti
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
Publisher : International Journal of Literature and Language Studies

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Abstract. The article examines the cognitive and cultural characteristics of metaphors in English and Chinese literary discourse. Drawing upon Cognitive Metaphor Theory developed by Lakoff and Johnson, the study investigates how metaphorical representations reflect both universal cognitive mechanisms and culture-specific conceptual models. The research analyzes metaphorical expressions selected from English and Chinese literary texts and classifies them according to their cognitive and semantic functions. Particular attention is devoted to ontological, orientational, structural, emotional, symbolic, and anthropomorphic metaphors. The findings demonstrate that while many metaphorical patterns are grounded in shared human experience, their literary realization and symbolic interpretation are significantly influenced by cultural traditions, philosophical beliefs, and national worldviews. English literary metaphors frequently reflect individualistic perspectives shaped by Christian and Humanistic traditions, whereas Chinese literary metaphors reveal concepts of harmony, balance, and interconnectedness associated with Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist philosophies. The study contributes to contemporary research in cognitive linguistics, literary stylistics, and intercultural communication by highlighting the relationship between metaphor, cognition, and culture.

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