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Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27770664     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry adalah Jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Departemen Kimia, Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Jurnal ini terbit 2 kali dalam setahun pada bulan Mei dan November. Jurnal Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry mempubliksikankan hasil penelitian dan telaah (review) bidang Kimia Organik, Kimia Anorganik, Kimia Fisik, Biokimia dan Kimia Analitik yang mendukung greenchemistry dan kesehatan.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia
Articles 68 Documents
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Study of MnO₂/Ni-MCM-41 Catalyst for CO Oxidation in Motorcycle Exhaust Emissions Alvin Romadhoni Putra Hidayat; Alvin Rahmad Widyanto; Ratna Ediati; Hafildatur Rosyidah; Romario Abdullah
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Issue 1 tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gjec.2026.31910

Abstract

Incomplete combustion in vehicles produces hazardous gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), which is harmful to human health. This study aimed to synthesize MnO₂/Ni-MCM-41 as a catalyst for CO oxidation to CO₂. MCM-41 was synthesized via a hydrothermal method, followed by Ni doping to form Ni-MCM-41 and subsequent wet impregnation to obtain MnO₂/Ni-MCM-41. The materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, and N₂ physisorption, while catalytic activity for CO oxidation was evaluated using a four-stroke motorcycle. FTIR spectra showed a band at 1633.76 cm⁻¹ attributed to –OH vibrations corresponding to Si–OH groups in MCM-41, whereas XRD patterns exhibited characteristic peaks at 2θ = 2.5° for MCM-41 and 2θ = 25° for δ-MnO₂. TEM analysis confirmed the hexagonal mesostructure of MCM-41, consistent with previous reports, while N₂ physisorption revealed a type IV isotherm, indicating a mesoporous structure. Ni incorporation decreased the specific surface area but enhanced the number of active sites. Increasing reaction time reduced CO concentration, while CO₂ concentration increased correspondingly. The optimum catalytic performance was obtained for MnO₂/Ni-MCM-41 with an impregnation time of 10 h.
Green Purification of Mitragynine from Kratom Leaves (Mitragyna speciosa) through Solvent Variation in Acid-Base Extraction Meiny Suzery; Bambang Cahyono; Saniya Almasa Taqiya; Safira Zikria
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Issue 1 tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gjec.2026.30138

Abstract

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a major natural source of mitragynine, an indole alkaloid with potentialas an alternative analgesic to opioids. However, conventional chromatographic purification methods arecostly and generate large volumes of solvent waste, making them less compatible with green chemistryprinciples. This study aimed to develop a non-chromatographic purification method using acid–base liquid–liquid extraction (ABLLE) by varying the partition solvent. Kratom leaves were extracted with ethanol andmethanol, and the alkaloids were subsequently separated through acidification, basification, and liquid–liquid partitioning using ethyl acetate and dichloromethane. Total alkaloid content (TAC) was determinedby UV–Vis spectrophotometry based on the bromocresol green (BCG) reaction, while mitragynine purity wasquantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The resultsshowed that the ethanol–dichloromethane system produced the alkaloid fraction with the highestmitragynine purity, reaching 39.09%, whereas the ethanol–ethyl acetate system yielded a purity of 27.47%.Both systems demonstrated a process efficiency of approximately 19%, with lower solvent consumption andreduced process waste compared with column chromatography. These findings indicate that acid–baseliquid–liquid extraction has the potential to serve as a simpler, scalable, and more sustainable approach formitragynine purification, thereby
Effect of CTAB Templating on Mesoporous SiO₂from Rice Husk on the Adsorption of Methylene Blue Melisa Nur Kibtiah; Rahmad Nuryanto; Yayuk Astuti
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Issue 1 tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gjec.2026.31677

Abstract

Water contamination caused by dye-containing industrial effluents remains a significantenvironmental concern, necessitating the development of efficient and sustainable treatmenttechnologies. This study investigated the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as astructure-directing agent on the meso-structural properties and adsorption performance of ricehusk-derived mesoporous SiO2 toward methylene blue (MB). Mesoporous silica was synthesizedhydrothermally using sodium silicate extracted from rice husk, both in the absence and presenceof CTAB, yielding materials denoted as MS and MS-CTAB, respectively. Structuralcharacterization revealed that CTAB-assisted synthesis significantly enhanced the texturalproperties of the material, resulting in a higher specific surface area (580.38 m2/g) compared toMS (89.63 m2/g), along with improved pore uniformity and accessibility. These structuralimprovements facilitated superior adsorption performance, with MS-CTAB achieving an MBremoval efficiency of 86.02 %, compared to 74.19 % for MS. Adsorption kinetics were betterdescribed by the pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data were more accurately fittedby the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 63.29 mg/g. Thefindings demonstrate that CTAB-assisted hydrothermal synthesis effectively improves themesostructural characteristics and adsorption efficiency of rice husk-derived SiO2, highlightingits potential as a sustainable adsorbent for dye removal from aqueous media.
Comparative Study of Physical and Chemical Activation of Coal Fly Ash as Potential Adsorbent Based on FTIR and XRD Analyses Wayan Gracias; Radho Al Kausar; Ermin Riskiani
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Issue 1 tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gjec.2026.31680

Abstract

Coal fly ash is a combustion residue that demonstrates potential use an affordable adsorbent. However, the adsorption capacity is still limited if no modification is made, so the activation stage is crucial. The present work investigates the differences between physical and chemical activation on changes in the structure of coal fly ash. Physical activation was carried out through a calcination process at 400 °C within 2 hours, while chemical activation was carried out through a reflux process using a 2 M HCl solution at 50 °C for 6 hours period. The samples were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The obtained results clearly exhibit that physical activation did not cause significant structural changes. In contrast, chemical activation induces partial dealumination in the aluminosilicate framework, which is characterized by a shift in the silanol (Si–O) band from 995 cm⁻¹ to 1057 cm⁻¹ in the FTIR spectrum, as well as a decrease in mullite intensity and an increase in quartz dominance based on the XRD diffractogram as indicated by the proportion of quartz relative intensity to mullite from 1,000 in CFA to 1,099 and 1,505 respectively in CFAP and CFAC. These changes result in a more silica-rich surface with a higher density of silanol groups, thereby increasing the number of active sites for the adsorption process.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Indonesian Medicinal Plants: Antibacterial and Biomedical Applications Fitra Adi Prayogo; Mellyaning Oktaviani Sonya Kirana Sari; Muhammad Badrul Huda
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Issue 1 tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gjec.2026.31967

Abstract

Objectives. Antimicrobial resistance is among the most pressing global health threats, and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from plant extracts offers a low-cost, low-toxicity route to new antibacterial agents. This review consolidates and critically evaluates the evidence on AgNPs synthesised from Indonesian medicinal plants, covering their biochemistry, antibacterial performance, biomedical applications, and environmental sustainability. Methods. A semi-systematic review was conducted following PRISMA-2020 reporting. Five international and Indonesian databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies (2015–2025) on plant-mediated AgNP synthesis characterised by at least one standard technique, with study quality appraised against a six-domain checklist. Findings. Plant-mediated AgNPs of 5–50 nm with surface plasmon resonance bands at 400–460 nm have been successfully produced from Moringa oleifera, Curcuma longa, Areca catechu, Piper betle, and several endemic Indonesian species. Antibacterial action against Gram-positive cocci (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative rods proceeds mainly through membrane disruption, Ag⁺ release, reactive-oxygen-species generation, and DNA interaction; smaller, phenolic-capped particles tend to be more potent. Plant-mediated routes also score markedly better than conventional chemical synthesis on green-chemistry metrics. Gaps. Most studies test only standard laboratory strains rather than clinical multidrug-resistant isolates; in vivo data, raw-material standardisation, and ecotoxicological testing remain scarce. Prospects. Future Indonesian work should standardise plant material, adopt harmonised antibacterial and bio-nano reporting protocols, integrate ecotoxicological screening at the bench stage, and pursue coordinated programmes that bridge laboratory synthesis and clinical translation
Dekolorisasi Elektrokimia Congo Red menggunakan Elektroda Pb–PbO₂ dan Evaluasi Perubahan COD, Sulfat, Nitrat, dan Pb Terlarut Didik Setiyo Widodo; Chantika Elda Khaliqa; Khabibi Khabibi; Retno Ariadi Lusiana
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Issue 1 tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gjec.2026.31943

Abstract

Congo red merupakan zat warna azo yang bersifat toksik, persisten, dan berpotensi karsinogenik sehingga memerlukan pengolahan sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan perairan. Pengolahan secara elektrokimia, secara khusus disebut elektrodekolorisasi, menjadi alternatif yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan untuk degradasi dan mineralisasi senyawa organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja elektroda Pb–PbO₂ dalam proses elektrodekolorisasi dan mineralisasi larutan congo red menggunakan elektrolit pendukung NaCl. Penelitian dilakukan melalui karakterisasi elektroda menggunakan SEM-EDX, penentuan panjang gelombang maksimum dan kurva kalibrasi, serta optimasi kondisi operasi meliputi potensial aplikasi, pH, dan waktu elektrolisis. Efisiensi dekolorisasi dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis, sedangkan tingkat mineralisasi dievaluasi melalui perubahan kadar ion sulfat, ion nitrat, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), kadar logam Pb, serta identifikasi kualitatif CO₂. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum dicapai pada potensial 6 V, pH 7, dan waktu elektrolisis 120 menit dengan efisiensi dekolorisasi sebesar 95,25%. Proses ini disertai peningkatan kadar ion sulfat dari 17,42 menjadi 78,31 ppm dan ion nitrat dari 1,79 menjadi 6,44 ppm, serta penurunan COD sebesar 73,43% dari 86,74 menjadi 23,05 ppm, yang menunjukkan proses mineralisasi parsial, diperkuat oleh pembentukan endapan BaCO₃ pada uji lanjutan sebagai indikasi produk CO₂. Selain itu, kadar Pb terlarut menurun sebesar 42,42% dari 0,33 menjadi 0,19 ppm, yang mengindikasikan potensi lain elektrodekolorisasi larutan zat warna dalam menurunkan kandungan logam berat terlarut. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem elektrokimia Pb–PbO₂/NaCl efektif dalam menghilangkan warna dan mendorong mineralisasi congo red, serta berpotensi sebagai teknologi alternatif untuk pengolahan limbah zat warna.
Sintesis Biomaterial Bipasik Kalsium Fosfat dengan Metode Reaksi Padatan Temperatur Tinggi Tri Windarti; Kartika Eka Prasetia
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Issue 1 tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gjec.2026.32001

Abstract

Degrasai hidoksiapatit (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) yang lambat menjadi  keterbatasan aplikasi HA sebagai biomaterial untuk implant tulang. Menggabungkan HA dengan α-trikalsium fosfat (α-TCP, α-Ca3(PO4)2) menjadi bipasik kalsium fosfat (BKF) menjadi salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan bioaktivitas HA. Pada penelitian ini BKF disintesis dengan metode reaksi padatan temperatur tinggi. Sebagai reaktan digunakan CaHPO4dan CaCO3, dimana reaksi dilakukan pada temperatur 1200°C. Pengaruh waktu pemanasan terhadap karakter produk yang meliputi jenis kalsium fosfat, kristalinitas dan ukuran bulir kristal dipelajari pada rentang waktu 4- 7 jam. Analisis produk dengan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan X-Ray Diffraktion (XRD) menunjukkan produk merupakan campuran HA dan α-TCP. Semakim lama waktu pemanasan menghasilkan HA dengan ukuran bulir kristal rata-rata yang semakin kecil dan kristalinitas yang semakin meningkat. Sebaliknya, semakim lama waktu pemanasan menghasilkan α-TCP dengan ukuran bulir kristal rata-rata yang semakin besar dan kristalinitas yang semakin menurun. Ukuran bulir kristal HA dan α-TCP, masing-masing berada pada rentang 60,331- 63,111 nm dan 39,684 - 54,777 nm, di mana ukuran tersebut kompatibel dengan ukuran HA di dalam tulang manusia.
Molecular Docking, ADMET, and Multi-Parameter Optimization (MPO) of Punicalagin-Related Compounds as ADAM17/TACE Modulators Candidate Mukhammad Asy'ari; Ariztha Delivia Putri; Parsaoran Siahaan
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Issue 1 tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gjec.2026.31706

Abstract

ADAM17/TACE is an important target in the regulation of inflammatory responses; however, the development of selective modulators remains challenging because conventional approaches generally focus on the catalytic site. Punicalagin-related compounds have been reported to possess potential as metalloprotease modulators, yet the relationship between molecular structure, binding affinity, and pharmacokinetic properties has not been comprehensively investigated. This study aimed to evaluate punicalagin-related compounds including punicalagin (PNG), punicalin (PNL), ellagic acid (ELA), gallic acid (GAA), hexahydroxydiphenic acid (HPA), shikimic acid (SKA), 3-dehydroshikimate (DHS), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (DXB), and marimastat (MRM) as a reference inhibitor through an integrated in silico approach involving molecular docking, physicochemical descriptor and drug-likeness analysis, ADMET prediction, and multi-parameter optimization (MPO). This approach also supports green chemistry principles through more efficient early-stage screening of bioactive candidates by reducing the use of reagents and preliminary biological experiments. Docking results showed that PNG and PNL exhibited high binding affinities (−8.2 to −8.8 kcal/mol), but with limitations in membrane penetration, whereas HPA, ELA, and GAA demonstrated moderate affinities with more favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. Physicochemical descriptor and ADMET analyses indicated that smaller metabolites fulfilled drug-likeness criteria and exhibited better bioavailability than larger ellagitannins. MPO evaluation highlighted HPA (0.65) and ELA (0.62) as promising initial candidates with an optimal balance between target interaction and pharmacokinetic feasibility.

Page 7 of 7 | Total Record : 68

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