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Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 24072354     EISSN : 24770612     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/psr
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Aims Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR), an international, peer-reviewed, open access, and official journal from Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, aims to disseminate research results and findings in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices. Major area of interest is natural products in drug discovery and development. We also consider other areas related to pharmaceutical sciences and practices. PSR publishes content in English language to promote the sharing of knowledge to international scholars. PSR publish 5 types of articles: 1. Original article 2. Case report 3. Case series 4. Review article 5. Mini review article Scope Researches in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices which are covered by PSR are within these subject areas: - Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Pharmaceutical Technology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Clinical Pharmacy - Pharmacology-Toxicology - Social and Administrative Pharmacy, including Pharmacoeconomy
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 8, No. 2" : 10 Documents clear
Efek Nefroprotektif Infus Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fsb.) Pada Tikus Jantan yang Diinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida Cahyaningsih, Rianti Adi; Azizahwati, Azizahwati; Kusmana, Dadang
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 8, No. 2
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Renal dysfunction can be caused by several factors, including hypertension, urinary tract obstruction, autoimmune disorders, urinary tract infection, diabetes mellitus, consumption of drugs that affect nephrotoxic and antibiotic from aminoglycoside class. Breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fsb.) is a traditional plant that hasbeen used empirically to treat kidney diseases. The research has been done to figure out the nephroprotective effect of breadfruit leaves infusion on white male rats strain Sprague-Dawley previously induced by carbon tetrachloride. There were 25 rats which were divided randomly into five groups. Group I which was the normal control group received CMC 0,5%. Group II which was the carbon tetrachloride control group was induced with carbon tetrachloride that was dissolved in the coconut oil 0,4 mL/kg bw rat. Group III, IV and V were administered doses of infusion 13,5 g/kg bw/day; 27 g/kg bw/day and 54 g/kg bw/day for 7 days. Two hours later, the animals were given carbon tetrachloride induction. At the 8th day, the blood was collected from the orbital sinus and then the rats were performed a surgery to collect the kidney. The urea and creatinine plasma level measurement has been done by colorimetric method and histology of kidney was observed. One way ANOVA (α=0,1) of the study showed that nephroprotective effect of breadfruit leaves infusion were significantly different among groups and dose of 54 g/kg bw/day has the best nephroprotective effect.
Percobaan Sintesis 4-(4-Metoksibenzilidena) 2-metiloksazol-5-on dari Asetilglisin dan 4-Metoksibenzaldehid Arrahman, Arif; Hayun, Hayun; Yanuar, Arry
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 8, No. 2
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Compound 4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyloxazole-5-one was one of oxazolone moety derivative. Oxazolones had several different pharmacological activity depend on substituent which was bonded to oxazolone ring. Oxazolones was an important precursor for synthesizing several compounds which had pharmacological activity. For that reason, experiment to synthesize 4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyloxazole-5-one from acetyl- glicine and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde as an oxazolone derivative become necessary. Com- pound 4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyloxazole-5-one was synthesized over two step of reaction. First step was reacted glycine with acetic anhydride in acidic environment yielded acetylglycine. Second step was reacted acetylglycine with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde yielded 4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyloxazole-5-one. The product, which was collected in every step, was purified by washing and recrystalization then the purification to be tested by examining melting range and thin layer chromatography. The compound was eluci- dated by using infrared spectrophotometry and 1H-NMR spectrophotometry. Synthesis of 4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyloxazole-5-one yielded rendement over 0,54%. The interpretation of infrared spectrum indicated that the compound which synthesized was different from the former compound but the interpretation of 1H-NMR spectrum indicated that the compound could not be ascertained as 4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyloxa- zole-5-one because of there were impurities.
Analisis Kandungan Ion Fluorida pada Sampel Air Tanah dan Air PAM Secara Spektrofotometri Astriningrum, Yodifta; Suryadi, Herman
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 8, No. 2
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Fluoride ion is one of the compounds that are known to have benefits in the prevention of dental caries when used in certain concentrations, but also hasnegative effects that may cause the occurrence of dental and bone fluorosis when the intake was in excessive concentration. One of the fluoride intakes comes fromwater that is consumed. The aim of this research was to identify and measurefluoride ion levels in groundwater and piped water that used as drinking water consumption in the community. Measurement of fluoride ion concentration isdone by using visible spectrophotometry at the maximum wavelength of 586 nm using the sodium 2-parasulfophenylazo 1,8-dihydroxy-naphthalene-3,6disulfonate (SPADNS)-zirconil acid reagent. This method was optimized by thesearch of range of absorption which stable for 10 minutes after reagent addition.The limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and coefficient of variation forfluoride ion were 0.0452 mg/L, 0.1506 mg/L, and 0,63%, respectively. While therecovery of fluoride ion in sample were in the range of 90,50-102,04%. The measurement results of the samples showed levels of fluoride ions in groundwaterand piped water varied between 0.05 to 0.78 mg/L. This range was still within allowed levels according the rules of Indonesian health ministers No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 where the maximum allowable fluoride concentration is 1.5mg/L.
Formulasi Sediaan Granul Mukoadhesif Kombinasi Ekstrak Kulit Batang Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) dan Kunyit (Curcuma domestica val.) Sutriyo, Sutriyo; Khairunnisya, Khairunnisya; Mun’im, Abdul
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 8, No. 2
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Neem bark (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) and turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) extracts have been found posses gastroprotective effect so that they are used in the treatment of gastric ulcer. Administration of combination of both extracts can give synergistic effect so that the administration dose can be reduced. In this research, combination of neem bark and turmeric extracts were formulated as mucoadhesive granules to improve their effectivenesses by increasing the residence time of dosage form in the stomach. Mucoadhesive granules were prepared by wet granulation method in six formulas using HPMC, Carbopol, and combination of HPMC and Carbopol as mucoadhesive polymers. Granules were evaluated for particle size distribution, swelling, mucoadhesive strength with bioadhesive in vitro test and wash off test, and dissolution. Bioadhesive in vitro test showed that all formulas have goodmucoadhesive strength.Wash off test showed that combination of HPMC and Carbopol can improve mucoadhesive strength of formulas. Mucoadhesive strength increased with the increasing of HPMC. The result of this research indicated that formula with combination ofHPMCand Carbopol (2:1) showed best mucoadhesive strength with percentage of mucoadhesion 98.67%in bioadhesive in vitro test and 38.00% in wash off test.
Uji Penghambatan Tirosinase dan Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Krim Pemutih yang Mengandung Ekstrak Kulit Batang Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Juwita, Ninin Kartika; Djajadisastra, Joshita; Azizahwati, Azizahwati
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 8, No. 2
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Abstract

The cortex of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) contains some flavonoids which have activity as tyrosinase inhibitors. This compound can inhibit the oxidation of l-tyrosine and levodopa in the mechanism of melanogenesis. The extract of jackfruit cortex formulated into creams differentiated by the extract concentration of 1,5% and 2,0%. Physical stability test was conducted with storing the creams at three different temperatures, 7 ± 2°, 27 ± 2°, and 40±2°C respectively. Centrifugal tests and cycling test was also performed on both cream. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity measurement was done by in vitro studies with measuring dopachrome. The result showed that both of formulations which stored at 40±2°C and centrifugated at 3800 rpm for 5 hours were not stable. The result of tyrosinase inhibiton activity measurement of creams containing extract of 1,5% and 2,0 % were 10,64% and 11,34%, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibition activity of creams decreased after two month stored. Tyrosinase inhibition activity of cream containing 1,5%extract decreased into 6,93%, and cream containing 2,0%extract decreased into 7,74%. The decreasing of tyrosinase inhibition activity is caused by the small amount of antioxidant is not enough to prevent oxidation of active ingredient.
Validation Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Betamethasone Dipropionate and Retinoic Acid in Cream Formulation by Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Supandi, Supandi; Mansyur, Umar; Ranie, Annisa Ananda; Ulya, Linda Mazroatul
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 2
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A simple, precise and rapid reverse phase UHPLC-PDA method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of betamethasone dipropionate (BTM) and retinoic acid (REA) in whitening cream dosage form. The mixture of betamethasone dipropionate (BTM) and retinoic acid (REA) was separated on Phenomenex Bonclone 10 C18 (150 mm x 3.9 mm) column. All separations were performed with a Dionex 3000 Photodiode Array (PDA) detector on 240 nm and 340 nm wavelength, column temperature at 40oC, and flow rate at 1.0 ml/min. The mobile phase was methanol-acetic acid 0.1% (85:15) with pH 5. The retention times of BTM and REA were found to be 1.90 and 3.70 minutes, respectively. The method showed good linearity with correlation coefficients of 0.9998 and 1.0000 over the ranges of 5-25 ppm for BTM and 25-200 ppm for REA, respectively. The method has mean recoveries in the range of 99.37% to 100.94% for all analytes. The developed method can be used in the routine analysis of BTM and REA in cream formulation, as well as for qualitative analysis in whitening cosmetic preparations or for quantitative analysis in drug preparations.
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Punica granatum Linn. Leaves on Lipid Profiles of Dyslipidemic Rat Kurniati, Neng Fisheri; Garmana, Afrillia Nuryanti; Sakinah, Lia Nurul
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 2
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It has been reported that peel of Punica granatum has antidyslipidemic activity. The aim of this research was to investigate the antidyslipidemic activity of Punica granatum leaf. The dried Punica granatum leaves were extracted with 96% ethanol. Rats were divided into several groups, which were normal, positive control, simvastatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw as reference group, and Punica granatum extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Before treatment, male Wistar rats were fed with high cholesterol chow for 3 months, and then plant extract was given for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at week 0, 12, 14, and 16 to measure the levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and triglyceride. Furthermore, at the last day of extract treatment, the aorta was isolated and haematoxylin-eosin stained. Administration of ethanol leaf extract of Punica granatum at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 2 weeks significantly reduced the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels up to 27.6% and 34.79%, respectively, compared to positive control group. After 4 weeks of extract treatment, the reduction of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level were up to 59.9% and 75.05%, respectively. There was no effect of extract on HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level. Furthermore, histological study showed that ethanol extract of P. granatum reduced aortic wall thickness significantly compared to untreated group. Punica granatum leaf is potential to be developed as an antidyslipidemic drug.
Artificial Intelligence toward Personalized Medicine Gifari, Muhammad Wildan; Samodro, Pugud; Kurniawan, Dhadhang Wahyu
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 2
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In current medical practice when a patient feels symptoms he/she would consult the doctor. The doctor then gives medication in a one-fits-all fashion. However, recent genetics studies had shown that different genetic makeup can results in different effects on medication, so the medication should be customed for every individual. The main idea of “personalized medicine” is to provide the right intervention including medication to the right patient at the right time and dose. With this approach, the medication paradigm would shift from curative to preventive. The rise of personalized medicine had been possible because the information from ever-increasing biomolecular (proteomics, genomics, and other omics) and health-related data are successfully “mined” by Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. In this paper, we proposed that AI systems toward personalized medicine must have acceptable performance, be readily interpretable by the clinical community, and be validated in a large cohort. We examined a few landmark papers with the keyword “AI for personalized medicine application”; 1) automatic image-based patient classification, 2) automatic gene-based cancer classification, and 3) automatic health-record heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patient phenotyping. All the examples are evaluated by their performance, interpretability, and clinical validity. From the analysis, we concluded that AI for personalized medicine could benefit by five factors: (1) standardization and pooling of genetics and health data, nationally and internationally, (2) the use of multi-modalities data, (3) disease specialist to guide the development of AI model, (4) investigation of AI-finding by clinical community, and (5) follow-up of AI-finding by the large clinical trial.
Insights into Molecular Interaction of Flavonoid Compounds in Citrus Peel Bound to Collagenase and Elastase Enzymes: A Computational Study Priani, Sani Ega; Fakih, Taufik Muhammad
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 2
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Citrus peels contain various phytochemical active compounds such as flavonoids that are useful for antiaging cosmetic products. This study was conducted to identify the anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities of flavonoid compounds in citrus peel and to determine the molecular interaction mechanism using the molecular docking method. The study was carried out through several stages, including preparation of enzyme macromolecules, preparation of flavonoid compound molecules, validation of molecular docking, identification of binding-free energy, visualization of interaction conformations, and predictions of molecular skin toxicity. The result showed that the flavonoid compounds in citrus peel (hesperidin, naringin, nobiletin, and tangeretin) could bind to collagenase and elastase enzymes. Naringin has the highest affinity for the collagenase enzyme with the binding-free energy of −9.52 kcal/mol, while nobiletin has the highest affinity for the elastase enzyme with the binding-free energy of −6.44 kcal/mol. Compared to EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), the flavonoid compounds have a lower affinity for the collagenase enzyme but a higher affinity for elastase enzymes. Hydrogen bonds and the hydrophobic interactions dominate the interaction between citrus peel’s flavonoids against the enzymes. When applied to the skin, flavonoid compounds are predicted to have no risk of skin toxicity. The flavonoid compounds of citrus peels are expected to have anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities.
Chemical Properties, Biological Activities and Poisoning Treatment of Novichok: A Review Rahmania, Tesia Aisyah; Wardhani, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma; Renesteen, Editha; Harahap, Yahdiana
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 2
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Novichok is an organophosphate compound found as a nerve agent chemical weapon. However, the information about its chemical properties, biological activities, and molecular interactions in the body are still protected under the “top secret” security clearance. Novichok, with the codes A230, A232 and A234, is a compound whose structure has been successfully determined. The compound is synthesized from a precursor through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Novichok agents are considered more potent than VX gas and can be applied in unitary and binary forms. This compound has ability for the binding with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) due to inability of acetylcholine metabolism. AChE catalyzes the rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine to acetate and choline. The treatment of Novichok agent poisoning is similar to management of other nerve agents, such as atropine and pralidoxime administered intravenously. In this paper, we reviewed the Novichok component from chemical and biological perspective. Moreover, we discussed the potential molecular interaction and treatment of this compound.

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