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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
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Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 18 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 14, No. 2" : 18 Documents clear
IONIC LIQUIDS: PREPARATIONS AND LIMITATIONS Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie; Abdullah, Dzulkefly Kuang
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 14, No. 2
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Ionic liquids are considered as an ideal alternative to volatile organic solvents and chemical industries in the future, because they are non-volatile. Ionic liquids are also considered as new novel chemical agents and widely regarded as a greener alternative to many commonly used solvents. Ionic liquids have been studied for a wide range of synthetic applications and have attracted considerable interest for use as electrolytes in the areas of organic synthesis, catalysis, solar cell, fuel cells, electrodeposition and supercapacitors. However, some ionic liquids suffer from more or less some drawbacks such as toxicity, preparation and high cost in the process for use. Most recently, three types of ionic liquids are attracted much attentions specifically traditional ionic liquid, protic ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent, where their preparation, mechanism and limitation were differentiated. However, those liquids are having their own advantages and limitations based on applications. Traditional ionic liquid and protic ionic liquid are highly cost and toxic for applied engineering research, but they consist of micro-biphasic systems composed of ionic compounds which have more varieties in the applications. The deep eutectic solvent is very economic for large-scale possessing but there are only limited ionic mixtures to certain application such as electrochemistry
ENKAPSULASI KETOPROFEN DENGAN KITOSAN-ALGINAT BERDASARKAN JENIS DAN RAGAM KONSENTRASI TWEEN 80 DAN SPAN 80 Sugita, Purwantiningsih; Napthaleni, Napthaleni; Kurniati, Mersi; Wukirsari, Tuti
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 14, No. 2
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Encapsulated Ketoprofen by Chitosan-Alginat based on Type and Variation of Tween 80 and Span 80 Concentration. Ketoprofen has been encapsulated by chitosan-alginate based on types of surfactant and it’s concentration. The variations of concentration either Tween 80 (polietilena sorbitanmonooleat) or Span 80 (sorbitanmonooleat) that used were around (1- 3)% concentrations with stirring around (15-60) minutes. The using of Tween 80 resulted efficiency of encapsulated ketoprofen and nano particle size (100-1000) nm are higher than Span 80.
PENINGKATAN UNJUK KERJA HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIK JERAMI PADI MENGGUNAKAN CAMPURAN SELULASE KASAR DARI Trichoderma reesei DAN Aspergillus niger Anwar, Nadiem; Widjaja, Arief; Winardi, Sugeng
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 14, No. 2
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Increasing the Performance of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Rice Straw Using Mixed Crude Cellulases from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. The objective of this work is to compare the effectiveness of mixed crude enzyme cellulase from T. reesei and A. niger with commercial enzyme from A. niger, and to investigate effect of enzyme to substrate ratio to performance of enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw. The commercial enzyme from Fluka Biochemica was used, and crude enzyme were prepared by solid fermentation with simple media. Before hydrolized, the rice straw was grinded and sieved and then heated at 85 o C with 2% sodium hydroxide for six hours. Hydrolysis was conducted in 300 mL beaker flask equipped with mechanical stirrer. Samples were analyzed by dinitrosalicylic acid method and measured by spectrophotometer. Both of commercial and mixed crude enzyme show that, the higher enzyme to substrate ratio was higher the glucose concentration obtained. However, ratio of glucose obtained to enzyme used become smaller. The mixture of crude enzyme from T. reesesi dan A. niger that produced in this work was two fold more effective to hydrolyze rice straw than using cellulase enzyme of A. niger from Fluka Biochemika
SYNTHESIS OF PbSe THIN FILM BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION USING XRD, SEM AND UV-Vis SPECTROPHOTOMETER Kassim, Anuar; Min, Ho Soon; Monohorn, Shanthi; Nagalingam, Saravanan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 14, No. 2
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Lead selenide thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition method using aqueous of lead nitrate, sodium selenate and sodium tartrate. The influence of bath temperature towards the properties of the thin films was studied. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD results confirmed the polycrystalline cubic structure of PbSe films. The intensity of major peak at 2ϴ = 25.1° which belonged to (111) plane of PbSe, increased with bath temperature from 40 to 80 °C. The SEM micrographs showed that the most homogeneous surface and larger grain sizes could be seen for the films deposited at 80 °C as compared with other bath temperatures.
DOWNSIZED CHELATING RESIN-PACKED MINICOLUMN PRECONCENTRATION FOR MULTIELEMENT DETERMINATION OF TRACE METALS BY ICP-MS Rahmi, Dwinna
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 14, No. 2
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Chelating resin-packed minicolumn preconcentration was used for multielement determination of trace metals in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The chelating resin-packed minicolumn was constructed with two syringe filters (DISMIC 13HP and Millex-LH) and an iminodiacetate chelating resin (Chelex 100, 200-400 mesh), with which trace metals in 50 mL of original seawater sample were concentrated into 0.50 mL of 2 M nitric acid, and then 100-fold preconcentration of trace metals was achieved. Then, 0.50 mL analysis solution was subjected to the multielement determination by ICP-MS equipped with a MicroMist nebulizer for micro-sampling introduction. The preconcentration and elution parameters such as the sample-loading flow rate, the amount of 1 M ammonium acetate for elimination of matrix elements and the amount of 2 M nitric acid for eluting trace metals was optimized to obtain good recoveries and analytical detection limits for trace metals. The analytical results for V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb, and U in three kinds of seawater certified reference materials (CRMs; CASS-3, NASS-4, and NASS-5) agreed well with their certified values. The observed values of rare earth elements (REEs) in the above seawater CRMs were also consistent with the reference values. Therefore, the compiled reference values for the concentrations of REEs in CASS-3, NASS-4, and NASS-5 were proposed based on the observed values and reference data for REEs in these CRMs.
TOKSISITAS AKUT DAUN Justicia gendarussa Burm Elya, Berna; Amin, Juheini; Emiyanah, Emiyanah
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 14, No. 2
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Acute Toxicity of Justicia gendarussa Burm. Leaves. Preminelary experiment showed that ethanolic extract of gandarusa leaves (Justicia gendarussa Burm.) could decreased uric acid blood level on rats. The aim of this experiment was to determine of the value LD50 and liver function based on activities of aminotransferase. Animals test which were used in this experiment were 50 males and 50 females white mice. They were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 as control group was given aquadest. Group 2-5 were treated by ethanolic extract of gandarusa leaves with dosage 4, 8, 16, and 32 g/kg bw. The LD50 value was determined by the amount of death in group during 24 hours after giving a single dose of test substance. The result showed that the highest dose was practically non toxic with LD50 value of 31.99 g/kg bw (male groups) and 27.85 g/kg bw (female groups). Measurement of aminotransferase activity was done by using colorimetric method. The result of ANOVA analysis for liver function showed that the giving test substance 4 g/kg bw –16 g/kg bw was not significantly different between treated groups and control group.
FIRST RECORD OF Cantherhines multilineatus (TANAKA, 1918) (TETRAODONTIFORMES: MONACANTHIDAE) IN INDONESIA Peristiwady, Teguh; Makatipu, Petrus; Takaendengan, K; Ahmad, Fasmi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 14, No. 2
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Two specimens of Cantherhines multilineatus were collected from Girian Fish Market, Bitung, North Sulawesi on January 7 and August 18, 2009. It was caught from depths of about 20–30 m in association with other coral reef fishes. In the world, this species is found in many scattered locations in the Western Indian Ocean, Eastern Indian Ocean, Northwest Pacific and Western Central Pacific and its distribution was reported from Taiwan and Japan. Its morphological features and diagnostic characters are discussed and illustrated
TROUBLESHOOTING IN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION OF RECOMBINANT SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME-ASSOCIATED CORONAVIRUS NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN IN Escherichia coli BL21 Yasmon, Andi; Ibrahim, Fera; Bela, Budiman
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 14, No. 2
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PURIFIKASI DAN PENCIRIAN ENZIM PROTEASE FIBRINOLITIK DARI EKSTRAK JAMUR MERANG Sajuthi, Dondin; Suparto, Irma; Yanti, Yanti; Praira, Willy
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 14, No. 2
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Purification and Characterization of Fibrinolytic Proteases from Mushroom Volvariela volvaceae Extract. Edible straw mushroom (V. volvaceae) has been known used for improvement of blood circulation due to its fibrinolytic content. The objective of the study is to purify and characterize fibrinolytic protease from straw mushroom extract. Purification were performed through several steps, i.e. precipitation using ammonium sulphate 75%, dialyzed membran (cut-off 10 kDa), and ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE Sepharose. The active fraction of DEAE-Sepharose contains two purified protein bands with molecular weight of 12.9 and 15.8 kDa. The active fraction has specific activity of 0.383 U/mg with 2.7 fold higher purification compared to its crude extract. Both crude and purified enzymes had optimum activity at temperature of 50 ºC and pH 7 in 10 minutes of incubation. Fibrin zymographic profile demonstrated that the enzyme hydrolyzed fibrin, as well as casein, indicating their potent fibrinolytic activity. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by phenilmethylsulphonyl fluoride and N-p-tosil-L-lysinchloromethyl keton. This suggested that it was a serine protease. In summary, these results showed that crude and purified protease of straw mushroom (V. volvaceae) has fibrinolytic activities that can be applied for alternative thrombolytic therapy
DETEKSI INTEGRITAS GENOMIK PISANG HASIL IRADIASI IN VITRO BERDASARKAN PENANDA MIKROSATELIT Megia, Rita; Ratna, Nina Ratna
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 14, No. 2
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Genomic Integrity Detection of In Vitro Irradiated Banana Using Microsatellite Marker. The research aims to detect genomic integrity of in vitro irradiated banana using microsatellite marker. These studies were done on banana cv. Pisang Mas irradiated by 15 Gy of gamma ray. The DNA was isolated from each accesion following Dixie. Amplification of DNA products were done by Perkin Elmer Gene Amp PCR 2400 using ten primers, and then electroforesis in agarose 1%. Finally a vertical polyacrylamide gel electroforesis was run and the products were visualized by silver staining. The result shown that among the primers tested, eight primers produced clear, discrete, and reproducible bands. Number of DNA band exhibited ranging from one to two, following the ploidy level of pisang Mas which is a diploid banana cultivar (AA). One band suggest homozygote allele while two bands showed heterozygote allele. Out of eight primers, six primers produced different allele among irradiated, in vitro, and in vivo control plant. Meanwhile, for the other two primers the allele were monomorph for all the accessions examined. Genomic modification was observed at all irradiated plants. The modification can happened at zygosity of certain allele that may change from heterozygote to homozygote or vice versa. While modification in allele size that underlying genomic instability could be caused by several genetic events such as deletion, insertion, and amplification of nucleotides.

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