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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02151936 EISSN : 26148412 DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320

Core Subject : Health,

Nursing Public Health

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan

Articles 1,519 Documents

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Peran Bidan di Desa dan Cakupan Pemberian Kapsul Vitamin A pada Ibu Nifas Vonny Khresna Dewi, Mohammad Hakimi, Agung Suhadi
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 26, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Vitamin A deficiency remains a major nutritional problem in Indonesia. Based on the survey on Vitamin A in 1992, the prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency, among others, of xerophthalmia is about 0.33. A high dose of Vitamin A supplementation for post partum mothers is considered as one solution of reducing Vitamin A deficiency. National guide recommends that 100% of post partum mothers receive one capsule of high dose of Vitamin A; however, data from Nutrition and Health surveillance System (NSS) shows that some rovinces in Indonesia still have low coverage of Vitamin A supplementation, that is, only about 15-25%. In fact, until November 2006 the coverage of Vitamin A supplementation in Tapin District, South Kalimantan, was 33.69.Objectives: To investigate the relationship between village midwifes’ role and the coverage of Vitamin A supplementation for post partum mothers.Methods: This was an observational study with cross sectional study design. Subjects were 62 village midwifes’ in Tapin District, South Kalimantan Province.Results: There was a significant relationship between village midwifes’ role and the achievement of Vitamin A supplementation for post partum mothers. This means that the good role of village midwifes would increase the achievement of Vitamin A supplementation coverage almost five times higher than the bad one. This was proven by chi-square statistical test with RP 4.55, CI 95% 1.42-14.56 and p=0,003.Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between village midwifes’ role and the achievement of Vitamin A supplementation coverage for post partum mothers, so that midwifes’ role should better be scaled up to improve maternal and child health.Keywords: Role, village midwifes, Vitamin A coverage, post partum mothers.

Determinan terhadap Timbulnya Skizofrenia pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Prof. Hb Saanin Padang Sumatera Barat Erlina Soewadi, Dibyo Pramono
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 26, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: According to the survey on mental disorder as many as 44.6 per 1000 Indonesian population in 1995 had serious mental disorder such as schizophrenia. This shows significant increase if compared to data of 1980 whereby only 1 – 2 per 1000 Indonesian population were schizophrenic. In Prof. HB. Saanin Mental Hospital Padang 2007 the number of outpatient visits at organic mental disorder polyclinic were as many as 10,812 people with 5397 people (49.9) were schizophrenic patients.Objectives: To identify factors affecting the prevalence of schizophrenia among outpatients at Prof. HB. Saanin Mental Hospital Padang Sumatera Barat.Methods: This was a case control study with patients of 17.35 years old visiting organic mental disorder polyclinic of Prof. HB. Saanin Mental Hospital Padang as population. Samples were taken using non probability sampling with fixed disease sampling technique. Data analysis used bivariable method with simple logistic statistical test; multivariable method with logistic regression statistical test to measure the relationship between psychosocial, socio cultural and socio demographic factors and the prevalence of schizophrenia. Relationship among variables was measured using OR with CI 95% and p=0.05.Results: Factors related to the incidence of schizophrenia at organic mental disorder polyclinic of Prof. HB. Saanin Mental Hospital Padang based on bivariable analysis were sex (OR=2.37 (95%CI; 1.14 – 4.96), occupation OR=4.33 (95%CI; 1.85-10.29), failure to achieve ideals OR=2.82 (95%CI; 1.38 – 5.78), family rearing pattern OR=1.71 (95%CI; 0.85 – 3.44), economic status OR=6.000 (95%CI; 2.52 – 14.60), on multivariabel analysis the most dominant factor affecting the incidence of schizophrenia were economic status OR=7,482 (95%CI; 2.852 – 19.657), p=0.000.Conclusions: There was significant effect of sex, occupational and social economic factors to the incidence of schizophrenia and non schizophrenia. Family rearing pattern was not the greatest factor that affected the prevalence of schizophrenia.Keywords: schizophrenia, psychological factors, socio cultural factors, socio demographic factors

Depressive Symptoms Pada Ibu Hamil dan Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah Hapisah Djaswadi Dasuki, Yayi Suryo
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 26, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) poses the biggest contribution toward neonatal mortality and has long- term health consequences for a child. A psychological condition with depressive disorders in pregnant women affects indirectly the risk of LBW. Previous studies show that there have been different arguments about the effect of depressive symptoms toward birth weight.Objective: To investigate the relationship between pregnant women’s depressive symptoms and low birth weight.Method: This was an observational study with an unmatched case control study design. The case was women presenting LBW, including preterm, intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR) and the control was women presenting normal birth weight (> 2.500 grams) with comparison of 1:2. Data were analyzed with univariable analysis, bivariable analysis using chi-square test and multivariable analysis using logistic regression.Results: Proportion of pregnant women’s depressive symptom was 2.8 greater in women presenting LBW than those presenting normal birth weights (>2.500 grams). Pregnant women experiencing depressive symptoms were significantly related to low birth weight (OR=2.8; CI 95%=1.1-7.2). Meanwhile, proportion of history of ANC < 4 times, history of LBW, poor family economic status and disease during pregnancy was greater in women presenting LBW than those presenting normal birth weights (> 2.500 grams).Conclusion: The proportion of pregnant women’s depressive symptoms was likely to be greater in women delivering babies with LBW than in women delivering babies with normal weight (> 2.500 grams). Pregnant women experiencing depressive symptoms were significantly related to low birth weight. Meanwhile, history of ANC < 4 times, history of LBW, poor family economic status and disease during pregnancy were significantly related to low birth weight.Keywords: depressive symptoms, pregnant women, LBW

Gambaran Skrining Keterlibatan Penggunaan Alkohol, Rokok dan Zat Adiktif pada Mahasiswa D3 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada Dyah Esti Kurniawati, Sri Warsini, Carla Raymondalexas Marchira
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 26, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: A student is one group that is vulnerable to abuse alcohol, tobacco and addictive substances. The level of risk dependence on the use of alcohol, tobacco and addictive substances vary and can be identified through screening using the ASSIST.Objectives: To determine the involvement of the picture using alcohol, tobacco and addictive substances in the Faculty of Engineering students D3 UGM.Methods: This study is a descriptive type of research uses cross-sectional design. This study population was all students D3 UGM Faculty of Engineering who never use alcohol, tobacco and addictive substances during his lifetime. Respondent of the study are 86 students of the Faculty of Engineering D3 UGM batch 2008. Data was collected using Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Test (ASSIST). Study was done in August and September 2009.Results: The type of addictive substances consumed by the majority of students D3 UGM Faculty of Engineering are other addictive substances (88.37%), cigarettes (69.77%) and alcohol (29.07) whereas that is never consumed cocaine, amphetamine type stimulants , hallucinogens and opioids. All students D3 UGM Faculty of Engineering is using these addictive substances in the last 3 months.Conclusion: The level of use of tobacco dependence risk, inhalant, cannabis, sedatives and other addictive substances (coffee or tea) at the Faculty of Engineering students D3 UGM Force in 2008 the majority of categories were, for the use of alcohol while the majority is in the low category.Keywords: screening, alcohol, cigarettes, addictive substances, students

Perbandingan Pengetahuan, Sikap , dan Perilaku Mengenai Demam Berdarah antara Kelurahan Sosromenduran dan Pringgokusuman, Kecamatan Gedongtengen, Kodia Yogyakarta Emy Febryana, Hasti Apriyanti, Migi Pradysta K., Gina Anindyajati, Aike Karunia P.P
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 26, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is currently still one of the main health problems in the Indonesian community with increasing number of patients each year. The primary preventive measure for this disease is the 3M method (Drain, Bury and Cover/Close). This program can be assessed by evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the community towards the disease. Every year, Gedongtengen District records one of the highest numbers of cases of DHF in Yogyakarta.Objective: To investigate the trend in knowledge, attitude and behavior towards DHF between Sosromenduran and Pringgokusuman Sub districts in Yogyakarta.Method: This research was a quantitative descriptive study conducted at Home Residents (Rumah Warga) 04 and 06 of Sosromenduran Sub district and Home Residents (Rumah Warga) 03 of Pringgokusuman Sub district. Thirteen respondents from Sosromenduran Sub district dan 35 from Pringgokusuman Sub district were enrolled. To obtain the primary data, questionnaires were randomly distributed to the respondents which fulfill the sampling criteria. The respondents must be a family member or the head of the family residing of each sub district, age >15 years old. The social economic status, occupation, sex and level of education are not discerned in this study. The correlation between variables was analyzed using Pearson or Spearman correlation test.Result: There is similarity in demographic characteristic between respondents of Sosromenduran and Pringgokusuman Sub districts. Knowledge with attitude of respondents have a negative correlation at Sosromenduran Sub district and positive at Pringgokusuman Sub district (r=-0,019; r=0,521). Knowledge with behavior have a negative correlation at Sosromenduran and Pringgokusuman Sub districts respectively (r= -0,139; r=-0,064). Attitude with behavior have a positive correlation at Sosromenduran and Pringgokusuman Sub districts respectively (r=0,315; r=0,05).Conclusion: The correlation between knowledge with behavior and attitude with behavior of respondents is not different from both sub districts. The correlation between knowledge with attitude of respondents is different from both sub districts.Keywords: dengue hemorrhagic fever, 3M, knowledge, attitude, behavior

Hubungan antara Pemberian Radioterapi dengan terjadinya Distress, Anxiety, dan Depresi pada Penderita Kanker Payudara Yohana Prima Ceria Anindita, Carla Raymondalexas Marchira, Yayi Suryo Prabandari
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 26, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: As the world rates of breast cancer have increased, there has been a growing awareness of psychological effect of diagnosis and treatment and its role in the outcome of chronic disorders. Radiotherapy for breast cancer is an intense and cyclic treatment associated wi th number of side-ef fects. The sociodemographic factors of age, gender, marital status, education, immigrant status, income and insurance have consistently been identified as important factors in explaining the variability in distress, anxiety, depression prevalence rates.Objective: To evaluate the effect of radiotherapy on distress, anxiety and depression among breast cancer patients based on sociodemographic factors.Methods: Screening tools for measuring distress of National Comprehensive Cancer Network and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate breast cancer patients. A descriptive study using a cross sectional design performed in Radiotherapy Division of RSUP Dr. Sardjito and breast cancer patients were asked to complete the DIC and HADS after radiotherapy. Participants were 30 patients in RSUP Dr. Sardjito.Result: Education level was the only factor found significantly to influence depression status, depression status were different based on education level (p=0.019), high education level had less depression status. A significant, moderate correlation was obtained between distress and depression scores ( r = 0.561**, p =0.001).Conclusions: There is a difference on depression status based on education level in breast cancer patients who got radiotherapy. A significant, moderate correlation was obtained between distress and depression scores.Keywords: distress, anxiety, depression, breast cancer patients, radiotherapy, screening tools for measuring distress of National Comprehensive Cancer Network, the HADS questionnaires, sociodemographic factors.

Evaluasi Program Pencegahan Gizi Buruk melalui Promosi dan Pemantauan Pertumbuhan Anak Balita Dudut Eko Juliawan, Yayi Suryo Prabandari, T. Ninuk S. Hartini
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 26, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Recently, the infant mortality rate in West Nusa Tenggara is remaining high which is 77 per 1,000 birth lives. This number is above national rates (35 per 1,000 birth lives). The maternal mortality rate is also high, which is 370 per 100,000 births, and is above national rates 307 per 100,000 births. While the literate rate is still under national rate. Degree of community health that has been worse was worsening through outbreak malnutrition in 2005. Malnutrition can be prevented through posyandu activity. Growth monitoring and promotion of children under five years old in posyandu can detect case of malnutrition early.Objective: The study was aimed to know how execution of programmed of growth monitoring and promotion of children under five years old in posyandu in Mataram municipality was undertaken.Method: This was a qualitative study. Forty eight informants participated in this study. Informants consisted of 14 mother of children under five years, 10 cadres, 5 leaders of community, 11 staff of community health centre (puskesmas), 7 members of Mataram posyandu operational working group (pokjanal posyandu) and 1 staff provincial health office. Location of the study was in Mataram municipality. Subjects were chosen purposively at three sub district that were Ampenan, Cakranegara and Mataram. Data were collected by in depth interview, focus group discussion and observation. Triangulation on methods and informants/source were used in assessing the trustworthiness of data. Data analysis was carried out through data transcript, open coding, axial coding,data presentation and making conclusion.Result: Mothers of children under five years old with low education and low income did not comprehend meaning growth of child, so they were unable to prevent malnutrition. Growth monitoring and promotion of children under five years old has not been carried out well, particulary at desk 3th (weighing measurement) and desk 4th (counseling). Cadres have not had capacity to detect malnutrition, that may caused by lack of training. Staff of puskesmas had so much work so that they did not work properly in delivering posyandu.Conclusion: Growth monitoring and promotion programmed of child under five years old has not been carried out well, low work performance of cadre and puskesmas staff and lack of supervision.Keywords: malnutrition, posyandu, growth monitoring, mother of children under five years old.

Hubungan antara Jumlah Kepesertaan Tenaga Kerja, Jumlah Kecelakaan Kerja, dan Jumlah Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja Perusahaan Kelompok Jenis Usaha III Peserta Program JKK pada PT Jamsostek Cabang Medan Gerry Silaban
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 26, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: The membership of employees in Accident Benefit Program and occupational health and safety implementation at workplace are business-owner responsibility. Business group type III as the member of Employment Accident Benefit Program when not performing accident prevention efforts will not be expected to decrease employment accident to zero and it implicates in the escalation of employment accident claims.Method: The research periods were 4 months (April – August 2006) and located at PT Jamsostek Medan branch. Survey research with correlation setting was used as research method. The research samples involves 105 enterprises from business group type III as the member of Employment Accident Benefit Program at PT Jamsostek Medan Branch, which their employees experiencing employment accident during one year (January 1st until December 31st 2005), and being reported to PT Jamsostek Medan Branch and receives employment accident benefit. The research data that consist of number of employment accident and employment accident benefit were collected from Employment Accident Report Phase I (Jamsostek Form 3) and Employment Accident Report Phase II (Jamsostek Form 3a), and number of employee membership data of Accident Benefit Program at PT Jamsostek Medan Branch. Spearman’s product moment correlation was used to analyze data.Results: There is a significant relationship (p <0.01) between number of employees membership in Employment Accident Benefit Program and number of employment accident, regression coefficient was (r) = 0.258. There is strongly significant relationship (p < 0.01) between number of employment accident and number of employment accident benefit, correlation coefficient was (r) = 0.641.Conclusion: To reduce number of employment accident and employment accident benefit, business group type III must performs the occupational health and safety in order to generate healthy and safety workplace and to comply the occupational health And safety regulation. PT Jamsostek was expected to actively participating and continued supporting the occupational health and safety implementation by enterprises as the membership of Employment Accident Benefit Program and cooperates with Local Manpower Institution which also assigned on developing and supervising the occupational health and safety implementation.Keywords: membership of employees in the Employment Accident Benefit Program, employment accident, employment accident benefit

Kemampuan Tawar Pekerja Seks Komersial dalam Penggunaan Kondom untuk Mencegah Penularan HIV/AIDS di Jalan Lintas Sumatera Kabupaten Langkat Propinsi Sumatera Utara Kenderwis Ida Yustina
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 26, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Commercial sex workers is one of high risk group in spreading of HIV/AIDS. In Langkat District, till October 2007 there were 7 cases AIDS reported from prostitutes.Objectives: The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of their predisposing factors (knowledge and attitude), enabling factors (complexity of condom, availability of condom, customer’s comfort) and reinforcing factors (family, Non-Government Organization/NGO, health workers, opinion leader) on commercial sex workers bargaining power in using condom.Methods: This was an explanatory survey which was conducted in Langkat District towards 104 commercial sex workers in 2008. Data collected by interview using questionaire; were processed by using multiple regressions.Result and Conclusion: The result of study showed that 70,2% of the commercial sex workers bargaining power in asking their customers to use condom were in bad category. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that 85,6% of the commercial sex workers bargaining power to ask their customers to use condom can be explained by the knowledge and attitude of the commercial sex workers, complexity of condom, customer’s comfort, and Non Governmental Organization.Keywords: bargaining power, commercial sex workers, condom

Pengaruh Polymorphisme PvuII Gen Reseptor Estrogen Alfa terhadap Kadar Kalsium dan Phosphat Serum pada Wanita Postmenopause Prasetyastuti Prasetyastuti
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 26, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Estrogen has an important role in bone metabolism. The hypoestrogenemia condition occurring in postmenopausal women may affect bone metabolism. The mechanism action of estrogen to prevent the activity of osteoclast in bone resorption was mediated especially by estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1). The PvuII polymorphism that occurs in ESR1 gene may alter their expression and function.Objectives: the aim of this research was to determine the difference of serum calcium and phosphate level in postmenopausal women with PvuII polymorphism of the Estrogen receptor alpha geneMethod: This was cross sectional design. The subjects are postmenopausal women 50-70 year old .Twenty seven subject divided into two group, group I consisted of 15 women with genotype PP,Pp and group II consisted of 12 with genotype pp. polymorphism were assessed by Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragmen Length Polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) technique. Determination of serum calcium and phosphate level used spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed with Independent sample t-test.Results: The serum calcium level are 8,15 ± 1,35 mg/dl and 8,13 ± 1,58 mg/dl in genotype PP,Pp and pp respectively. The serum phosphate level are 3,8 ± 0,47 mg/dl and 4,24 ± 0,86 mg/dl in genotype PP,Pp and pp respectivelyConclusion: there were no statistically significant differences in serum calcium and phosphate level among genotype PP,Pp with pp ESRI gene(p>0,05) PvuII polymorphism of ESRI gene did not influence serum calcium and phosphate level in postmenopausal women.Keywords: postmenopausal women, estrogen receptor polymorphism, serum calcium, serum phosphate

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Ika Kusumaningtyas

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