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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02151936 EISSN : 26148412 DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320

Core Subject : Health,

Nursing Public Health

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan

Articles 1,519 Documents

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Hubungan Antara Faktor-Faktor Eksternal dengan Kejadian Penyakit Tuberkulosis pada Balita Emita Ajis, Nenny Sri Mulyani, Dibyo Pramono
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 25, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) poses a health problem both in developed countries and in developing countries. It is estimated that 160 of 100.000 people present TB (+), and 15% of them are children. In Kuantan Singingi district, the eradication program of TB is carried out with DOTS strategy in accordance with WHO recommendation. However, the program is still prioritized for adult patients although under-five children are the high risk group to be infected with the disease. In the past three years there have been increased cases of the incidence of tuberculosis found in under-five children. Many factors are related to the increased incidence of TB.Objective: This study aims at investigating most dominant external factors that are related to the incidence of TB among under-five children.Method: This was an observational study with a case control study design. Samples were 218 persons consisting of 109 persons as case and 109 persons as control selected with purposive sampling. Case was taken from under-five TB patients that were diagnosed by a pediatrician and a physician in community health center while control was taken from patients presenting other diseases attending the community health center in the past 12 months. Data were gathered through interview and the measure of ventilation and the degree of humidity. The collected data were presented with frequency distribution table and were then analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses.Results: The multivariate analysis showed that variables that were related to the incidence of under-five TB were smoking with OR = 2.6372 (p=0.0026), contact history with the case of TB (+) with OR = 2.6284 (p=0.0026) and family’s socio-economic status with OR = 2.587 (p=0.0012).Conclusion: The contact history, smoking and low socio-economic status were the risk factors related to the incidence of TB among under-five children in Kuantan Singingi District so that the programs of health promotion and health and safe life behavior (PHBS) needed to be enhanced especially the hazardous danger of smoking for smokers and the program of active case finding as well as complete and holistic treatment for the patients with a free of charge system in the community health centers needed to be realized.Keywords: external factor of tuberculosis, under-five children.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ketidakpatuhan Berobat pada Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru Erni Erawatyningsih, Purwanta, Heru Subekti
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 25, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) disease is one of major public health problems which cannot be overcome yet. The problem is caused by some factors one of which is incompliance of the patient with medication. In 2005, At the health center of West Dompu drop out rate of TB patients was still relatively high (29.1%) and recovery patients TB were still relatively low (71,7%).Objective: To identify factors which affect incompliance with medication among lung TB patients at the working area of West Dompu health center, Subdistrict of Woja, District of Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara.Method: This was an analytical case study with case control design. Samples of the study were 21 patients of lung TB totally taken who failed and were dropped out from medication in 2005. Instrument this study used quesionary. Data analysis used chi square.Result: The factor most dominantly affected incompliance with medication among lung TB patients was education (OR=0.12, p<0.05); whereas factors which did not affect incompliance with medication were age, sex, quality of service, support from drug taking supervisor and distance from the house to the health center (p>0.05).Conclusion: Education, knowledge, family income, and duration of illness and drug side effects significantly affected incompliance with medication among lung TB patients and education was the most dominant factor.Keywords: lung tuberculosis, incompliance

Efektivitas Role Play, Penayangan VCD dan Modul dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Komunikasi Terapeutik Mahasiswa Stikes Jenderal Ahmad Yani Yogyakarta Riduan Zaki, Sri Werdati, Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 25, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Previous research found that 75% of one’s life was used for communication. Communication gives the meaning of life. More than half of the surgery clients was not satisfied with the preserved information. Client needs effective communication and social contact which was useful to obtained information. There was a lack of communication between nursing staff and client. Nurses communication style was focused on their duty. Their conversation tend to be short and could not exploitate client’s believe and anxiety. There was a research inhealth behavior trough education especially in therapeutic communication.Objective: This research was aimed to measure the effectiveness of role play, video compact disc (VCD) playing and module in improving therapeutic communication skill of nursing student of STIKES Jenderal Ahmad Yani Yogyakarta.Method: This was a quasi experimental research that used non-equivalent control group design with pretest-posttest. The subject of the research was nursing student of STIKES Jenderal Ahmad Yani and Surya Global Yogyakarta. The intervention group was 42 students while control group was 51 students. The sample was taken with purposive sampling. The instrument being used was questionaire, check list of observation, (VCD), module and role play scenario with a case example. The data collection was conducted by having structured interview and observation. The data was analyzed with independent t-test to measure the difference on knowledge, attitude and skill with significance level of p = 0.05 and paired t test.Result: This research showed that there was a significant influence on the therapeutic communication education toward improvement on knowledge with t = 9.463 and p = 0.000 (p < 0,05), attitude with t = 5.338 and p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), skill after education with t = 9.675 and p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), and skill after one month with t = 5.661 and p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference on the skill after education and there was no significant difference after one month with t = -2.005 and p = 0.052 (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Role play, VCD playing and module were effective in improving knowledge, attitude and skill on therapeutic communication after given education and improving skill after 1 month and yet there was a decreasing on the average of skill value after 1 month compared with after given education.Keywords: therapeutic communication, knowledge, attitude, skill, role play, video compact disc, module

Efektivitas Metode Diskusi Kelompok dengan dan Tanpa Fasilitator pada Peningkatan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Motivasi Remaja Tentang Perilaku Seks Pranikah Sri Handayani, Ova Emilia, Budi Wahyuni
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 25, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: The survey result of Indonesian Family Planning Association (PKBI) mentioned that teenagers were started to have sexual relationship when they were 13-18 years old, 60% out of them did not use the contraception, and 85% did that at their own house. This condition showed that pre marital sexual behavior in teenager was very high. Lack of education regarding reproductive health and inappropriate information could caused teenagers having free sexual behavior. This was supported the importance of reproductive health education as preventive action of pre marital sexual behavior for teenager.Objective: This research was aimed to find out group discussion method with or without facilitator that could be more effective in improving knowledge, attitude and motivation of teenager regarding pre marital sexual behavior.Method: This was a quasi experimental research that used pretest-posttest control group design. The sample was selected with purposive sampling technique based on respondent’s characteristic. In addition, the data was analysed with analysis of variance (ANOVA).Result: Knowledge, attitude and motivation of teenager regarding pre marital sexual behavior before the treatment was not significant, knowledge (p = 0,940), attitude (p = 0,357) and motivation (p = 0,260). After the treatment, there was a significant improvement on knowledge (p = 0,00), attitude (p= 0,00) and motivation (p=0,024). The result of ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference between group discussion with facilitator and group discussion without facilitator in improving teenager’s knowledge (p = 0,018) . While for improvement of attitude and motivation of teenager, there was a significant improvement between group discussion with facilitator and group discussion without facilitator with value of attitude (p= 0,734) and motivation (p= 0,647).Conclusion: Group discussion method with facilitator was more effective in improving knowledge, attitude, and motivation of teenager toward pre marital sexual behavior compare with group discussion method without facilitator.Keywords: reproductive health education, group discussion method, teenager, pre marital sexual behavior,knowledge, attitude, motivation

Pengaruh Relaksasi Otot dalam Menurunkan Skor Kecemasan T-Tmas Mahasiswa Menjelang Ujian Akhir Program di Akademi Keperawatan Notokusumo Yogyakarta Suyamto Yayi Suryo Prabandari, Carla Raymondalexas Marchira
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 25, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Anxiety is a disorders that has symptoms of heart, dizzy, wet palm and foot or emotional disorders such as discomfort feeling, difficult to concentrate, worried, exhaustness, insomnia, less appetite. This condition often occurred in students of Nursing Academy (Akper) of Notokusumo Yogyakarta when they are facing final examination. This is obtained from a preliminary research that was conducted by giving question on the condition experienced by the students of Akper Notokusumo Yogyakarta regarding their worryness in facing the examination with subject of 50 students that was held on the 5th – 8th of October 2007.Objective: This research was aimed to find out the influence of muscle relaxation in decreasing the TMAS anxiety score of students in facing their final examination.Method: This was a quasi experimental design with randomized control group pre test and post test design that was research subjects who were classified into two groups that were treatment group that was located in Akper Notokusumo with 100 students and control group that was located in Akper Karya Bhakti Husada Bantul with subjects of 50 students. Both of the groups were given pre test before given treatment, and yet, one group was given post test after treatment while the other group was given post test without treatment. The intsrument being used was Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). The analysis being used to examine the difference of treatment and control group was conducted with independet sample t test with significance level of p = 0.05.Result: The result of the research showed that there was a decreasing on anxiety from pre test to post test. In control group, there was no decreasing of anxiety from pre test to post test even there was an improvement during post test.Conclusion: Relaxation had influence in decreasing anxiety of student of Nursing Academy of Notokusumo Yogyakarta as treatment group and the result was lower during post test compared to pre test.Keywords: anxiety, relaxation, student

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Status Gizi Balita Wahyudi Wahyudi Istiono, Heni Suryadi, Muhammad Haris, Irnizarifka, Andre Damardana Tahi
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 25, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: The first two years in life are critical period in which rapid growth and development occured. Nutritional status of children under five years old is influenced by several factors, such as social, economic, cultural, health, environmental, and demographic factor. The World Health Organization reported that protein- energy malnutrition (PEM) prevalence in Indonesia was high. It was estimated that 27.5% of children under five years old were experienced from moderate malnutrition, while 8.5% of them were severely malnourished.Objective: This study is aimed to determine nutritional status of children under five years old as well as to identify the correlation between risk factors and the nutritional status on the area of Dukuh Madigondo, Sidoharjo Village, Samigaluh Subdistrict, and the District of Kulonprogo.Methods: The design of this study was observational with cross sectional study to identify 15 risk factors associated with nutritional status in children under five years old. Subjects were 48 children under five years old which assessed with research questionnaires. Correlation among variables was then analyzed using Kruskal Walis One Way Anova and Pearson Chi Square Test.Result: The nutritional status of fourty four children under five years old were good, while two of the children were below standard and the remaining two were bad in nutritional status. Pearson Chi Square analysis has showed no significant correlation between nutritional status and sickness frequency, familial characteristics, expenditure, environmental hygiene sanitation, health care access, mother act, mother behavior, along with mother knowledge factor.Conclusion: There was no significant correlation found among 15 risk factors towards nutritional status of children under five years old in Dukuh Madigondo, Sidoharjo Village, Samigaluh Subdistrict, District of Kulonprogo.Keywords: nutritional status, children under five years old, sex, sickness frequency, familial characteristics, expenditure level, environmental hygiene sanitation, health care access, mother act, mother behavior, mother knowledge

Hubungan Angka Kecelakaan Kerja dengan Tingkat Pemenuhan Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Gerry Silaban
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 25, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: The existing of opinion that enterprises registered within Employment Accident Benefit Program to reduce the employment’s accident risk will disregard the implementation of occupational health and safety (OHS). The implementation of OHS through the occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) is an obligation for enterprises as means to prevent employment accident in order to establish a comfort, health and safe workplace and contiunity of business.Method: The type research which used is survey research using cross-sectional design. Samples consist of 55 enterprises from type III of group-business which registered in Employment Accident Benefit Program at PT Jamsostek Medan Branch. Accident rate data were gathered through enterprises report on Jamsostek Form 3 Type K.K.3 (Employment Accident Report Phase I) within one year period (January 1st - December 31st, 2005). The level of compliance the implementation of OHSMS was measured by OHSMS audits which consist of 166 criteria. Regression analyzes was employed to examine relationship between accident rate and level of compliance the implementation of OHSMS.Results: Accident rate was varying among each business types ranges 87 cases as most frequent and 1 case least. Higher level of compliance the implementation of OHSMS were 127 criteria (76.51%), lowest were 6 criteria (3.61%) with average 32 criteria (19.04%). It is recognized that 2 (3.64%) enterprises were reach 60 - 84% criteria and 53 (96.36%) enterprises reach 0 - 60% criteria for compliance. Total average and percentage which actually been comply by enterprises on each criteria element from 12 auditing elements of OHSMS was mostly on 5th element (purchasing). Relationship between accident rate and level of compliance the implementation of OHSMS is significant (p < 0.05) with correlation coefficient r = - 0.236.Conclusion: Management must have solid commitment and entail every worker to implement OHSMS, and involves various relevant and qualify parties thus level of compliance the implementation of OHSMS can be improved and reducing accident rate.Keywords: registered enterprises in the employment accident benefit program, accident rate, the level of compliance the implementation of occupational health and safety management system

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pernikahan Usia Dini di Kabupaten Purworejo Jawa Tengah Rafidah Ova Emilia, Budi Wahyuni
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 25, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Early marriage is common in developing countries including Indonesia. Factors related to early marriage are, among others; education, economic, and social aspects. The impacts of early marriage are dropout and teenage pregnancy which causes rejection to pregnancy. In District of Purworejo marriage below 20 years of age is still as much as 20.6% (Community Health and Nutrition Research Laboratory 2005).Objective: The study aimed to identify factors related to early marriage.Method: This was an observational study with cross sectional design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were obtained through questionnaires and interview guide. Samples of the study were 90 married women, who were systematically chosen, respondents of longitudinal surveillance of Community Health and Nutrition Research Laboratory, 90 parents of the respondent, 1 religious leader, 2 community leaders and 1 staff of office of Religious Affairs. Hypothetical test used chi square with p<0.05, CI 95%. Multivariable analysis used logistic regression.Results: Low perception about marriage showed the most related to the decision for early marriage. Other factors related to early marriage were low level of education (RP=2.90, CI 95%=1.30–6.49, p=0.000), low familyeconomic status (RP=1.75, CI 95%=1.05 – 2.91 p=0.017). Unemployed parents (RP=1.48, CI95%=0.88-2.49 p=0.23) and parents’ low perception about marriage (RP=1.5, CI95%=0.96-2.37 p=0.05) were not strongly related with early marriage.Conclusion: Factors related to early marriage were perception of respondents about marriage, education of respondents, family economic status, and unemployed parents.Keywords: early marriage, perception about marriage, family economic status, education

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penemuan Penderita TB Paru di Kota Palu Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah Awusi RYE, Yusrizal Djam’an Saleh2, Yuwono Hadiwijoyo
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 25, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Every second Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected 1 person worldwide. Overall, one-third of the world’s population is currently infected with the TB bacillus. 5%-10% of people who are infected with TB bacilli become sick or infectious at some time during their life. Pulmonary TB is an important health problem in worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) recommended controlling TB with DOTS strategy since 1995. Focus of global TB control with DOTS strategy is case detection and cure TB patients. Case detection rate in South East Asia is low (31%-54%) of the target global of CDR (70%). For the period 2006-2007 years CDR in Palu Municipalyti is very low (34%-35%). Therefore, it is important to find factors that influence for case detection of pulmonary TB.Objectives: To identify the relationship between independent variables of knowledge, length of work, work load, incentive, training of DOTS, access, service KIE about TB and screening suspect TB with case detection of pulmonary TBMaterial and Methods: This was an analytic observational study which used a cross sectional design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Subjects of the study were providers TB program of Community Health Center in Palu Municipality. Data were descriptively analyzed (univariate) and statistically analyzed (bivariate) using chi square test and logistic regression (multivariate) at confident interval 95%.and significant level 5%.Results: Variables that have significant statistically relationship (p< 0.05) with case detection of pulmonary TB is screening suspect TB (OR=8,92; 95%CI=2,36-38,65), service KIE about TB (OR=8,85; 95%CI=2,16-36,97), training of DOTS (OR=5,84; 95%CI=1,54-26,77).Conclusion: The factors to have significant influence of case detection pulmonary TB were screening suspect TB, service CIE TB and training of DOTS. Screening suspect TB was the most influencing case detection of pulmonary TB in Palu Municipality.Keywords: case detection of Pulmonary TB, screening of TB suspect, service CIE, training of DOTS, Palu municipality

Beda Persepsi Dokter Puskesmas Integrasi dan Non Integrasi di Kabupaten Klaten terhadap Penderita Skizofrenia Anisa Renang, Carla Marchira
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 25, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Mental disorder is a health problem commonly found in the community. Studies showed that mental disorder often undetected and not well managed in primary care. Primary care doctors perception towards severe mental disorder i.e. schizophrenia will influence the management of this disorder.Objective: To identify different perception between integration and non-integration primary care doctor in Klaten regency towards schizophrenia patient.Subject and Method: Subjects were primary care doctors in Klaten Regency. The figure of sample was 48. Data was collected using perception towards schizophrenia patient instrument. Data was analyzed with Chi-Square.Result: Data collection showed 75% primary care doctors stated that schizophrenia was a disease which could be recovered, 45.8% stated they did not like to treat schizophrenia patient, 83.3% stated that schizophrenia patient needed to be supervised continuously, and 16.7% primary care doctors stated that schizophrenia patient is dangerous; therefore they needed to be isolated. Chi-square test showed different perception between integration and non-integration primary care doctor towards recovery of schizophrenia patient (x²=7.759, p=0.005), using of new antipsychotic (x²=9,966, p=0,002), supervision of schizophrenia patient continuously (x²=12.448, p=0.00), giving diagnosis of schizophrenia (x²=5.828, p=0.016) and isolation of schizophrenia patient (x²=12.448, p=0.00).Conclusion: There’s a significant difference between integration and non-integration primary care doctor towards recovery of schizophrenia patient, using of new antipsychotic, supervision of schizophrenia patient continuously, giving diagnosis of schizophrenia, and isolation of schizophrenia patient.Keywords: perception, primary care doctor, schizophrenia

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Contact Name Ika Kusumaningtyas

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Editorial Address Sekretariat Bersama Jurnal, Lt. 2 Atas Kantin IKM, FK-KMK UGM Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281

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Abstract

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Contact Name
Ika Kusumaningtyas

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tyas.kusuma@ugm.ac.id

Phone
+628988833412

Journal Mail Official
bkm.fk@ugm.ac.id

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Sekretariat Bersama Jurnal, Lt. 2 Atas Kantin IKM, FK-KMK UGM Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA