cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Heru Suwardianto
Contact Email
chakrabrahmandalentera@gmail.com
Phone
+6285733878003
Journal Mail Official
chakrabrahmandalentera@gmail.com
Editorial Address
Jl. Perdana. Kwadungan, Ngasem, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Location
Kab. kediri,
Jawa timur
INDONESIA
Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Published by Lembaga Chakra Brahmanda Lentera
ISSN : 29628245     EISSN : 29627133     DOI : 10.55018
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran (JAKK), Prefix DOI: 10.55018, e-ISSN: 2962-7133, p-ISSN: 2962-8245, diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Chakra Brahmanda Lentera adalah peer-reviewed journal yang memuat artikel-artikel ilmiah dari disiplin ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran yang diadopsi dalam berbagai aktivitas pengabdian kepada masyarakat dan penelitian terapan lainnya. Artikel-artikel yang dipublikasikan di JAKK merupakan dari hasil-hasil penelitian ilmiah asli, artikel ulasan ilmiah yang bersifat terbaru, dan aplikatif dan bermanfaat terhadap kesehatan di masyarakat. JAKK menerima manuskrip atau naskah artikel dalam bidang riset kesehatan dan kedokteran yang dapat diterapkan di masyarakat dan hilirisasi hasil penelitian ilmiah kuantitatif maupun kualitatif berbasis kesehatan dan kedokteran kedalam format pengabdian masyarakat yang mencakup bidang keilmuan yang relevan. Penerbitan Bulan Pertama di Bulan Juli dan Januari. Tujuan jurnal adalah untuk menyebarluaskan publikasi ilmiah dalam pengabian kepada masyarakat yang dapat menjadi reverensi dan bahkan dapat menjadi bagian dari pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan kesehatan dan kedokteran yang dapat diterapkan dan dirasakan langsung kepada masyarakat. Fokus jurnal ini pada rumpun keilmuan kesehatan dan kedokteran. Scope jurnal yang diterima diantaranya: Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kedokterani, Keperawatan, Kebidanan, Gizi dan Ilmu Pangan, Kesehatan Lingkungan, Farmasi dan Biomedik, Rekam Medis, Administrasi Rumah Sakit dan Kebijakan Kesehatan (ARS), Fisioterapi dan Terapi Modalitas Komplementer.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 132 Documents
 10   11   12   13   14 
Analisis Ketepatan Kodefikasi Penyakit Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Petugas Kesehatan: Analysis of Disease Coding Accuracy Based on Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge Soraya, Soraya; Adawiyah, Rabiatul; Heriyadi, M.; Cantika, Rahardina Dwi
Jurnal Abdi Keperawatan dan Kedokteran Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Chakra Brahmanda Lentera Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55018/jakk.v5i1.165

Abstract

Accurate disease coding is a crucial component of health information systems, as it plays an essential role in morbidity data compilation, healthcare service reporting, insurance claim processes, and decision-making in healthcare facilities. With the increasing demand for accurate health data, proper disease coding has become increasingly important, including at the Brimob Clinic of the South Kalimantan Regional Police, which provides healthcare services for police personnel and their families. Inaccurate diagnostic coding may lead to errors in case documentation, administrative delays, and potentially compromise the quality of health program planning and evaluation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the accuracy of disease coding and examine the role of healthcare workers’ knowledge as a determining factor. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The respondents were healthcare workers directly involved in diagnostic documentation and disease coding at the Brimob Clinic of the South Kalimantan Regional Police. The independent variable was healthcare workers’ knowledge of disease coding based on ICD-9 and ICD-10, while the dependent variable was the accuracy of disease coding. Data were collected using a standardized knowledge questionnaire and medical record document audits to assess the consistency between medical diagnoses and the assigned disease codes. The results showed that healthcare workers’ knowledge levels varied, and discrepancies between medical diagnoses and recorded disease codes were still identified. Statistical analysis using the Spearman rho test revealed a significant association between healthcare workers’ knowledge and the accuracy of disease coding, indicating that higher knowledge levels were associated with more accurate diagnostic coding. This study concludes that healthcare workers’ knowledge plays a vital role in ensuring accurate disease coding. These findings imply the need for continuous coding training and the development and implementation of clear standard operating procedures (SOPs) to improve coding accuracy. Enhancing disease coding quality is expected to support accurate medical record documentation and strengthen health program management at the Brimob Clinic of the South Kalimantan Regional Police.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Biskuit Booster Asi Dan Perawatan Payudara Untuk Meningkatkan Volume Asi Ibu Menyusui: Training on Making Breast Milk Booster Biscuits and Breast Care to Increase Breast Milk Volume in Lactating Mothers Dewiani, Kurnia; Himalaya, Dara; Suryati, Suryati; Destriyani, Sri Nengsih; Sari, Wenny Indah Purnama Eka
Jurnal Abdi Keperawatan dan Kedokteran Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Chakra Brahmanda Lentera Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55018/jakk.v5i1.138

Abstract

The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Mojo Rejo Village, Rejang Lebong Regency, is influenced by multiple factors, including limited maternal knowledge of lactation management, inadequate breast care techniques, and suboptimal nutritional intake during breastfeeding. This community service program aimed to implement research findings through an integrated training approach to increase breast milk volume and improve the success of exclusive breastfeeding. The program was conducted in the form of training sessions for breastfeeding mothers. The population included all breastfeeding mothers in Mojo Rejo Village, with a sample of 30 participants who attended and actively took part in the activities. The main variables addressed were knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding, skills in preparing breast milk booster biscuits, and skills in performing breast care. The instruments used consisted of educational materials, live demonstrations, and supporting teaching aids. The biscuit-making training utilized locally available ingredients, namely moringa leaf flour (Moringa oleifera) and tuna fish oil (Thunnus sp). The effectiveness of the program was assessed through participatory observation and skill evaluation. Data were analyzed descriptively to measure improvements in participants’ knowledge and practical skills. The evaluation results showed a 90% increase in participants’ knowledge regarding exclusive breastfeeding. In addition, there was a 70% improvement in participants’ skills in producing breast milk booster biscuits as an alternative supplementary food, and a 100% improvement in their ability to independently perform breast care practices. These findings indicate that the training successfully enhanced mothers’ capacity to optimize breast milk production. In conclusion, the integrated training program combining lactation education, breast care practice, and the preparation of locally sourced nutritional supplements was effective in improving breastfeeding mothers’ knowledge and skills. As a recommendation, similar mentoring and training models may be adopted by health workers and communities in other areas to address low breast milk production and exclusive breastfeeding coverage, while also empowering local communities through the utilization of local resources.
Kualitas Hidup Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Dengan Gangren Setelah Dilakukan Perawatan Luka Modern: Quality Of Life In Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Gangrene After Modern Wound Care Tanoto, Wahyu; Purnamasari, Vela
Jurnal Abdi Keperawatan dan Kedokteran Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Chakra Brahmanda Lentera Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55018/jakk.v5i1.148

Abstract

The quality of life will be compromised for individuals afflicted with gangrene. Gangrene is the tissue necrosis resulting from vascular obstruction or ischemia. Gangrene is treated with wound care, which consists of cleaning, treating, and sealing diabetic wounds using sterile procedures. The employed wound care technique is contemporary dressing, which utilizes the wet principle to expedite the healing process. Wound care must be conducted consistently. This study aimed to investigate the quality of life of diabetes mellitus patients with gangrene who received contemporary wound care at the Niscare Trenggalek Clinic. This study employed a quantitative descriptive methodology with a complete sampling strategy with 15 respondents. The whole sampling strategy employed solely the quality of life variable. A questionnaire served as the research instrument, and percentages were employed to analyze the findings. The study's results indicated that nearly half of the participants, namely 4 respondents (27%), experienced a middling quality of life, whilst the majority, including 11 respondents (73%), reported an excellent quality of life. The quality of life of patients with diabetic wounds (gangrene) can be influenced by a number of factors, including age, gender, education, occupation, income, marital status, length of suffering, number of wound treatments, and help during wound therapy. It is intended that patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic wounds (gangrene) will recognize the benefits of modern wound care and will practice wound care on a regular basis to guarantee that the wound healing process proceeds smoothly and enhances their quality of life.
Peran Edukator Perawat Dalam Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Pengobatan pada Lansia dengan Diabetes Melitus: The Role of Nurse Educators in Improving Treatment Compliance in Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Narmawan, Narmawan; Abadi, Ellyani; Herman, Herman; Ditamaya, Firda Ayu Arisyanti
Jurnal Abdi Keperawatan dan Kedokteran Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Chakra Brahmanda Lentera Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55018/jakk.v5i1.149

Abstract

Nurses as educators play a crucial role in educating patients about the importance of adherence in maintaining their health and improving their condition through care knowledge. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the role of nurse educators and medication adherence in elderly people with diabetes mellitus. This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional correlational study design. The sample consisted of 59 elderly people with diabetes mellitus selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. The results showed that the median score for the nurse educator role was 105, with a minimum score of 84 and a maximum of 107. Meanwhile, the median score for diabetes medication adherence was 5, with a score ranging from 2 to 6. The Spearman correlation test yielded a p-value of 0.001 and a correlation coefficient of 0.783. There is a significant positive relationship between the role of nurse educators and adherence to diabetes mellitus medication in elderly people. It is recommended that elderly people regularly follow their blood sugar check schedule, consult regularly, and involve family members in the treatment process to improve adherence.
Pengaruh Teknik Distraksi Menonton Kartun Animasi Terhadap Skala Nyeri Pada Anak Usia Pre School Saat Pemasangan Infus Di Rumah Sakit: The Effect of Animated Cartoon Distraction Technique on Pain Scale in Preschool-Aged Children During Intravenous Cannulation in Hospital Utami, Tuti Asrianti; Purwanti, Purwanti; Prabawati, Dewi
Jurnal Abdi Keperawatan dan Kedokteran Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Chakra Brahmanda Lentera Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55018/jakk.v5i1.154

Abstract

Children of all ages can experience illness.  One of the many invasive procedures that hospitalized children will undergo is IV insertion. IV insertion is painful because it can cause pain, so management is needed to minimize pain. One of the non-pharmacological pain management is to use distraction techniques that can reduce the pain scale during infusion.  This study aims to analyze the effect of distraction techniques watching animated cartoons on the pain scale during infusion of children pre school at X Jakarta Hospital. The research design used was Quasi Experiment Non Equivalent Control Group Design involving 70 respondents who were divided into an intervention group of 35 respondents and a control group of 35 respondents.  The research instrument used a pain measurement sheet wong baker faces scale. The results of the Man Whitney test analysis showed that there was an effect of distraction techniques watching animated cartoons on the pain scale in children pre school during infusion at X Jakarta Hospital (p value = 0.000 <0.05). It is expected that nurses can start applying infusion installation with distraction techniques, especially audiovisual distraction techniques to minimize pain in pediatric patients.
Evidence-Based Nursing Practice dengan Mobilisasi Dini Berdasarkan Teori Defisit Perawatan Diri Orem pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik: Studi Kasus: Evidence-Based Nursing Care with Early Mobilization Based on Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory in an Ischemic Stroke Patient: A Case Study Kurnia, Gian M; Agusni, Wulan; Susilawati, Susilawati; Hamami, Ayatullah
Jurnal Abdi Keperawatan dan Kedokteran Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Chakra Brahmanda Lentera Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55018/jakk.v5i1.156

Abstract

Ischemic’ stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, particularly among older adults, and requires comprehensive, evidence-based management. Nursing care plays a crucial role in optimizing cerebral perfusion, preventing complications, and promoting functional recovery. This case study aims to describe the implementation of comprehensive nursing care using an Evidence-Based Nursing (EBN) approach integrated with Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory in a patient with ischemic stroke.Smoking among adolescents remains a major public health concern in Indonesia. One preventive strategy is to enhance students’ self-efficacy to resist peer pressure to smoke. Health education is believed to improve self-efficacy, yet its effectiveness requires further empirical validation. A'descriptive case study was conducted on a 67-year-old female patient diagnosed with ischemic stroke and admitted to an inpatient ward. Comprehensive nursing assessment included neurological, hemodynamic, respiratory, nutritional, mobility, and self-care status. Assessment instruments used were the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Barthel Index. Nursing diagnoses were established based on the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standards (SDKI), while interventions and outcomes were planned using the Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards (SIKI) and Indonesian Nursing Outcome Standards (SLKI). The'main nursing diagnoses identified were decreased intracranial adaptive capacity, impaired gas exchange, decreased cardiac output, impaired physical mobility, and nonadherence to the therapeutic regimen. Evidence-based nursing interventions included intracranial pressure management, oxygen therapy, early post-stroke mobilization, self-care support, medication adherence education, and family involvement. Evaluation showed improvement in the patient’s level of consciousness, stabilization of vital signs, reduced headache intensity, increased muscle strength, and enhanced functional independence. NIHSS scores improved from moderate to mild neurological deficit, and the Barthel Index increased from severe to moderate dependency.
Analisis Determinan Kegagalan Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap dan Zero Dose serta Efektivitas Strategi Imunisasi Kejar dalam Mitigasi Kejadian Luar Biasa Penyakit yang Dapat Dicegah Dengan Imunisasi: Analysis of Determinants of Complete Basic Immunization Failure and Zero Dose, and the Effectiveness of Catch-Up Immunization Strategies in Mitigating Extraordinary Events of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Setyowati, Lisus; Perwiraningrum, Dhyani Ayu; satya, Malinda Capri Nurul; Rahmawati, Ira
Jurnal Abdi Keperawatan dan Kedokteran Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Chakra Brahmanda Lentera Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55018/jakk.v5i1.160

Abstract

Complete Basic Immunization (CBI) coverage refers to the percentage of children who have received all scheduled basic immunizations according to the national program, usually before 12 months of age. Cumulative CBI coverage in Jember Regency as of July 2025 remains low, reaching only 39.76% of the target. This study aimed to analyze the low CBI coverage and the high proportion of Zero Dose (ZD) children as key determinants of Extraordinary Events (Outbreaks) of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPDs) in Jember Regency, and to evaluate the effectiveness of catch-up immunization interventions. A descriptive-analytical approach was employed using secondary immunization program data from Jember Regency between January 2024 and July/August 2025, obtained from the local Health Office.  Epidemiological analysis revealed suspected and confirmed cases of diphtheria and measles-rubella (MR), including the declaration of a measles outbreak in seven community health centers (Puskesmas) in 2025. Low coverage was influenced by a complex set of risk factors, including vaccine hesitancy among families and structural challenges. Catch-up immunization was a critical strategy to close immunity gaps, with 1,129 children immunized with DPT-HB Hib as of August 2024, from a target population of 3,464. These findings highlight the need for integrated interventions targeting the root causes of vaccine hesitancy, improving tracking of migrant children, and optimizing cross-sectoral collaboration to achieve herd immunity and the elimination of VPDs.
Fibroblas Terkait Kanker dan Dampaknya terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup Keseluruhan pada Karsinoma Urotelial Kandung Kemih: Suatu Tinjauan Sistematis: Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Their Impact on Overall Survival in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review Kurnia, Jodii Arlan; Mardenanta, Vico
Jurnal Abdi Keperawatan dan Kedokteran Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Chakra Brahmanda Lentera Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55018/jakk.v5i1.166

Abstract

Background: Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) remains a common urologic malignancy with substantial mortality. The tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), promotes extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and treatment resistance, suggesting CAFs may serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Objective: To evaluate the association between CAFs and overall survival (OS) in BUC and identify clinically relevant CAF-related markers. Methods: A PRISMA-guided systematic review was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Taylor & Francis, ProQuest, Scopus, and EMBASE (2015–2025). Eligible human studies assessing CAFs/CAF-signatures in BUC were included. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. Results: Nine studies were included. Across cohorts, elevated CAF abundance or CAF-related markers consistently correlated with poorer outcomes. High CAF infiltration in TCGA-BLCA was associated with reduced OS (p=0.003) and advanced stage (p<0.001). Stromal markers such as FAP (HR=2.06) and PDGFRβ (HR=1.75) predicted worse OS, with FAP-dominant phenotypes showing the lowest survival. myCAF- and iCAF-high subtypes were linked to shorter OS (e.g., iCAF cluster p=0.024). Multiple CAF-based gene signatures (e.g., 7-gene models) stratified mortality risk (multivariate HR up to 3.51; AUC 0.88). COL10A1 overexpression also predicted inferior OS. A fibroblast-related gene index (FRGI) showed strong performance in ICI-treated patients (1-year OS AUC=0.95) and was enriched in non-responders. Conclusion: CAF abundance and subtype composition are robust adverse prognostic indicators in BUC and show promise for risk stratification and treatment decision support, particularly for immunotherapy responsiveness.
Penerapan Evidence-Based Nursing Practice dengan Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik: Studi Kasus: Application of Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Using Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Case Study Suranta, Tomi; Sihombing, Riris Yuniwaty; Virgona, Argi; Untari, Diah
Jurnal Abdi Keperawatan dan Kedokteran Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Chakra Brahmanda Lentera Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55018/jakk.v5i1.167

Abstract

Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, resulting in a significant decline in patients’ quality of life. In ischemic stroke, impairment of upper extremity motor function and limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) are common and require comprehensive, evidence-based nursing care. This study aimed to describe the implementation of nursing care for patients with ischemic stroke through the application of Evidence-Based Nursing Practice (EBNP) using the Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) intervention. This study employed a descriptive case study design involving one patient with subacute ischemic stroke who was hospitalized in an inpatient care unit. The observed variables included upper extremity motor function of the paretic side and the level of independence in activities of daily living. The CIMT intervention was administered in a structured manner for 30–60 minutes per session, 1–2 times per day for five consecutive days. Muscle strength was assessed using Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), while independence in activities of daily living was measured using the Barthel Index before and after the intervention. The results demonstrated an improvement in upper extremity motor function of the paretic limb, as indicated by increased muscle strength and enhanced functional movement ability. In addition, an increase in the Barthel Index score reflected an improvement in the patient’s level of independence in performing activities of daily living. The application of EBNP through CIMT was proven to be effective in improving motor function and independence among patients with ischemic stroke. This intervention can be recommended as part of rehabilitative nursing care in the subacute phase of ischemic stroke to support functional recovery and enhance patients’ quality of life.
Edukasi Bantuan Hidup Dasar pada Keluarga Pasien Post-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention dengan Diagnosis STEMI Anterior: Studi Kasus: Basic Life Support Education for Families of Post-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients with Anterior STEMI: A Case Study Sutini, Sutini; Kartini, Kevin; Susilawati, Susilawati; Cakrahayat, Agus
Jurnal Abdi Keperawatan dan Kedokteran Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Chakra Brahmanda Lentera Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55018/jakk.v5i1.168

Abstract

Death on Arrival (DOA) is a critical issue in emergency care, reflecting delays in early response, limited access to health services, and inadequate emergency preparedness at the community level. Patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with a history of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), remain at high risk for recurrent cardiac events, including sudden cardiac arrest. Limited family knowledge regarding basic life support (BLS) may contribute to delayed first aid and increased mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to improve BLS knowledge among families of post-PCI patients diagnosed with Anterior STEMI. This study employed a descriptive case study design conducted in the Merak Ward of Dr. M. Salamun Air Force Hospital from December 6 to December 8, 2025. The participant was the family of a post-PCI patient with a medical diagnosis of Anterior STEMI. Data were collected using basic life support standard operating procedures and structured observation sheets. The results indicated an improvement in the family’s knowledge of basic life support following the educational intervention. The family demonstrated better understanding and ability to recognize and respond to emergency situations related to cardiac and respiratory arrest. In conclusion, basic life support education effectively enhances the knowledge and preparedness of families of post-PCI patients. Improved family readiness may play a crucial role in early emergency response and potentially reduce the risk of Death on Arrival in patients with high-risk cardiac conditions.

Page 12 of 14 | Total Record : 132

 10   11   12   13   14 

Filter by Year

2022 2026


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol 4 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol 4 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol 3 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol 2 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol 2 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol 1 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Abdi Kesehatan dan Kedokteran