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Peradaban Journal of Law and Society
Published by Pustaka Peradaban
ISSN : 28301757     EISSN : 28301757     DOI : 10.59001
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Social,
Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Peradaban Journal of Law and Society (PJLS) is an open access and peer reviewed journal provides space for studies in the field of law and its various aspects in society. PJLS is committed to being an important resource in the study of academics and practitioners as well as researchers in the world regarding the field of law. PJLS encourages discussion of all branches of law, with a view to promoting an understanding of law, both in theory and practice, from a juridical perspective, its history and its relation to other social sciences. This may include but is not limited to areas such as: civil law, criminal law, constitutional and administrative law, Islamic law, customary law, international law, governance of legal pluralism, and other sections related to contemporary issues in legal scholarship. and its relationship to social development.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 49 Documents
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Rethinking Same-Sex Marriage in the Global South: A Postcolonial Critique of Human Rights Universalism Tohari, Ilham; Zulkarnain, Muhammad Sulthon
Peradaban Journal of Law and Society Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Pustaka Peradaban

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59001/pjls.v4i1.354

Abstract

This article explores the influence of global political will on the legalization of same-sex marriage in Third World countries, using a postcolonial and decolonial theoretical framework. By engaging with the critical perspectives of Talal Asad and Frantz Fanon, it examines how international human rights norms—particularly those framed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)—are often promoted as universal values rooted in Western liberal-secular traditions. The article argues that such norms, when imposed without sensitivity to local histories, cultures, and legal traditions, risk reproducing colonial patterns of epistemic domination. Asad critiques secularism as a hegemonic discourse that erases religious and communal legal frameworks, while Fanon identifies the persistence of colonial power through normative violence embedded in global law. The article calls for a dialogical and pluralistic approach to the globalization of human rights—one that respects normative sovereignty, acknowledges epistemic diversity, and avoids reducing justice to legal conformity with Western models.
Analisis Yuridis Wakaf Tanah Negara dalam Perspektif Hukum Agraria dan Hukum Wakaf Herlindah, Herlindah; Medaline, Onny; Maulana, Iqbal; Daud, Azzam Hasan
Peradaban Journal of Law and Society Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Pustaka Peradaban

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59001/pjls.v4i1.474

Abstract

Waqf, as an instrument for the distribution of wealth in Islam, necessitates full ownership by the waqif over the dedicated asset, as stipulated in Article 1, Paragraph 1 of Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf. This establishes that a valid element of waqf is the asset being legally owned by the waqif. However, Article 11 of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning Regulation Number 2 of 2017 concerning Procedures for Waqf Land Registration stipulates that Waqf Land on State Land that has not been previously encumbered with any Land Right shall be registered as Waqf Land under the nazhir's name. Yet, within the National Agrarian Law system, the state only possesses public control over land and does not hold private ownership of State Land. Although the state is not explicitly mentioned as a waqif, the state's action, (as if) acting as a waqif, conceptually raises legal issues. This research analyzes the norm conflict regarding waqf of State Land from the perspectives of Agrarian Law and Waqf Law in Indonesia. It employs a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The analysis concludes that waqf of State Land without a prior concrete legal relationship with a legal subject as the waqif contradicts the principle of State Control Rights and the fundamental waqf principle of al-tamlik qabla al-tabarru’ (ownership before donation/waqf). This can lead to the non-fulfillment of waqf validity requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to pursue a mechanism for granting land ownership rights to qualified socio-religious legal entities to act as the waqif, followed by the waqf process. Wakaf, sebagai instrumen distribusi harta dalam Islam, mensyaratkan adanya kepemilikan penuh dari pihak wakif atas objek yang diwakafkan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf. Bahwa salah satu unsur sahnya wakaf adalah harta benda yang dimiliki secara sah oleh Wakif. Namun, dalam Pasal 11 Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 Tentang Tata Cara Pendaftaran Tanah Wakaf mengatur bahwa Tanah Wakaf atas Tanah Negara yang belum pernah dilekati dengan sesuatu Hak atas Tanah didaftarkan menjadi Tanah Wakaf atas nama Nazhir. Padahal dalam sistem Hukum Agraria Nasional, negara hanya berwenang menguasai tanah secara publik dan tidak memiliki secara keperdataan atas Tanah Negara. Meskipun tidak disebutkan secara eksplisit negara sebagai wakif, tindakan negara (seolah) sebagai wakif, secara konseptual menimbulkan persoalan. Penelitian ini menganalisis konflik norma tentang wakaf tanah yang berstatus tanah negara dalam perspektif Hukum Agraria dan Hukum Wakaf di Indonesia, menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa wakaf atas Tanah Negara tanpa lebih dulu adanya hubungan hukum kongkrit dengan subjek hukum sebagai wakif  bertentangan dengan prinsip Hak Menguasai Negara dan Prinsip dasar wakaf, al-tamlik qabla al-tabarru’ (pemilikan sebelum hibah/wakaf). Hal ini dapat menimbulkan konsekuensi tidak terpenuhinya syarat sahnya wakaf. Oleh karena itu, perlu ditempuh mekanisme pemberian hak milik atas tanah kepada badan hukum sosial keagamaan yang memenuhi syarat untuk menjadi wakif yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses wakaf.
Integrating Sufi Education into Judicial Ethics: Strengthening Integrity among Religious Court Judges in Indonesia Galib, Andi Muhammad; Kholish, Moh. Anas; Matlail Fajar, Abbas Sofwan
Peradaban Journal of Law and Society Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Pustaka Peradaban

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59001/pjls.v4i1.489

Abstract

This study addresses the challenge of maintaining integrity and judicial ethics in Indonesia’s Religious Courts, which are often threatened by social, political, and economic pressures. In response to the modern crisis of spirituality, Sufi education offers a prophetic paradigm that emphasizes purification of the soul, honesty, and justice as divine orientations. This research, based on library study of classical and contemporary Sufi literature alongside legal regulations on judicial ethics, argues that Sufi education provides a spiritual foundation for strengthening judges’ moral integrity and professional ethics. The findings reveal that the internalization of teachings such as tazkiyat al-nafs, muraqabah, and ihsan can enhance ethical awareness, foster judicial independence, and reduce the risk of abuse of authority. Rather than replacing formal codes of ethics, Sufi education complements them with a deeper spiritual framework. The study recommends integrating Sufi educational modules into judicial training and continuous professional development. Its novelty lies in framing Sufi education not merely as private spirituality but as an institutional instrument for building a clean, dignified, and just Religious Court system in Indonesia. Penelitian ini membahas tantangan menjaga integritas dan etika peradilan di Pengadilan Agama Indonesia yang kerap terancam oleh tekanan sosial, politik, dan ekonomi. Di tengah krisis spiritualitas modern, pendidikan tasawuf menawarkan paradigma profetik yang menekankan pensucian jiwa, kejujuran, dan keadilan sebagai orientasi ilahiah. Dengan menggunakan metode studi pustaka terhadap literatur tasawuf klasik dan kontemporer serta regulasi hukum terkait kode etik hakim, penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pendidikan tasawuf dapat menjadi fondasi spiritual untuk memperkuat integritas moral dan etika profesional hakim. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa internalisasi ajaran seperti tazkiyat al-nafs, muraqabah, dan ihsan mampu meningkatkan kesadaran etis, menumbuhkan independensi peradilan, dan meminimalisasi potensi penyalahgunaan kewenangan. Pendidikan tasawuf tidak dimaksudkan menggantikan kode etik formal, melainkan melengkapinya dengan kerangka spiritual yang lebih mendalam. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan integrasi modul pendidikan tasawuf dalam pelatihan calon hakim maupun pengembangan profesional berkelanjutan. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada argumentasi bahwa pendidikan tasawuf bukan sekadar urusan spiritualitas privat, tetapi juga instrumen institusional untuk membangun peradilan agama yang bersih, bermartabat, dan berkeadilan.
Pembaruan Hukum Keluarga Islam di Indonesia: Analisis Produk Hukum Mahkamah Agung tentang Hak-Hak Istri dan Anak Pasca Perceraian Fauzi, Anwar
Peradaban Journal of Law and Society Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Pustaka Peradaban

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59001/pjls.v4i1.493

Abstract

The implementation of post-divorce rights for wives and children in Indonesia continues to face significant challenges, marked by a persistent gap between legal provisions and practical enforcement, with limited court rulings that fully guarantee these rights. This article aims to analyze the reform of Islamic family law in Indonesia and to compare the substance of post-divorce rights as regulated in statutory legislation with those articulated through the legal instruments of the Supreme Court. Employing a normative-comparative approach, this study finds that the Supreme Court has substantially reformed legal norms concerning post-divorce rights through various instruments—including Supreme Court Regulations (PERMA) and Circular Letters (SEMA)—issued between 2017 and 2022. These reforms, which include stricter obligations for payment prior to the pronouncement of divorce (ikrar talak), provisions for non-custodial parental access, more equitable considerations of economic capacity in determining financial support, and the introduction of enforcement mechanisms such as asset seizures for child support, reflect the Supreme Court’s ijtihad in alignment with the principles of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah as well as contemporary concerns of gender justice and human rights. This study contributes to mapping the dynamics and direction of Islamic family law reform in Indonesia, highlighting the strategic role of the Supreme Court in ensuring protection and legal certainty. Implementasi hak-hak istri dan anak pasca perceraian di Indonesia masih menghadapi tantangan serius, ditandai oleh kesenjangan antara ketentuan hukum dan praktik di lapangan, dengan minimnya putusan pengadilan yang menjamin pemenuhan hak-hak tersebut. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potret pembaruan hukum keluarga Islam di Indonesia dan membandingkan substansi hak-hak istri dan anak pasca perceraian dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dengan produk hukum Mahkamah Agung. Menggunakan pendekatan normatif-komparatif, studi ini menemukan bahwa Mahkamah Agung telah secara signifikan memperbarui kaidah hukum terkait hak-hak pasca perceraian melalui berbagai produk hukumnya (Peraturan Mahkamah Agung/PERMA dan Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung/SEMA) sejak 2017 hingga 2022. Pembaruan ini, yang mencakup kewajiban pembayaran yang lebih tegas sebelum ikrar talak, hak akses orang tua non-hak asuh, pertimbangan kemampuan ekonomi yang lebih adil dalam penentuan nafkah, serta mekanisme jaminan pemenuhan hak (seperti sita jaminan untuk nafkah anak), merefleksikan ijtihad Mahkamah Agung yang selaras dengan prinsip maqasid al-syariah serta isu-isu keadilan gender dan hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memetakan dinamika dan arah pembaruan hukum keluarga Islam di Indonesia, menyoroti peran strategis Mahkamah Agung dalam memberikan perlindungan dan kepastian hukum.
Penegasan Unsur Kerugian Negara dan Mens rea dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia Aiman, Rahmat; Andi Nurul Tenriwali Hasanuddin
Peradaban Journal of Law and Society Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pustaka Peradaban

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59001/pjls.v4i2.696

Abstract

Corruption is a crime that undermines governmental effectiveness and erodes public trust. However, law enforcement practices in Indonesia reveal a lack of conceptual clarity regarding the definition of state losses and the position of mens rea in corruption offenses. This study aims to analyze the scope of state losses that qualify as criminal acts of corruption and examine the role of mens rea in attributing criminal liability for such financial losses. Using doctrinal legal research, this study employs conceptual, statutory, and case-based approaches. The results indicate that state losses can only be held criminally liable if they are accompanied by unlawful acts and mens rea. These findings further emphasize that mens rea is an essential criminal element from both moral and institutional perspectives. This research is expected to provide conceptual clarity on the relationship between state losses and the element of fault, serving as an analytical foundation for law enforcement agencies in applying corruption laws in Indonesia. Korupsi merupakan kejahatan yang melemahkan efektivitas pemerintahan serta mengikis kepercayaan publik. Namun, praktik penegakan hukum di Indonesia menunjukkan adanya batasan konseptual yang kurang tegas dalam bentuk kerugian negara dan posisi mens rea dalam tindak pidana korupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ruang lingkup kerugian negara yang dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai tindak pidana korupsi serta menelaah peran mens rea dalam atribusi pertanggungjawaban pidana atas kerugian keuangan negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum doktrinal melalui pendekatan konseptual, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerugian negara hanya dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana apabila disertai perbuatan melawan hukum dan mens-rea. Temuan ini juga menegaskan bahwa mens rea merupakan unsur pidana yang harus dalam tindak pidana baik dalam tinjauan moral  maupun institusional. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kejelasan konseptual mengenai relasi antara kerugian negara dan unsur kesalahan, serta menjadi landasan analitis bagi aparat penegak hukum dalam menerapkan hukum korupsi di Indonesia.
The Dialectic Between the Fiqh of Tolerance and Human Rights in the Context of Religious Pluralism: The Indonesian Experience Chanifah, Nur
Peradaban Journal of Law and Society Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pustaka Peradaban

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59001/pjls.v4i2.762

Abstract

Indonesia is characterized by profound religious diversity encompassing multiple religions, beliefs, and religious practices. While such plurality has the potential to function as social capital for strengthening national cohesion, recent decades have witnessed a significant rise in religion-based intolerance, including the rejection of houses of worship, the dispersal of minority religious activities, and various forms of social intimidation. These developments indicate persistent structural and normative deficiencies in the governance of freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) in Indonesia. This article critically examines the relationship between religious plurality, practices of intolerance, and weaknesses in the governance of FoRB, while proposing a more progressive normative alternative. Employing a qualitative dialectical analysis based on document review and literature studies, the study maps the patterns and actors of religious intolerance and reassesses the normative foundations of religious governance through the integration of the fiqh of tolerance and human rights principles. The findings demonstrate that the escalation of intolerance is driven not only by regulatory weaknesses and majoritarian bias but also by exclusive religious interpretations that are misaligned with constitutional values and international human rights standards. This study argues that reconstructing an inclusive normative framework—grounded in a dialectical engagement between fiqh of tolerance and human rights—is essential for strengthening the protection of religious minorities and fostering social cohesion in Indonesia. Indonesia dicirikan oleh keberagaman agama dan kepercayaan yang kompleks, yang secara teoretis merupakan modal sosial bagi kohesi nasional. Namun, meningkatnya praktik intoleransi dalam beberapa dekade terakhir—seperti penolakan rumah ibadah dan intimidasi terhadap kelompok minoritas—mengindikasikan adanya persoalan struktural dan normatif dalam tata kelola Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan (KBB/FoRB). Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan dialektis antara pluralitas keagamaan, praktik intoleransi, dan kelemahan tata kelola KBB di Indonesia, serta menawarkan kerangka normatif alternatif yang progresif. Menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui analisis dialektis berbasis studi literatur, penelitian ini memetakan pola serta aktor intoleransi, sekaligus meninjau kembali fondasi pengelolaan kehidupan beragama melalui integrasi konsep fiqh toleransi dan prinsip Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eskalasi intoleransi dipicu oleh bias mayoritarian dalam regulasi serta tafsir keagamaan eksklusif yang tidak selaras dengan nilai konstitusional dan standar HAM internasional. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa rekonstruksi kerangka normatif yang inklusif—melalui dialektika fiqh toleransi dan HAM—merupakan prasyarat krusial untuk memperkuat perlindungan kelompok minoritas dan menciptakan kohesi sosial yang berkelanjutan di Indonesia.
Status Keperdataan dan Hak Waris Anak Hasil Sewa Rahim dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang Perkawinan Subairi, Subairi
Peradaban Journal of Law and Society Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pustaka Peradaban

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59001/pjls.v4i2.770

Abstract

The development of assisted reproductive technology, particularly the practice of surrogacy, presents new challenges for the Indonesian legal system, especially in determining the civil status and inheritance rights of children born through such mechanisms. To date, Indonesia lacks specific regulations governing surrogacy, leaving the determination of lineage (nasab), the validity of civil relationships, and the protection of children's inheritance rights in a legal gray area. From an Islamic law perspective, the determination of lineage and inheritance rights relies heavily on the principle of al-walad lil-firāsy and maternal provisions that identify the mother as the woman who gives birth. Meanwhile, positive law through the Marriage Law and population administration regulations emphasizes the importance of clarity in parental status within state administrative documents. The inconsistency between these two legal regimes creates fundamental issues when children born through surrogacy do not automatically obtain lineage and inheritance rights from the commissioning parents, while surrogate mothers do not always maintain the expected social or legal relationship as parents. This study is a library research utilizing normative-judicial and comparative approaches, analyzing classical and contemporary fiqh literature, national regulations, and research findings from the last five years regarding surrogacy. The study indicates that uncertainty in determining a child's civil status has direct implications for the limitation of inheritance rights, particularly when conflicts arise between fiqh provisions on lineage and the principles of population administration in positive law. This research proposes a model of legal reconstruction based on child protection and maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah to bridge this dualism, thereby creating legal certainty that is just, comprehensive, and responsive to developments in reproductive technology. Perkembangan teknologi reproduksi berbantu, khususnya praktik sewa rahim (surrogacy), menghadirkan tantangan baru bagi sistem hukum Indonesia, terutama dalam penentuan status keperdataan dan hak waris anak yang dilahirkan melalui mekanisme tersebut. Hingga saat ini, Indonesia belum memiliki regulasi khusus yang mengatur surrogacy, sehingga penetapan nasab, keabsahan hubungan keperdataan, serta perlindungan hak waris anak sering berada dalam ruang abu-abu hukum. Dalam perspektif hukum Islam, penetapan nasab dan hak waris sangat bergantung pada prinsip al-walad lil-firāsy dan ketentuan keibuan yang menetapkan ibu sebagai perempuan yang melahirkan. Sementara itu, hukum positif melalui Undang-Undang Perkawinan dan peraturan kependudukan menekankan pentingnya kejelasan status orang tua dalam dokumen administrasi negara. Ketidaksinkronan kedua rezim hukum tersebut menimbulkan persoalan mendasar ketika anak hasil sewa rahim tidak secara otomatis memperoleh hak nasab dan waris dari pasangan pemesan, sementara ibu pengganti tidak selalu memiliki hubungan sosial maupun legal yang diharapkan sebagai orang tua. Penelitian ini merupakan library research dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif dan komparatif yang menganalisis literatur fikih klasik–kontemporer, regulasi nasional, serta hasil penelitian lima tahun terakhir terkait surrogacy. Kajian menunjukkan bahwa ketidakpastian penetapan status keperdataan anak berimplikasi langsung terhadap pembatasan hak waris, terutama ketika terjadi pertentangan antara ketentuan fikih tentang nasab dan prinsip administrasi kependudukan dalam hukum positif. Penelitian ini menawarkan model rekonstruksi hukum berbasis perlindungan anak dan maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah untuk menjembatani dualisme tersebut, sehingga tercipta kepastian hukum yang adil, komprehensif, dan responsif terhadap perkembangan teknologi reproduksi.
Landasan Normatif Green Constitution dalam Islam: Studi Ayat Ekologis dan Relevansinya bagi Pembaruan Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia Al Hikam, Moh. Ikhya Ulumuddin; Bahari, Fadhil Achmad Agus
Peradaban Journal of Law and Society Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pustaka Peradaban

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59001/pjls.v4i2.772

Abstract

The global ecological crisis—marked by climate change, environmental degradation, and the overexploitation of natural resources—highlights the limitations of modern legal paradigms that remain predominantly anthropocentric. In Indonesia, the concept of a Green Constitution has emerged as an effort to constitutionalize environmental protection; however, its development largely relies on formal legal mechanisms and lacks deeper ethical and epistemological grounding. This article analyzes thematic interpretations of Qur’anic ecological verses as a conceptual basis for constructing a Green Constitution rationality that integrates legal norms with ethical principles. Employing a qualitative method with a thematic tafsir approach, this study examines Qur’anic verses concerning cosmological order, human responsibility, and prohibitions against environmental destruction, and relates them to principles of constitutional environmental law. The findings demonstrate that key Qur’anic concepts—such as mīzān (balance), khalīfah (trusteeship), fasād (corruption), isti‘mār (constructive development), and the prohibition of isrāf (excess)—provide epistemological foundations for sustainability, ecological justice, precaution, and state responsibility. Integrating Qur’anic environmental ethics into constitutional discourse contributes to the development of a Green Constitution framework that is normatively robust, socially legitimate, and contextually grounded in Indonesia’s constitutional and religious worldview. Krisis ekologis global—yang ditandai oleh perubahan iklim, degradasi lingkungan, dan eksploitasi sumber daya alam secara berlebihan—menunjukkan keterbatasan paradigma hukum modern yang masih bersifat antroposentris. Di Indonesia, konsep Green Constitution muncul sebagai upaya mengonstitusionalisasikan perlindungan lingkungan hidup; namun pengembangannya masih bertumpu pada mekanisme hukum formal dan belum didukung oleh landasan etis dan epistemologis yang memadai. Artikel ini menganalisis tafsir tematik ayat-ayat ekologis Al-Qur’an sebagai dasar konseptual dalam membangun rasionalitas Green Constitution yang mengintegrasikan norma hukum dengan prinsip etika. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan tafsir tematik, kajian ini menelaah ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang berkaitan dengan tatanan kosmologis, tanggung jawab manusia, dan larangan terhadap perusakan lingkungan, serta menghubungkannya dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum lingkungan konstitusional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep-konsep Qur’ani seperti mīzān (keseimbangan), khalīfah (amanah), fasād (kerusakan), isti‘mār (pembangunan berkelanjutan), dan larangan isrāf (berlebihan) mengandung fondasi epistemologis bagi prinsip keberlanjutan, keadilan ekologis, kehati-hatian, dan tanggung jawab negara. Integrasi etika lingkungan Qur’ani ke dalam diskursus konstitusional berkontribusi pada pembentukan kerangka hukum Green Constitution yang kokoh secara normatif, memiliki legitimasi sosial, dan relevan dengan konteks konstitusional serta religius Indonesia.  
Legal Disharmony and Disaster Risks: Ecological Sovereignty Restoration Through the Indigenous Peoples Bill Wasito, Ahmad
Peradaban Journal of Law and Society Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pustaka Peradaban

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59001/pjls.v4i2.777

Abstract

The escalation of hydrometeorological disasters in the upstream regions of Sumatra reflects a systemic failure in forestry governance, which is increasingly ensnared in an extractive paradigm. This article aims to analyze the correlation between regulatory disharmony and the rising risk of ecological disasters, while repositioning the Indigenous Peoples Bill as a preventive judicial instrument within the national disaster mitigation framework. Utilizing a normative legal research approach through a discourse analysis of sectoral regulations and policies, this study demonstrates that regulatory fragmentation—particularly following the implementation of the Job Creation Law—has precipitated an "administrative disaster" characterized by the legalization of forest area violations and the removal of ecological protection thresholds in upstream regions. Such conditions create a zone of impunity that systemically undermines the role of indigenous communities as guardians of the upstream ecosystem. This article argues that the Indigenous Peoples Bill serves as a crucial legal unification mechanism to resolve the implementation deadlock of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 35/PUU-X/2012 while simultaneously ending management dualism in upstream areas. Consequently, the recognition of customary land rights is not merely a human rights issue, but a fundamental legal prerequisite for public safety and the restoration of national ecological sovereignty. Eskalasi bencana hidrometeorologi di wilayah hulu Sumatra merefleksikan kegagalan sistemik tata kelola kehutanan yang semakin terperangkap dalam paradigma ekstraktif. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara disharmoni peraturan perundang-undangan dengan meningkatnya risiko bencana ekologis, serta mereposisi RUU Masyarakat Adat sebagai instrumen yuridis preventif dalam mitigasi bencana nasional. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian hukum normatif melalui analisis diskursus regulasi dan kebijakan sektoral, kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa fragmentasi regulasi—terutama pasca-implementasi UU Cipta Kerja—telah melahirkan “bencana administratif” berupa pemutihan pelanggaran kawasan hutan dan penghapusan ambang batas perlindungan ekologis wilayah hulu. Kondisi tersebut menciptakan zona impunitas yang secara sistemik melemahkan peran masyarakat adat sebagai penjaga ekosistem hulu. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa RUU Masyarakat Adat berfungsi sebagai mekanisme unifikasi hukum yang krusial untuk mengatasi kebuntuan implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 35/PUU-X/2012 sekaligus mengakhiri dualisme pengelolaan kawasan hulu. Dengan demikian, pengakuan hak ulayat tidak semata merupakan isu hak asasi manusia, melainkan prasyarat yuridis bagi keselamatan publik dan pemulihan kedaulatan ekologis nasional.

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